In the report of the definition and classification subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007), inflammation was emphasized specially, and anti-inflammation therapy was also included in the treatment recommendations by severity level. Inflammation has been highly valued in the pathogenesis of dry eye recently. The management of dry eye through anti-inflammation therapy is also a hot point in recent years. What is the role of inflammation in the development of dry eye? This article mainly reviews the advancement of the study about their relevance in recent years.

An analysis technique of steady state and stability for closed-loop PWM DC/DC switching converters is presented. Using this method, the closed-loop switching converter is transformed into an open-loop system. By means of the fact that in steady state, the two boundary values are equal in one switching period. The exponential matrix is evaluated by precise time-domain-integration method, and then the related curve between feedback duty cycle and the input one is obtained. Not only can the steady-state duty cycle be found from the curve, but also the stability and stable domain of the system. Compared with other methods, it features with simplicity and less calculation, and fit for numerical simulation and analysis for closed-loop switching converters. The simulation results of examples indicate the correctness of the presented method.

Genetically modified organisms, as a high-tech product, break through the limitation of different organisms and create new organisms through gene implanting from other kinds of organisms. They not only bring great benefits to human beings but also bring some ethical issues including the effect on environment,the effect on human health,and the respect to hatural law.Moreover,this article argues some ethical issues during the process of commercialization and sale including how to maintain the consumers' benefits,the protection on researchers through potent right,the precautionary principle and label issues.

Objective To investigate the correlation among HBV infection models,HBV Pre-S1 antigen and HBV DNA loads in serum and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.Methods Hepatitis B markers,HBV Pre-S1 antigen and HBV DNA loads in serum samples were detected simultaneously for 1037 cases.Results The positive rate of HBV Pre-S1 antigen was higher in HBsAg,HBeAg and HBcAb positive model than that in other models(P0.05).Conclusion The quantitative detection of HBV DNA is important for the prevention of HBV infection.The combination assay of serum HBV markers,Pre-S1 antigen and HBV DNA load was beneficial to the monitoring of disease condition of hepatitis B and to the improvement of therapeutic effect.

By digestion with concentration sulfate acid and fuming nitri c acid under refluxing coprecipitation with Fe(OH)3, colorimetry with phenylfluorone-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB), germanium (Ge) contents of 18 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs were determined. The Ge contents in Ganoderma lucidum and oldenladia diffusa were higher than those of others (2.46 and 0.35 ?10-8, respectively).In this method, the recoveries of Ge added to various herbs were in the range of 91%~93%. The detection limit and coefficient variation were 198 ng/g and 0.89%, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of methylation inhibitor decitabine (DAC) alone and combination with As2O3 on apoptosis of NB4 cells. Methods NB4 cells were treated with DAC, As2O3 and the combination of them in different concentrations. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and the apoptosis of NB4 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results Both DAC and As2O3 induced time and concentration-dependent cell death, in which the inhabitation rate were 12.18 %, 22.72 %, 35.54 %, respectively, after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h on treatment by DAC at 1 μmol/L and the inhibition rates were increased to 22.14 %, 31.18 %, 45.21 % by DAC at 1 μmol/L. The inhibition rates were 21.09 %, 32.43 %, 44.93 %, respectively, by treating with As2O3 0.5 μmol/L after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, which were increased to 31.69 %, 41.12 % and 54.27 %, respectively after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. The inhibition rates were significantly increased by using both DAC and As2O3 with significant differences (P <0.05). DAC and As2O3 in combination produced a greater inhibition of growth against NB4 cells (by treating with DAC 1 μmol/L + As2O3 0.5 μmol/L after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the inhibition rates were 42.10 %, 48.75 %, 60.78 %) (P <0.05). In each concentration group and control group the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incubation for 48 h with As2O3 1 μmol/L alone or combined with DAC 2 μmol/L showed apoptosis cells by 5.8 % and 17.3 %. Conclusion Decitabine can significantly inhibit the proliferation of NB4 cells and the apoptosis with synergistic effectiveness can be found when Decitabine combination with As2O3.

