China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Topography, Medical

BACKGROUND:With the development of stem cellresearch and regenerative medicine, a growing number of technique applications of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been used for treatment of femoral head necrosis. Simple grafting and injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has a poor effect, which is combined with scaffold materials as cells carrier plays a better role.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and carriers in the treatment of femoral head necrosis and to look into the future development prospects.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed (1989/2013) and CNKI (1989/2013) was performed for articles with the key words“osteonecrosis of the femoral head, avascularnecrosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, carrier or scaffold material”in English and Chinese, respectively. The advantages and limits of various carries and scaffolds were summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ideal carriers can promote and induce ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the femoral head. There is a variety of existing carriers, including autologous cancellous bone, al ograft bone, natural biological materials, organic materials, bio-ceramic, nano-materials. Since each material has its own advantages and limitations, composite materials have begun to be used in searching for ideal carriers and scaffolds, and there are however stil some issues that remain to be solved, such as lacking of unified standard of production, specification and making process;how to control and prevent the immune response and inflammation after implantation;how to ensure that the degradation rate of scaffold matches the generation rate of bone and cartilage in the femoral head;and how to identify the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and therapeutic effects after implantation.

Objective To observe the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation and secretion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) induced by transforming growth faetor-β1(TGF-β1).Methods Cultured HLFs were divided into a normal group and a model group induced by TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL),then intervened with CSE at different concentrations (0% ,2.5% ,5%, 10%, respectively).Brdu ELISA assay was used to detect cell proliferation.H2O2release from cultured cells was assayed using a fluorimetric method.Cellular localization of H2O2 and expression of α-SMA were performed using a fluorescent-labeling strategy.Results TGF-β1 stimulated group showed positive expression of α-SMA, implying TGF-β1 had induced fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts.In TGF-β1 stimulated group,2.5% and 5% CSE promoted cell proliferation (P < 0.01 or 0.05), while 10% CSE inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01).In the normal group, both low and high concentration of CSE inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the inhibition effect was dose-dependent.HLF induced by TGF-β1 generated low constitutive levels of extracellular H2O2 that was markedly enhanced by CSE treatment (P < 0.01).Pretreatment with DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished secretion of H2O2.Cellular localization of H2O2 by a fluorescent-labeling strategy demonstrated that extracellular secretion of H2O2 is specific to the myofibroblast.Conclusions Low concentration of CSE can promote myofibroblast proliferation, and markedly increase extracellular secretion of H2O2.CSE possibly take part in the development and progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by increasing oxidative stress.

Objective To explore the expressions of livin and Smac in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissue and their roles. Methods The expressions of Livin and Smac were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) in tissue specimens from the lesions of 58 patients with CA and foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The detection rates of Livin and Smac were 81.03% (47/58) and 77.59% (45/58) in CA lesions, respectively, compared to 25.00% (5/20) and 35.00% (7/20) in the controls, respectively. The expressions of Livin and Smac varied from positive (++) to strongly positive (+++) in CA lesions, and from negative (-) to positive (++) in the controls (both P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of Livin and Smac in CA lesions (r = 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is an over- expression of Livin and Smac in CA tissue, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CA.

Objective To evaluate the value of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan(G test) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods 96 COPD patients with high risk of IPFI were en‐rolled in the study ,and were divided into IPFI group and non‐IPFI group .The G test were performed on those people while the tra‐ditional methods sputum smear and fungal culture were also performed .The (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations of IPFI group and non‐IPFI group were compared ,and then the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated .The sensi‐tivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and the area under ROC of the two methods (G test and tradi‐tional methods) were compared .Results The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value of G test were 89 .5% ,89 .6% ,68 .0% ,97 .2% ,respectively ,when 20 pg/mL was the critical value .Areas under curve were 0 .942 for G test ,and 0 .790 for traditional method .Conclusion The detection of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan might be faster and with higher positive rate than traditional method ,and could be used for the early diagnosis of IPFI ,provide reference for the treatment .

