Objective: To search for the weighting the doctor’s service value and method to give the payment to doctors. Methods:From the hierarchy of medical service items, medical service items are classified, the weight of medical service item are calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) , the Harvard University doctor workload measurement model is established. Results: According to the weight of medical service items, to calculate the workload of doctors integrated with practical work quantity. Conclusion:By applying the theoretical results into practices, the estimation system of doctor workload was smoothly operated in the organization.

AIM　To study bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metablites terbutaline in 20 healthy male volunteers. METHODS　A single oral dose of domestic or imported bambuteral tablet was given according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The plasma bambuteral and terbutaline concentrations were determined by HPLC/MS. RESULTS　The pharmacokinetic parametrs of domestic and imported bambuteral: AUC0-t were (52±21) μg*h*L-1 and (51±20) μg*h*L-1, Tmax were (2.9±0.9) h and (2.6±0.7) h, Cmax were (6.0±2.6) μg*L-1 and (6.2±2.9) μg*L-1, T1/2Ke were (11.2±2.3) h and (11.2±1.9) h, respectively; terbutaline: AUC0-t were (191±30) μg*h*L-1 and (197±37) μg*h*L-1; Tmax were (4.2±1.0) h and (4.2±1.0) h; Cmax were (10±5) μg*L-1 and (10±4) μg*L-1; T1/2Ke were (20±3) h and (21±4) h, respectively. The bioavaiability of the domestics was 102%±8% (bambuteral) and 100%±12% (terbutaline). CONCLUSION　The results demonstrate that the two forms of bambuteral and terbutaline were bioequivalent by analysis of variance, two-one sided test and 90% confidential limit.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a stroke unit combined with community health services for treating stroke survivors. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients were randomly divided into a " stroke unit combined with community medicine" group ( combined group) , a stroke unit group and a general treatment group. Patients in the former 2 groups were treated in a hospital stroke unit during their hospitali-zation. The general treatment group was given conventional medical treatment. After discharge, the combined group continued to receive regular rehabilitation therapy and guidance in the form of community medical services, while the stroke unit group received follow-up only. Assessment was by means of Fugl-Meyer scores, the Barthel index and self-rating on a depression scale ( SDS). The patients were assessed at admission, on discharge and 3 months after discharge. Results There were no significant differences in average limb motor function, ability in the activities of daily living ( ADL) or depressive mood among the 3 groups on admission, but at discharge, limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined group and stroke unit groups were significantly superior to those in the general therapy group. Limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined and stroke unit groups had improved further 3 months after discharge, with more significant improvements in the combined group. No significant change in depression was observed in any group at discharge, but average depression scores in the combined and stroke unit groups improved significantly in the 3 months after discharge, and there was a statistically significant difference between the combined group and the general group. Conclusion Supplementing the work of a stroke unit with community health services significantly improves stroke patients' recovery of limb motor function and ADL ability.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence of suspension formulation of cefixime(A),capsule formulation of ce-fixime(B) and reference preparation(C: Cefixime Capsules or Cefspan) in human body.METHODS: The study was conducted as a 3- way crossover design in 18 healthy volunteers whose plasma concentrations of cefixime were determined by HPLC after receiving a single oral dose of 200 mg trial preparations or reference preparation.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetics of the three preparations(A、B、C) were as follows after undergoing BIO3 program fitting:AUC0-1 were(18.54?6.31)mg?h-1?L-1, (16.10?5.51)mg?h-1?L-1 and (17.16?5.96)mg?h-1?L-1, Cmax were(2.63?0.76) mg?L-1, (2.43?0.78)mg?L-1 and (2.57?0.90)mg?L-1;tmax were(4.11?0.58)h,(4.56?0.51)h and (4.56?0.70)h,respectively .The relative bioavailability of cefixime suspensions(A) and cefixime capsules(B) were (108.8?12.3)% and (95.7?15.9)% ,respectively as against reference preparation(C) .CONCLUSION:The test formulations(A and B) were found bioequivalent to the reference formulation(C).