Objective To study the relevant position of atlas pedicle to axis lateral mass, set up a technique of C1 pedicle screw placement with the lateral mass of axis as an anatomic landmark, and evaluate the reliability of the present screw placement technique by clinical practice. Methods 50 paired atlas and axis specimens were used to measure the distance from the sagittal midline to the medial border, the midpoint (the middle point of the mediolateral border) and the lateral border of C1 pedicle and C2 lateral mass. Furthermore, the distance between the medial border of C1 pedicle and that of C2 lateral mass, the distance between the midpoint of C1 pedicle and that of C2 lateral mass and the distance between the lateral border of C1 pedicle and that of C2 lateral were calculated respectively. The technique of C1 pedicle screw fixation was established. Using the present landmark technique, C1 pedicle screws were placed in 6 patients of atlantoaxial instability, including 5 males and 1 female averaged 41 years old, with os odontoideum in 1, odontoid hypoplasia in 3, and old odontoid fractures in 2. Results The medial border, the midpoint and lateral border of C1 pedicle was averaged (1.37?0.51) mm, (1.60?0.61) mm and (2.15?0.60) mm medial to C2 lateral mass, respectively. The entry point of C1 pedicle screw in present technique was defined as the method of making a vertical line through the midpoint of C2 lateral mass, and the entry point was 3 mm under the cross point of the superior rim of C1 posterior arch with the vertical line. 12 C1 pedicle screws were placed exactly in all 6 patients, and no neural or vascular injury was observed. The postoperative radiographs and CT scans verified all of C1 screws with a good position. Conclusion There is a steady anatomic relation between C1 pedicle and C2 lateral mass, the C2 lateral mass could be as a convenient anatomic landmark to determine the location of C1 pedicle and the position of C1 pedicle screw entry point.

Objective To investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP 7), and tissue inhibitor of matalloproteinase 2 (TIMP 2) in lung carcinoma tissue and their significance Methods The expressions of MMP 2, MMP 7, and TIMP 2 in 74 cases of lung carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of peri cancerous normal lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the expressions of these proteins and the clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis was analyzed Results MMP 2 and MMP 7 expressions in lung carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in peri cancerous normal lung tissues ( P 0 05), and the expression of TIMP 2 was significantly lower in lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than that in lung carcinomas without lymph node metastasis ( P

Objective To investigate the biological features of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 on cervical carcinoma cell. Methods The proliferation of HeLa cells under AG1478 stimulation was determined by CCK8 assay. The expression of EGFR downstream signaling protein and apoptotic relative protein were examined by Western blot and transcription of apotosis?related genes were measured by RT?qPCR in AG 1478 treated HeLa cells. Nuclear transport of phosphorylated ERK were measured through ICC assay. TUNEL assay was used to determine early stage of apoptosis. Results CCK8 assay showed that AG1478 inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and also block phosphorylated level of EGFR ,ERK and AKT. Furthermore ,nuclear transport of phosphorylated ERK upon EGF stimulation were blocked and pro?apoptotic proteins were up?regluated with activat ed cleaved Caspases. Conclusion AG1478 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells and it could be a potential therapeutic drug for cervical carcinoma.

Objective To analyse gene mutation in members of a Chinese family with Hailey-Hailey disease(HHD)and study the relationship between the genotype and clinical features of the disease.Meth-ods Genomic DNA of leucocytes were obtained from members of the Chinese family with HHD including4patients and6normal persons.Ten exons of ATP2C1gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and the products were analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP)and direct DNA sequencing.Results A novel mutation was identified in this family.The sequence of"TGTAGCCAT"(2068→2076)was substituded by"AGATGGAACA",which caused a frame shift of open reading frame and premature termination codon(PTC)in gene ATP2C1.There was no relationship between the genotypes and the phenotypes.Conclusion Gene mutation of ATP2C1gene at exon21is the cause for HHD in this fami-ly.