A Comprehensive review was present on the sources, enzyme stru cture, enzyme reaction mechanism and the application of the nitrilase.

Objective To discuss the femoral neck anteversion(FNA) of developmental dislocation of the hip(DDH) and guide operation with visual and digitalized picture in the dimensional(3D) CT.Methods Ninety children with unilateral DDH were selected,and they were analyzed using 3D CT.Children whose FNA exceed 45 degree received the subtrochanter osteotomy with images from different direction,FNA of hip was measured respectively before and after operation and was measured in normal and abnormal hips respectively,FNA of hip received respectively statistical treatment.Ninety patients (90 hips) were followed up ranging from 3 months to 2 years with the mean of 13 months.Results In the group younger than 18 months,the FNA whose in normal hips was(19.40?3.512)degree,the FNA while(68.45?12.272)degree in dysplasia hips respectively,the FNA measured after operation was (20.45?2.940) degree;in the group elder than 6 years,there were significantly statistical differences,the FNA in normal hips was(19.44?3.561)degree,in dysplasia hips respectively was(73.49?12.678)degree,while the FNA measured after operation was(18.28?1.931)degree.Clinical assessment was performed according to Mckay′s classification.The results showed that the overall excellent or good rate was 95.6%.Conclusions 3D CT method is a new accurate and convenient and reduplicative method for measuring FNA.It will be more helpful for related operations when 3D images are considered.

AIM:To investigate the influence of pinellia heart-draining Decoction, Licorice heart-draining Decoction, Fresh ginger heart-draining Decoction and its dismantlements on the amount of gastric mucus in rats. METHODS:20 different combination of Banxiaxiexin Decoction and its analogus according to the unform design layout, the amount of gastric mucus in rats was determinated. Stepwise regression analysis was adopted to estimate the relationship between the pharmacological data and compatibility. RESULTS:Rhizoma Coptidis could reduce the amount of gastric mucus remarkbably, the interaction of Rhizoma Pinelliae、Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae and Radix Glycyrrhizae could increase the amount of gastric mucus, and interaction was confirmed among different medicinal ingredients in prescription. CONCLUSION:Uniform design provides a referable exeperimental design for studying analogus decoction compatibility law.

ObjectiveTo provide the early diagnosis of Alzheimer\'s disease(AD), the memory in the patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) was detected under the functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), combined with the behavioral experiment.Methods9 patients with MCI and 9 controls matched for the age, gender, level of education and handedness performed encoding and retrieval of nonsense line drawings, presented visually while the MR machine was scanning. ResultsCompared with the controls, the patients manifested longer reaction time and lower correct ratio. The patients\' brain activation showed: the first episode of encoding of nonsense line drawings elicited distributed activation in bilateral dorsal lateral frontal lobes, left parahippocampus, bilateral temporal-occipital conjunction, parietal lobes and visual cortex in the control subjects. While these activations decreased in the second episode of encoding of the same stimuli, much stronger activation was found in most same areas during the retrieval phase except for the right parietal lobe, in which the patients showed stronger activation. Moreover, activation in the anterior cingulate cortex was observed only in the retrieval phase. The patients showed weaker and smaller activation in almost all activation areas during all tasks in the normal subjects. ConclusionThe patients with MCI have the deficit in memory. The examination of encoding and retrieval of nonsense line drawings by means of the behavioral experiment and fMRI test can offer a powerful reference for the early diagnosis of AD.

The feasibility of simultaneously loading both liposoluble and water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in emulsion was discussed, in order to provide new ideas in comprehensive application of effective components in S. miltiorrhiza in terms of technology of pharmaceutics. With tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B as raw materials, soybean phospholipid and poloxamer 188 as emulsifiers, and glycerin as isoosmotic regulator, the central composite design-response surface method was employed to optimize the prescription. The coarse emulsion was prepared with the high-speed shearing method and then homogenized in the high pressure homogenizer. The biphasic drug-loading intravenous emulsion was prepared to investigate its pharmaceutical properties and stability. The prepared emulsion is orange-yellow, with the average diameter of 241 nm and Zeta potential of -35.3 mV. Specifically, the drug loading capacity of tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B were 0.5 g x L(-1) and 1 g x L(-1), respectively, with a good stability among long-term retention samples. According to the results, the prepared emulsion could load liposoluble tanshinone II (A) and water-soluble salvianolic acid B simultaneously, which lays a pharmaceutical foundation for giving full play to the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male

OBJECTIVETo prepare and evaluate an intravenous emulsion of tanshinone II(A).