OBJECTIVE:The bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of two kinds of domestic meloxicam tablets were studied in 20 healthy male volunteers METHODS:A dose of 15mg of domestic or imported meloxicam(test and reference preparation)was given according to arandomized 2-way cross-over design,blood samples were withdrawn up to 96 hours post administration,and plasma concentration of meloxicam was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method RESULTS:The peak plasma levels(Cmax)of meloxicam test drug and reference drug were (2 736 2?312 0)and(2 665 6?333 8)?g/L,respectively,the peak time(Tmax)were(4 25?1 16)h and(4 00?1 30)h,respectively,T1/2ke were(21 67?3 81)h and(21 05?3 30)h,respectively,and AUC0～t were(96 454 6?25 526 6)and(95 692 5?24 532 6)?g/(h?L),respectively There were no significant differences in AUC0～t,Tmax,Cmax and T1/2ke between two kinds of tablet CONCLUSION:The relative bioavailability data obtained in the study furnished definite proof of bioequivalence of both domestic meloxicam tablets and imported meloxicam tablets The relative bioavailablility of the test drug was(101 3?11 9)%

Objective To investigate the fetal ultrasonographic features in pregnancies with Toxoplasma (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Methods From January 2011 to March 2013, prenatal ultrasound examination was performed in 545 fetuses with mothers of speciifc positive IgM of TOX, RV, CMV and HSV, detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital. Ultrasonographic features were summarized and pregnancy outcome was followed up in fetuses with abnormal ifndings. Results Among the 545 fetuses, 56 cases with abnormal sonographic ifndings:6 cases with central nervous systerm abnormalities (2 intracranial calcifications, 4 hydrocephaly);9 cases with digestive system abnormalities (1 intrahepatic calcifications, 8 echogenic bowel);2 cases with heart abnormalities (1 interventricular septal defect, 1 right heart enlargement);17 cases with abnormal amniotic fluid volume (16 polyhydramnios, 1 oligohydramnios);3 cases with placental abnormality (1 thick placenta, 2 placenta abnormal calciifcation);13 cases with urinary systerm abmormality appearing as renal sinus separation;and 6 cases with other systerm abnormalities (1 neck lymphatic hygroma, 1 single umbilical artery, 1 sacrococygeal teratoma and 3 intrauterine growth restriction);2 cases of complicated abnormalities. Conclusions Prenatal ultrasonography is signiifcant in detecting serious fetal malformations, such as hydrocephaly, heart abnormalities and characteristic ultrasound features such as intracranial calciifcations, echogenic bowel, placenta abnormal calciifcation complicated with TOX, RV, CMV and HSV infection, providing valuable information for further clinical treatment, such as induced labour.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Icariin (ICA) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSAn enzymatic digestion block was used in vitro to culture hPDLSCs, which were separated and purified by limited dilution cloning. The hPDLSCs were identified using cell-surface markers and cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA solution. The proliferation ability of these cells was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After staining with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteogenesis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoblast-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Alizarin red staining was performed to measure the level of calcium deposition. The hPDLSCs were cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA and nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds in vivo before transplantation into subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Osteogenic abilities were histochemically analyzed after 30 days of induction.

RESULTSThe hPDLSCs were affected by 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA, and MTT assay showed that the proliferation of the groups treated with ICA in vitro was better than that of the control groups on the second day. The ALP activity of the treated hPDLSCs was significantly enhanced after cell culture for 3, 5, and 7 days. The gene expression of osteoblastic markers was also significantly enhanced after 7 days. The deposition of mineralization after incubation with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA increased compared with the control after cell culture for 14, 21, and 28 days. Furthermore, the bone expression of the treatment groups in vivo was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control groups.

CONCLUSIONTreatment with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs in vitro and in vivo. ICA can effectively function as a bioactive growth factor in periodontal tissue engineering to replace traditional growth factors.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Stem Cells

OBJECTIVETo observe the inhibitory effect of Tongxinluo (TXL) on coronary vaso spasm in small swine in vivo, and to investigate its possible acting mechanism.

