[Objective] To analyse the distribution of antigen phenotypes in the Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems of Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, and to provide data support for the establishment of an expanded blood group antigen phenotype database and the development of expanded blood group coordinated transfusion in blood donors. [Methods] The antigens of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems in Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing were detected by test-tube method, and the Hardy-Weinborg anastomosis of the three blood group systems was calculated. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare the differences in phenotypic distribution frequencies among different regions and ethnic groups. [Results] Han and Tujia blood donors accounted for the highest proportion of CCee in the antigenic phenotype of the Rh blood group system, followed by CcEe, and then Ccee and ccEE. Tujia blood donors accounted for 52.02% of CCee, which was higher than that of Han blood donors (47.24%), while Han blood donors accounted for 32.20% of CcEe, which was higher than that of Tujia blood donors (28.94%). In the antigenic phenotype of the MNS blood group system, the blood donors of Han nationality and Tujia were MN>MM>NN,. The antigen phenotype distribution frequency of the Kidd blood group system was highest for Jk(a+b+) among both Han and Tujia blood donors, and the blood donors of Han nationality were Jk(a+b+)>Jk(a+b+), while those of Tujia were Jk(a-b+)>Jk(a+b-). The antigens of the three blood groups of Han and Tujia blood donors were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg balance(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of antigen phenotypes of the three blood group systems between Han and Tujia blood donors(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Chongqing and Xi'an, Zhejiang, Shantou, Foshan, Nanning and Yangzhou(P<0.05), but not with Guang'an and Shenzhen(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Han, Tujia, Zang, Mongolian, Korean and Hani ethnic groups in Chongqing(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigens between Han blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi, Hainan and Yuncheng, but not with Xi'an and Wenzhou. There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi and Hainan(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, Urumqi and Hainan(P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Kidd antigens between blood donors in Chongqing and Harbin(P<0.05), but not in Huizhou, Wenzhou and Yichang(P>0.05). [Conclusion] The population in Chongqing has multi-ethnic characteristics, and the antigenic phenotypes of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems exhibit diversity and regional differences. Establishing an expanded blood bank can provide more options for precision blood transfusion.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, the types of unexpected antibodies, and their impacts on immunological risks among patients with different frequencies of cross-matching incompatibility, so as to propose corresponding solutions. Methods: Data of cross-matching incompatibility samples from 92 medical institutions during 2022 to 2024 were collected and divided into three groups based on the frequency of cross-matching. Statistical analysis was performed on disease types, distribution of hematologic diseases, alloantibody detection rates, and proportions of alloantibody types. Results: The 858 patients were divided into three groups based on the frequency of blood cross-matching incompatibility: ≥5 times (8.28%, 71/858), 2 to 4 times (28.21%, 242/858); 1 time (63.52%, 545/858). There was a clustered distribution of disease types in the ≥5 cross-matchings group, with 71.83% (51/71) of patients having tumors or hematologic and hematopoietic diseases. In contrast, the disease types in the 2 to 4 cross-matchings and 1 cross-matching groups were more diverse. An analysis of 249 patients with hematologic diseases found that multiple myeloma was the most common disease in all three groups, accounting for 31.43% (11/35), 35.37% (29/82), and 37.88% (50/132) respectively. In the ≥5 cross-matchings group, myelodysplastic syndrome (14.29%, 5/35) and thalassemia (14.29%, 5/35) were the second most common diseases. In contrast, in the 2 to 4 cross-matchings group and 1 cross-matching group, autoimmune hemolytic anemia was the second most common disease, with prevalence rates of 20.73% (17/82) and 24.24% (32/132), respectively. Alloantibodies were detected in 54.66% of the patients, with antibodies against Rh blood group being most frequent (>50%) in all three groups. The detection rates of alloantibodies/alloantibodies with coexisting autoantibodies decreased across groups: the ≥5 cross-matchings group (70.42%, 50/71) > the 2 to 4 cross-matchings group (54.96%, 133/242) > the 1 cross-matching group (52.48%, 286/545). Conclusion: The risk of alloantibody production increases in patients with multiple cross-matching incompatibilities, especially in those with tumors or hematologic diseases. For handling of cross-matching incompatibility cases, it is recommended to optimize the cross-matching process, implement individualized transfusion plans, and enhance the technical capabilities of clinical transfusion departments and blood group reference laboratories to ensure the safety and effectiveness of transfusions.

