Animals ; Child ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value

Nonclinical evaluation of vaccines is an important part of innovative vaccine research and development. Information on vaccine efficacy and safety is obtained through nonclinical research to support the clinical development and licensure of the vaccine. In this paper, combined with existing vaccine evaluation experience, the strategies, considerations and concerns of vaccine nonclinical evaluation are summarized by consulting the relevant domestic and foreign literature and guidelines of vaccine nonclinical evaluation in recent years, so as to provide a reference for vaccine researchers. Because of the different characteristics and concerns of therapeutic vaccines, the discussion in this paper mainly focuses on innovative preventive vaccines.

Purpose:To compare old and new clinical staging of primary liver cancre. Methods:317 cases of primary liver cancer(PLC) patients,hospita lized and dead,were investigated retrospectively for overall median survival and survival after various therapies,according to various stages,and therapies and comparison among groups and test of median survival were carried out. Results:Survival in patients with new stage Ⅱa+Ⅱb or old Ⅱw ere significantly longer than newⅢa+Ⅲb or oldⅢ, but no significant differenc es were observed between new stageⅡa+Ⅱb and oldⅡ , or new stage Ⅲa+Ⅲb and oldⅢ. Median survival by new staging , decreased in peoper order from stageⅡ a ,Ⅱb , Ⅲa to Ⅲb respectively, significant different was found only between s tage Ⅲa and Ⅲb but not betweenⅡa andⅡb . Survival decreased respectively fr om interventional treatment ,systemic chemotherapy and palliative therapy;the in terventional treatment group did much better than the palliative group but no si milar differences were observed in the other groups. Conclusions:New clinical staging of PLC did not show significan t superiorly over the old one as judged by median survival.It can be questioned whether basing on largest diameter is less than 5/10 cm or more than 10 cm to di stinguish Ⅱa and Ⅱb is valid.Interventional treatment should be applied as soo n as possible to prolong survival whether it be the new or old clinical staging.

Objective To investigate the relationship between scattered or single lesion of acute cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery territory on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods With exclusion of cardioembolism, 73 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction of the unilateral MCA territory on DWI were analyzed. All patients got magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) within 24 hours after onset, and 7 patients also had digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The patients were classified into single lesion group or scattered lesions group according to the DWI findings. The incidence of stenosis or occlusion of ipsolateral MCA, intracranial and extracranial ICA were compared between the two groups. Results 42 patients had scattered lesions and 31 patients had single lesion. The scattered-lesions group had a high incidence of ipsilateral extracranial ICA or MCA occlusion or severe stenosis ( 25.6%versus 0, x2 = 10.6, P = 0.001 ) and a high incidence of ipsilateral intracranial ICA or MCA moderate or mild stenosis (31.0% versus 9.7% ,x2 =4.717, P =0.03 ). A positive correlation was found between the scattered lesions and severe or multifocal stenosis of ipsilateral ICA and MCA ( OR: 13.7, 95% CI: 3.6 to 52.5). There was a low incidence of absence of extra- and intracranial stenosis on MRA or DSA in the scattered-lesions group ( 11.9% versus 32.3%, x2= 4.526, P = 0.033 ). A negative correlation was found between the scattered lesions and absence of large-artery stenosis ( OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.94).Conclusions ( 1 ) Patients with acute cerebral infarction and scattered lesions on DWI were more likely to suffer from stenosis or occlusion of ICA or MCA, especially over the extracranial ICA. (2) Patients with single lesion were less likely to have severe or multiple stenosis of MCA and ICA, indicating the relevance of small-vessel pathogenesis.

Adult ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; pathology ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Temporal Bone ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Oral mucositis is a common and serious complication secondary to chemo-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer that has a high morbidity and affects the treatment outcomes. Currently available interven-tions such as three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy are directed at minimizing local radiation exposure and providing symptomatic relief. Recently, a number of new treatment mo-dalities have been expected to be introduced for reduction of severity and duration of mucositis, such as kerati-nocyto growth factor, amifostine, zinc sulfate,anti-inflammation agents,glutamine,etc. These efforts are likely to improve the life quality of cancer patients significantly.

Objective:Reporting a rare case with Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), who also has nephrotic syndrome resulting from minimal change glomerulopathy. Methods: Histological manifestations, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscope were performed. Results: One 37-year-old male patient with recurrent erythra, cutaneous node, painless cervical lymph node enlargement and nephrotic syndrome in 5 years. It's confirmed through biopsies that the subcutaneous node is ALHE, the cervical lymph node is kimura disease, and renal lesion is minimal change glomerulopathy. Conclusion: Kimura disease and ALHE may be different features of the same disease, and may complicate glomerulopathy.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective death of motor neurons and progressive paralysis. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain its pathogenesis. In recent years,one of the most studied hypotheses was the inflammatory response accompanying the motor neuron death. Microglia and its interactions with motor neurons play important roles in the development and progression of the inflammatory responses and the disease itself,which results in different new and potent therapeutic strategies of great clinical value.

Objective: To study the relation of condylar morphology with different vertical facial types in the development of patients with skeletal Ⅲ malocclusions. Methods:180 cases with skeletal Ⅲ malocclusion were divided into children(5-11 years old), adolescence(12-17 years old) and adult(18-30 years old) groups with 60 cases in each group. Orthopantomograms of the patients with different vertical facial types were retrospectively investigated by computerized cephalometric analysis. Condylar morphology were compared among different age groups of the same vertical facial type. Results:In patients with high angle, ramus height(RH) was getting bigger with ageing(P0.05). In patients with low angle h and RH in adult group were bigger than those in adolescence or in children(P

Recently,because of the increasing of nitrogen, phosphate and organic pollutants concentration in water, the population and constitution of microorganisms in water have been influenced. There was a new challenge for the traditional drinking water treatment technology. The studies on the drinking water biostability were summarized and the determination of biological stability of drinking water,the influencing factors on the biostability and the measurement controlling the biostability were introduced in the present paper.