METHODSThe model of coronary atherosclerosis in 16 male small swines was established by left thoracotomy after anesthesia, isolated the sections of left anterio-descending branch and proximal end of rotator branch with similar outer diameter, and encapsulated them with paper-towel holding 2.5 microg interleukin-1beta. Two weeks later, the condition of coronary vasospasm induced by catheter intra-coronary injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 microg/kg) was observed through coronary artery contrast examination. The 12 swines with successfully formed coronary vaso spasm were randomly divided into 2 groups, the TXL group and the control group. They were fed with special diet, but TXL 1 g/(kg d) was administered additionally to the TXL group for 4 weeks. The observation on coronary vasospasm was repeated 1 week after discontinuation of TXL treatment, then the animals were sacrificed, their vascular sections enclosed with IL-1beta was taken to conduct the pathologic examination and to detect the expressions of Rho kinase mRNA and its substrate myosin- binding subunit phosphorylation (MBS-P) by RT-PCR and Western blot method.

RESULTSCoronary artery contrast showed that local coronary stenosis occurred in the 12 model swines to different extents (20% - 30%, and vascular spasm on them could be induced by 5-HT. At the time of repeating examination, 11 vascular sections in the control group still maintain their positive spasm reaction to 5-HT, but only 2 in the TXL group did so, the reaction turned to negative in 1 and 10 in the two groups respectively. Pathological examination showed that different degrees of macrophage aggregation could be found in both groups. The degree of lumen stricture and endometrial hyperplasia in the TXL group was obviously attenuated than those in the control group. The expressions of Rho kinase mRNA and MBS-P in the control group were up-regulated obviously. As compared with those in the control group, they were inhibited significantly in the TXL group, as (71.5 +/- 2.4) vs (98.2 +/- 7.7)% and 16,633 +/- 1,390 vs 25,818 +/- 4,745, respectively (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTXL could obviously inhibit the coronary intimal hyperplasia mediated by IL-1beta and coronary vasospasm induced by 5-HT, one of its mechanisms is possibly the inhibition on the intracellular Rho kinase mRNA expression in the IL-1beta enclosed vascular section to decrease the level of MBS-P.

Animals ; Coronary Vasospasm ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Serotonin ; adverse effects ; Swine ; rho-Associated Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo generate a recombinant expression system of repeated serial antibiotic peptide Alloferon-1 DNA segment with trypsin digestion site and to determine its anti-tumor activity in vitro.

METHODSA 14 repeated serial DNA segment of Alloferon-1 with a lysine residual at the C-end that acts as the trypsin digestion site was constructed. pET42a vector and E.coli BL21DE3 were applied to generate the prokaryotic expression system of the repeated serial DNA segment of Alloferon-1. The yield of target recombinant product was measured by SDS-PAGE and Bio-Rad Gel image system. Ni-NTA affinity column, trypsin digestion and Sephadex G-50 column were used to purify 14 rAlloferon-1-K fusion protein and rAlloferon-1-K monomer. By using the co-cultivation of BALB/c mouse splenocyte with K562, KB or SGC tumor cells and CCK-8 detection method, the effects of rAlloferon-1-K, chemosynthetic Alloferon-1 (cAlloferon-1) and Alloferon-1-K (cAlloferon-1-K) on the growth and proliferation of tumor cells were detected.

RESULTSThe prokaryotic expression system E.coli BL21DE3pET42a-14 Alloferon-1-K efficiently expressed 14 rAlloferon-1-K fusion protein under inducement of IPTG,and the yield of fusion protein was approximate 30% of the total bacterial proteins. 0.1≊10 ng/ml rAlloferon-1-K remarkably increased the effect of mouse splenocytes to inhibit the growth and proliferation of K562, KB and SGC cells (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference of the anti-tumor ability of rAlloferon-1-K compared to that of cAlloferon-1 or cAlloferon-1-K (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONA prokaryotic expression system of repeated serial Alloferon-1 DNA segment has been successfully constructed with high yield of rAlloferon-1-K, which maintains anti-tumor activity in vitro.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptides ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus（HCMV）UL146 gene in clinical strains,and to evaluate its clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value of gene.Methods The UL146 gene of clinical strains was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Q-PCR）or general polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.Positive samples of PCR amplification were sequenced and analyzed.Results High variability of UL146 gene was found among 28 HCMV strains.According to phylogenetic analysis,all sequences of UL146 in clinical strains could be divided into three types and four subtypes.Chemokine ELRCXC region was highly conserved in all sequences.Conclusion HCMV-UL146 genes showed a high degree of polymorphism,and its encoded chemokine ELRCXC region was highly con-served.The relationship between HCMV-UL146 gene′s polymorphism and different clinical symptoms of HCMV infection was unclear.