Microbial-derived metabolites are important mediators of host-microbial interactions. In recent years, the role of intestinal microbial metabolites in colorectal cancer has attracted considerable attention. These metabolites, which can be derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria, strongly influence the progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by regulating inflammation and immune response. Here, we review how microbiome metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, polyamines, microbial tryptophan metabolites, and polyphenols are involved in the tumorigenesis and development of CAC through inflammation and immunity. Given the heated debate on the metabolites of microbiota in maintaining gut homeostasis, serving as tumor molecular markers, and affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years, strategies for the prevention and treatment of CAC by targeting intestinal microbial metabolites are also discussed in this review.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism* ; Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism* ; Colitis/microbiology*

Analyzing the spatial distribution pattern and formation factors of medicinal plant resources can provide a scientific basis for the protection and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources. This study is based on the survey data of medicinal plant resources in 104 county-level administrative regions of Anhui province in the Fourth National Survey of TCM Resources. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis, trend surface analysis, local spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot analysis, and a geodetector were employed to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of medicinal plant richness, and its relationship with natural factors was explored. The results can provide a basis for the formulation of development strategies such as the protection and utilization of TCM resources, as well as offer a scientific foundation for the establishment of regional planning schemes for TCM resources in Anhui province. The results indicated that the richness of medicinal plant resources in Anhui province had significant spatial heterogeneity, exhibiting highly clustered distribution characteristics. Cold spots and hot spots presented clustered distribution patterns, with cold spots mostly located north of the Huaihe River and hot spots south of the Yangtze River. Overall, the distribution of medicinal plant resources in Anhui province showed an overall trend of high in the south and low in the north, which was consistent with the overall geomorphic trend of this province. In addition, natural factors such as altitude, precipitation, and vegetation type played an important role in the diversity and spatial distribution pattern formation of medicinal plant resources. The extraction and analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of natural factors in cold and hot spot regions discovered that the heterogeneity of eco-environments constituted a fundamental condition for the formation of species diversity.
Plants, Medicinal/classification* ; China ; Spatial Analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever outbreaks in schools from Guangzhou in 2024, so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted prevention and control policies and measures. Methods: By using the National Infectious Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System to obtain information on dengue fever cases in Guangzhou from January 1st to December 31st, 2024. Descriptive data analysis was conducted on the temporal distribution, regional distribution, and school distribution of dengue fever outbreaks in schools. A mediation effect model was used to analyze the mediating effect of the time between onset and reporting between the type of school and the occurrence of recurrent cases. Results: In 2024,12.41% (385 cases) of dengue fever cases in Guangzhou involved schools, with 300 schools affected. Among these, 16 schools (5.33%) reported cluster outbreaks, and 24 schools (8.00%) reported secondary cases. The first dengue case at the school was reported at 26 July and the last case was reported at 4 December, the peak reporting period for cases was October 7 to November 3. The incidence of secondary cases in schools in central urban areas (5.19%) was lower than that in suburban schools ( 17.39 %), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=9.15, P <0.01). The time from onset to reporting partially mediated the relationship between school type and the occurrence of recurrent cases ( β=0.23, P <0.05), accounting for 21.50% of the total effect. Conclusions Dengue fever is a key infectious disease facing schools in Guangzhou during summer and autumn. Surveillance of dengue fever outbreaks in schools should be strengthened during the peak season to reduce the risk of cluster outbreaks and the occurrence of secondary cases.

In order to promote the innovative application of Sanjiao theory and Yingwei theory， this paper tries to apply the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation theory to the treatment of tumor diseases， integrating it with T cell exhaustion mechanism to elaborate on its scientific connotation and using network pharmacology and bioinformatics to elucidate the correlation between the anti-tumor mechanism of ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation and T cell exhaustion. The ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation function is closely related to the immunometabolic ability of the human body， and the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation system constitutes the immunometabolic exchange system within and outside the cellular environment. Cancer toxicity is generated by the fuzzy Sanjiao Qi， and the long-term fuzzy Sanjiao Qi is the primary factor leading to T cell exhaustion， which is related to the long-term activation of T cell receptors by the high tumor antigen load in the tumor microenvironment. Qi transformation malfunction of the Sanjiao produces phlegm and collects stasis， which contributes to T cell exhaustion and is correlated with nutrient deprivation， lipid accumulation， and high lactate levels in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment， as well as with the release of transforming growth factor-β and upregulated expression of programmed death receptor-1 by tumor-associated fibroblasts and platelets in the tumor microenvironment. Ying and Wei damage due to Sanjiao Qi transformation malfunction is similar to the abnormal manifestations such as progressive loss of exhausted T cell effector function and disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. Guizhi decoction， Shengming decoction， and Wendan decoction can correct T cell exhaustion and exert anti-tumor effects through multi-target and multi-pathways by regulating ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation， and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） may be one of the main pathways to correct T cell exhaustion. It was found that HIF-1α may be one of the important prognostic indicators in common tumors by bioinformatics. The use of the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation method may play an important part in improving the prognosis of tumor patients in clinical practice.