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and its possible molecular mechanisms of MicroRNA-34a(miR-34a) on the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods: The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line was cultured in vitro.miR-34a and Scrambled miRNA recombinant plasmids were successfully established and stably transfected into CNE-2 cells.Fifteen six-week-old male nude mice were divided randomly into three groups:miR-34a group(5 mice) ,Scrambled miRNA group(5 mice) ,Blank control group(5 mice).Different CNE-2 cells were subcuta-neously injected on the back near right lower limb.Tumor volumes were examined every 7 days.Mice were executed on the 35 days,and the eventual average tumor volumes and weights were examined.Total RNA and protein were isolated from tumors,and the expression of miR-34a,CDK6,and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot,respectively.Results: The relative expressions of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated in miR-34a transfected group compared to Scrambled miRNA transfected group (P<0.05).Eight subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were successfully established.The nude mice of miR-34a transfected group appeared a smaller tumor volume compared to the other two groups at the beginning of 21th day( P<0.05).The eventual average tumor volumes in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(351.37±98.19)mm3,(798.75±91.04)mm3 and
(849.62±101.32) mm3 ,respectively,and the eventual average tumor weights in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(0.81±0.13)g,(1.47±0.21)g and(1.58±0.37)g,respectively.Both the eventual average tumor volumes and weights in miR-34a group were lower compared to the other two groups(P<0.05).qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of miR-34a in miR-34a transfected group was significantly higher than in the other two groups,while the mRNA and protein expression of CDK6 and Bcl-2 were lower than the other two groups ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: miR-34a may inhibit the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice by down-regulating CDK6 and Bcl-2.

Objective: To analyze the characters of occlusal contact in patients with bruxism.Methods: Occlusal contact was examined by a T-scan II occlusal analyser in 23 cases with bruxism and 13 controls in intercuspal occlusion position, canine protection position, protrusive-retrusive movement and lateral movement. The clusal time, the protrusive disclusion time, the lateral disclusion time and balanced occlusal contacts were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: The clusion time in bruxism cases was shorter while the lateral disclusion time longer than those in the controls (P

This paper introduced the concept of public spirit into public health emergencies from the field of public administration,and defined the content of public spirit in public health emergencies.The researchers gave a discussion on the specific performances of the four features of public spirit in public health emergencies,including public nature,bottom line,political nature and radioactive nature.The paper summarized the significance of public spirit in dealing with public health emergencies,and interpreted the connotation of public spirit of governments and citizens.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-13(IL-13) in renal tissues of several common pathologic types of primary glomerulonephritis(PGN).Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of IL-13 in renal tissues of 81 patients with PGN and 10 normal control cases.The correlation analysis was performed with biochemical and pathological indicators.Results Extensive expression of IL-13 was found in renal tissues of patients with PGN.The expression of IL-13 in renal tissues was positively correlated with the concentration of blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,the quantitation of urine protein and the crescent formation in glomerular(r=0.325,0.275,0.291,0.231,respectively).It was negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin(r=-0.448,-0.296,respectively).Conclusion IL-13 participates in the process of inflammation reaction and crescent formation in the renal tissues in patients with PGN,and is correlated with the progression of renal function and the level of urea protein.

Objective To examine the psychometric characteristics of the Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the influence of evaluation time on assessment results of oral motor skills for preterm infants,and to provide advice for the application of oral-motor assessment in clinic practice.Methods Following Palmer's method,a video recording was made for the preterm infants at different age during the first 2 min of nutritive sucking(NS).We stored the recordings on a digital videodisc and two NOMAS assessors assessed each recording.Results The NOMAS had acceptable internal consistency for less than 35 weeks' PMA (postmenstrual age).Moderate correlation were found between scores on the NOMAS and feeding performance for less than 35 weeks' PMA (normal sucking r=0.58,sucking disorder r=-0.61).The NOMAS demonstrated low responsiveness to changes in oral-motor skill in a week period,ranging from 33 to 36 weeks' PMA (SRM=0.02～0.49).The NOMAS scores for evaluating 30 seconds and 2 minutes were not consistent,the former scores was higher.Conclusions The reliability and validity of NOMAS were acceptable in assessing the oral-motor function of preterm infants for less than 35 weeks' PMA.The evaluation time of NOMAS was suitable for 2 min.