Glucosylceramide synthase(GCS) plays an important role in ceramide metabolism and can block apoptosis signal pathway which is mediated by ceramide. Recently, studies have demonstrated that overex-pression of GCS exists in various muhidrug resistant cancer cell lines and is related to drug resistant pheno-type. A possible connection between GCS and P-gp is also suggested. Moreover,the level of GCS can be down-regulated to increase tumor cells sensitivity by chemical inhibitor and RNA interference. Thus, inhibition of ac-tivity and expression of GCS is a new mechanism of reversing muhidrug resistance.

The mental health state of the 256 fourth-year medical students of Kunming Medical College was preliminarily analyzed by requiring. The students fill in the inquiry sheets (questionare) in a question-and-answer way. The ages of these 136 male and 120 female students ranged from 19 to 23 years old, and the self-desiged 109 items of the investigation were induced into 8 aspects related to the mental health such as the outlook on life etc. The result showed that these are differences between the mental health state of the senior medical students and the traditional ideas, morality, manners of education etc. Some initial points of view were put toward.

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of children chronic cough,especially in those aged 1 ～ 6 years.It is defined by the presence of persistent wet cough for longer than 4 weeks,but lacks of symptoms or signs of other alternative diagnosis of chronic cough.It shows a normal or near-normal chest radiograph,a intense neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and a chronic purulent bronchitis under bronchochoscopy,and usually resolves after two-week course of appropriate oral antibiotic (usually amoxicillin-clavulanatc).So far,PBB hasn't been fully recognized by most pediatricians,and often been unrecognised or misdiagnosed as asthma.In this paper,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hyperoxia in neonatal rats.Met-hods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD)clean neonatal rats,which were less than 12 hours old,were enrolled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:air-exposed control group(group A);air-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group B);hype-roxia-exposed control group(group C);hyperoxia-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group D).The neonatal rats of group B and group D were intraperitoneally injected with Ligustrazine[30 mg/(kg?d)] in solution of normal saline(NS),group A and group C were intraperitoneally given the same dose of NS.On 14th day,10 rats of each group were randomly chosen and then killed,the pulmonary pathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope.The area percentages of collagen fibers were measured by Masson staining and imaging analysis.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by the area percentages of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results On the 14th day of the exposure,the histopathologic examination demonstrated broadened lung interstitium and reduced alveolar quantity and lung fibrosis were developed in group C;Ligustrazine treatment obviously alle-viated the changes of lung histomorphology.The newborn rats in group C had lower body weight compared that of with group A,B(Pa0.05).Conclusion Early use of Ligustrazine can decrease the severity of the pulmonary fibrosis of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

The genesis of malignant tumor is proved to be mainly caused by regulatory disturbance of cell cycle,in which p27 protein and cyclin D1 protein are major regulators.Cyclin D1 and p27 are positive andnegative regulator respeetively.Recently,redueed expression of p27 protein and overexpression of cyclinD1 pro-tein are found in various eaacers.It has been demonstrated that p27and cyelinD1 are closely associated with the genesis and development of many cancers.Cell cycle and its regulatory has become the focus in tumor research.

Eighty-six patients with community-acquired pneumonia who suffered from cerebrovascular sequelae were admitted to hospital from 2005 to 2007.Patients were randomized into ticarcillin sodium/clavulanate potassium group and cefuroxime Sodium group.Sputum culture was performed for each case before and after treatment.Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 74%of infection,and the most common pathogens were klebsiella pneumoniae(26%)and Escherichia coli(14%).The response rates in two groups were 93%and 72%,respectively(χ2=6.54,P＜0.05).Bacteria eradication rates in two groups were 90%and 62%,respectively(χ2=6.00,P＜0.05).Ticarcillin sodium and clavulanate potassium is an effective antibiotic for community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients with cerebrovascular sequelae.

Objective　To study the role of α1-antichymotrypsin(α1-ACT)in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma for providing a theoretical base for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods　Levels of plasma α1-ACT in 30 asthmatic children and 30 healthy children were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Results　Plasma α1-ACT levels were higher in acute phase than in paroxysmal phase ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2865±0.0799), t=6.301,P<0.001］ and also higher in asthma group than in control group ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2876±0.0496),t=7.474,P<0.001］. The plasma α1-ACT levels in asthma group and control of paroxysmal phase were similor ［(0.2865±0.0799) vs (0.2876±0.0496),t=0.064, P>0.05］. The levels of plasma α1-ACT were higher in moderate and heavily attacked patients than that in mild attacked patients ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.3249±0.0926),t=4.187,P<0.001］ and those in control group ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.2865±0.0799),t=9.38,P<0.001］. Conclusion　α1-ACT is involved in pathophysiological course of childhood asthma. Measurement of plasma α1-ACT levels may be helpful in determining the state of the illness and to evaluate the severity and treatment of childhood asthma.

Interleukin-32 is a newly descovered cytokine. In vivo and in vitro studies show that it inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of colon cancer and melanoma by inhibiting NF-κB and signaling and transcription activated factor 3 pathways.In addition,IL-32 suppresses tumor growth in different ways in chronic myelogenous leukemia,sarcoma and prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between GDNF and ChAT Mrna and their potential role in the diabetic cognitive dysfunction by observing the change of the expression of GDNF and ChAT mRNA in brain under different blood glucose levels in STZ induced diabetic rats.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetic group without blood glucose control( DM1 group),diabetic rats treated with insulin group( DM2 group),and normal control group( NC group).Blood glucose and body weight were detected every 4 weeks.Twelve weeks later,the hippocampus were submitted for cryostat sections which were subjected to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) for GDNF and ChAT mRNA.ResultsThe expression of GDNF mRNA and ChAT mRNA in the hippocampus have negative correlation with HbAlc level( r =-0.962,-0.974,all P ＜ 0.001 );The GDNF expression had positive correlation with the ChAT mRNA expression( r =0.974,P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionLongterm chronic hyperglycation caused the “downregulation” of the GDNF expression in the hippocampal,which could cause the central cholinergic dysfunction symbled with the decrease of ChAT mRNA expression and the decline of learning and cognition ability.

Objective To study the efficacy of suction combined with ligation and injection of Xiaozhiling in treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Methods 244 patients with internal hemorrhoids were treated using suction combined with ligation and injection of Xiaozhiling,and followed up for 3～6 months after treatment. Results 236 cases were cured,and the cure rate was 96.7% ;244 cases were effective,and the effective rate was 100%. Conclusion Treatment with internal hemorrhoids using suction combined with ligation and injection of Xiaozhiling was the ideal way to treat internal hemorrhoids. This method was more effective and safer than the traditional way, with the advantages of shorter time of inpatient stay and earlier return to normal activity with no harm and suffering.