Objectives To explore the expression, biological function, and mechanism of MKI67 in pancreatic cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The expression level, diagnosis, and prognostic value of MKI67 in pancreatic cancer were analyzed using public databases. We also investigated the association between the MKI67 with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. We analyzed the functional pathway enrichment to uncover the possible molecular mechanisms. qRT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to verify the expression of MKI67 mRNA and protein. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression of MKI67 in tissue protein. Results The high expression of MKI67 was significantly associated with high histological grades and poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer. High MKI67 expression was correlated with poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients (P=0.009). MKI67 was an independent risk factor for the patient outcome (95%CI: 1.084-1.743, P<0.05). The MKI67 expression was positively correlated with the helper T cell 2 levels but negatively correlated with plasmacytoid DC, NK cells, mast cells, the T follicular helper, immune DC, and CD8 T cells. Conclusion MKI67 may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer and the mechanism might be associated with immune escape or immunosuppression.

The outbreak of the COVID -19 has had a big impact on the implementation of clinical trials of tumor drugs and the prevention and control measures such as traffic control and home isolation has caused clinical trials couldn’t proceed normally, so the protection of tumor subjects in clinical trials faces many new challenges. Based on Western and Chinese policies and guidelines on the management of clinical trials during the COVID -19, this paper expounded the impacts of the COVID -19 on tumor patients and tumor clinical trials, analyzed the challenges faced by the protection of tumor subjects in the prevention and control of the COVID -19, and then protected tumor subjects from aspects of optimizing the allocation of health resources, improving non-face-to-face informed consent procedures, strengthening subject visit management, and enhancing clinical trial safety evaluation. It is hoped that these optimization measures can face the future and continue to protect subjects after the end of the epidemic or in new public health emergencies.

Objective By comparison with the surgical resection,to evaluate the relapse-free survival(RFS),overall survival(OS),and clinical safety of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)in the treatment of early primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods From January 2013 to January 2018 at authors'hospital,51 HCC patients received TACE combined with MWA(TACE+MWA group)and 58 HCC patients received surgical resection(RES group).The HCC lesions were single tumor with diameter ≤7 cm or multiple tumors with stage Ⅰ a-Ⅱ a meeting the"up-to-7"criteria.The postoperative RFS,OS,and clinical safety were compared between the two groups.Results The one-,3-and 5-year RFS in the TACE+MWA group were 84.3％,37.3％and 13.7％respectively,which in the RES group were 67.2％,27.6％and 13.8％respectively.The difference in the one-year RFS between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.039),and the differences in the 3-and 5-year RFS between the two groups were not statistically significant(P=0.281 and P=0.992,respectively).The one-,3-and 5-year survival rates in the TACE+MWA group were 98％,62.7％and 45.1％respectively,which in the RES group were 94.8％,75.9％and 44.8％respectively,and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant(P=0.704,P=0.137 and P=0.977 respectively).No treatment-related death occurred in both groups.In the TACE+MWA group,the main complications included transient embolism syndrome,abdominal pain during ablation procedure,and mild to moderate transient elevation of transaminase after treatment.In the RES group,the main postoperative complications included fever,pleural effusion,abdominal effusion,and intraoperative bleeding;and in one patient the postoperative liver function impairment worsened to Child grade C.The average cost of hospitalization in the TACE+MWA group was(39 834.98±6 717.38)Chinese yuan,which in the RES group was(49 042.59±11 810.69)Chinese yuan,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.017).The hospitalization length in the TACE+MWA group was 23 days(19-28 days),which in the RES group was 21 days(17-25 days),and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.196).Conclusion For the treatment of early HCC,TACE combined with MWA has reliable curative effect,and also has the advantages of being safe and economical.Therefore,this therapy can be used as a preferred option of non-surgical treatment for single tumor with ≤7 cm diameter or multiple tumors with stage Ⅰ a-Ⅱa meeting"up-to-7"criteria.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:488-494)