METHODSoybean phospholipid mixing with poloxamer 188 was used as emulsifier. Oleic acid and glycerol were used as co-emulsifier and isoosmotic adjusting agent, respectively. The coarse emulsion was first prepared and following homogenization was carried out for the coarse emulsion by using a high pressure homogenizer.

RESULTThe average diameter of the prepared tanshinone II (A) emulsion was 211 nm with a zeta potential of -32. 1 mV. There had no changes of diameter, zeta potential, pH value, content and physical appearance for the tanshinone II (A) emulsion stored at 25 degrees C away from light during one year.

CONCLUSIONThe physicochemical properties of the prepared tanshinone II (A) emulsion was stable, which could meet the requirements of intravenous administration.

Centrifugation ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; Emulsions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Injections, Intravenous ; Particle Size ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neuroprotective effects of Chinese herb medicine Huanglian-Jiedu-Tang (HJDT) on chronic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

METHODSFocal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 15 min. HJDT (at dosage of 2 g/kg or 4 g/kg, qd, orally) was administered for 21 d from d 7 before ischemia until d 14 after ischemia. The sham and ischemic controls were administered with normal saline orally. The neurological deficit scoring and the inclined board testing were performed within 35 d after ischemia. The survival rate, the infarct volume and the neuron density were assessed 35 d after ischemia.

RESULTHJDT increased the survival rate at dose of 4 g/kg; significantly reduced the neurological deficits, infarct volume and cerebral atrophy at doses of 2 and 4 g/kg after ischemia; and significantly increased the neuron density in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region, striatum and cortex at dose of 4 g/kg but only increase the density in hippocampal CA1 region at dose of 2 g/kg.

CONCLUSIONChinese herb medicine HJDT has neuroprotective effects on chronic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Brain ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the meaning of pedicle exposure technique for screw fixation on atlas with the vertebral groove height less than 4 mm by using reconstructive computed tomography.

METHODSFrom April 2015 to June 2015, 84 pedicles of 51 patients with groove heights less than 4 mm were studied by digital reconstruction respectively. Parameters of atlas pedicle screw fixation were measured.

RESULTSAmong the 51 cases, the vertebral groove height was (3.28±0.51) mm. Lateral mass heights, lateral mass widths and the transition area heights between lateral mass and posterior arch were fit for 3.5 mm screw implanting. Ideal pedicle screw trajectory lengths from 0° to 15° (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°) were (27.36±1.81), (27.01±1.68), (27.07±1.75), (27.48±1.72) mm, exposed trajectory lengths from 0° to 15°(0°, 5°, 10°, 15°) were(23.44±1.79), (23.87±1.84), (24.58±1.89), (25.56±2.01) mm, trajectory length of lateral mass was (20.78±2.05) mm. The mean CT values on 5 sections through pedicle trajectory and lateral mass trajectory were (701.89±141.48) HU and (599.11±137.33) HU, respectively. There were no significant differences between ideal pedicle trajectory lengths from 0° to 15°(>0.05). Exposed trajectory lengths was significantly increased accompanying with medial angles increasing (<0.05), and was longer than trajectory lengths of lateral mass (<0.05). CT value of pedicle screws was higher than CT value of lateral mass screws significantly (<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSScrews can be implanted in atlas with vertebral groove height less than 4 mm by using pedicle exposure technique. Few trajectory lengths will be sacrificed with favorable pull out strength due to adequate bone mass purchased.

OBJECTIVEA reversed superficial temporal artery auricular flap was presented to explore a new method for reconstructing the defects of the distal nose by microsurgical techniques.

METHODSA reversed superficial temporal artery auricular flap had been used on fifteen patients with nasal defects, including thirteen patients with alar defects and two patients with nasal tip defects. The reversed superficial temporal vessels of the flap were anastomosed with the recipient facial vessels. The size of the flap was 2.5 cm x 2. 0 cm - 4.0 cm x 2.5 cm, the length of the vascular pedicle was 5 - 8 cm, average 6.5 cm

RESULTSThe flap survived uneventfully in all fifteen patients.

RESULTSdemonstrated satisfactory symmetry between the reconstructed ala and the contralateral side as well as an excellent tip projection. The donor-site defect was minimal.

CONCLUSIONSThe reversed superficial temporal artery auricular flap offers an adequate length of vascular pedicle of the flap, it delivers a good solution to the problem of the vascular pedicle shortage of the proximal superficial artery auricular flap. This technique may become the top choice in the microvascular auricular transfer.

Adult ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; surgery ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Temporal Arteries ; surgery ; Tissue Transplantation ; Young Adult