There is persuasive clinical and experimental evidence that macrophages promote cancer initiation and malignant progression. The aggregation of macrophages indicates poor prognosis of tumor associated diseases. During tumor initiation, macrophages create an inflammatory environment that is mutagenic to cells and promotes cell growth; as tumors progressing, macrophages create premetastatic niche for the arriving tumor cells at premetastatic sites ; then macrophages provide critical nutrients for these initial metastatic tumor cells.Along with these great achievements in research of macrophage, it is believed that several novel directions of tumor therapy surely occur in the future.

ObjectiveTo research collateral pathways and collateral grading through digital subtract angiography(DSA) and their relation to clinical prognosis.MethodsCollateral pathways and collateral grading of 49 cases suffered from severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (70% -99% ) were assessed through DSA.Incidence of stroke,TIA or cerebral hemorrhage were observed in the following 12 months.Results①In all the subjects,no collateral pathway exist in 9 cases(18.9%),and primary and secondary collateral pathways occurred in 39(79.6% ) and 25(51.0%)cases.Pathway is not related to clinical prognosis.②There were 9 ,15 and 25 cases in 0 grade,1 -2 grade and 3 -4 grade collateral circulation and the complication ratio is 44.4%,50.66% and 24.00% respectively.Incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is significantly higher in 3 - 4 grade patinets than those in 0 and 1 - 2 grade pation(x2 =4.856,3.242;all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsCollateral levels but not pathway were correlated with clinical prognosis in patients with severe stenosis of internal carotid artery.

ObjectivesTo discuss the safety of surgical treatment and the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for the elderly patients with gastric cancer. MethodsThe clinical and pathological materials of 104 elderly patients(65 years old or above) undergone surgical treatments retrospectively were analyzed,in order to analysis the postoperative complication incidence and the short-term outcomes in different age groups and different surgical pattern groups.ResultsThere were more preoperative comorbidities in ≥75 years old group than in ＜75 years old group(especially hypertension and diabetes),however,the incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different.There was no difference of preoperative comorbidities, postoperative complications, surgical time or the amouts of blood loss during surgery between the laparoscopic and the traditional surgical groups,while the laparoscopic groups had short period of postoperative hospitalizing and earlier orally intake of fluid diet. There was also no difference of pathological results.ConclusionThe elderly patients with gastric cancer should have surgical treatments if the conditions are permitted, and the areas of dissection should be standard as far as possible. The old patient undergone laparoscopic surgery may have a shorter hospitalized period after operation, because their recovery of bowel function is more quickly.

As a stable marker to reflect the average level of blood glucose,HbA1c is very important in glycaemic control evaluation.However,more and more data from evidence based medicine demonstrated that blood glucose fluctuation can also contribute to diabetic complication and prognosis which can not be neglected.Multiple capillary glucose measurements and continuous glucose monitoring are major methods to detect glucose fluctuation.Apart from insulin,various oral anti-diabetic drugs can reduce postprandial glucose excursion.Representative drugs include ?-glycosidase inhibitors,glinides and short-acting sulfonylureas,each have their own way of acting. Abstract:Summ ary:As a stab le m arker to reflect the average level of b lood glucose,HbA1c is very important in glycaem ic control evaluation.However,more and more data from evidence based m ed ic ine demonstrated that b lood glucose fluctuation can also contribute to d iabetic comp lication and prognosis wh ich can not be neglected.Mu ltip le cap illary glucose m easurem ents and continuous glucose mon itoring are m ajorm ethods to detect glucose fluctuation.Apart from insu lin,various oral anti-d iabetic drugs can reduce postprand ial glucose excursion.Representative drugs inc lude?-glycosidase inh ib itors,glin ides and short-acting su lfonylureas,each have the ir own way of acting.

Objective: To investigate the expression of mage-a mRNA in lung cancer tissues of mice induced by coal tar pitch(CTP) fume and to discuss the above model for lung cancer immunotherapy with mage-a. Methods: Tumor tissue samples of lung cancer and paired non-tumor tissues were obtained from 8 lung cancer mice. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Nested polymerase chain reaction amplification using mage-a specific primer was performed to detect the expression of mage-a. The 2 clones of mage-a mRNA positive PCR products were sequenced by DNAs sequencer (PE-377). Results: Of 29 mice in the experimental group, 8 were induced to lung cancer.Among which 5 (5/8) expressed mage-a mRNA. The expression of mage-a gene was not found in adjacent lung tissues. The DNA sequencing confirmed that the target gene fragments in 2 samples of PCR products were mage-a cDNA. Conclusion: The mage-a gene is highly expressed in lung cancer in mice induced by CTP fume, suggesting that CTP-induced lung cancer in mice may be an ideal animal model for lung cancer therapeutic experiment with MAGE-A.

After receiving radical resection of primary rectal cancer,about 4％ to 30％ patients would occur local recurrence.Diagnosis of local recurrence relies on postoperative follow-up,physical examination,tumor markers and imageological examination.For the local recurrent patients,conservative therapeutic regimen had been popular in the past days with poor prognosis and quality of life.Nowadays multimodality treatment with radical resurgery combined with chemoradiotherapy and IORT has been taking the main part in the management of local recurrence.The choice of surgery depends on the site of recurrence and invasion situation inside the pelvic cavity.The aim of the radical reoperation is R0 resection because it leads to an optimistic prognosis.Previously irradiated patients are relatively safe after receiving median-dose reirradiation.For the cases whose recurrence are unavailable for radical resection,palliative operation and chemoradiotherapy may be the wise choice to relieve their symptoms and improve the quality of life.

Objective To examine the distribution and expression of dentin matrix protein1 ( DMP1 ) in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of osteoporosis rats. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months (n=30)wererandomlydividedinto3groups. TheShamgroupunderwentshamoperationonly(n=10),theOVX group ( n = 10 ) received a bilateral ovariectomy first and then saline solution treatment subcutaneously for 3 months. The RIS group ( n=10 ) also received a bilateral ovariectomy and then with risedronate treatment ( 2. 4μg/kg) subcutaneously for 3 months. Three months after the operation, the animals were sacrificed. Toluidine blue staining showed the structure changes of rat condylar cartilage region. The changes of osteoclasts in the bony subcondylar region were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) staining. The expression of DMP1 was analyzed immunohistochemically and then performed by semi-quantitative imaging analyses. Results Toluidine blue staining showed a thickened hypertrophic layers of condylar cartilage in RIS group. The results of TRAP staining indicated that the number of osteoclasts was significantly greater in OVX group than RIS group (P<0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that DMP1 localized mainly in the chondrogenic layers and osteocytes, bony subcondylar region in three groups. The expression levels of DMP1 proteins statistically decreased in OVX group than the other two groups(both P<0. 05). Conclusion Bisphophonates may reduce the the number of osteoclasts in the condyle from osteoporosis rats, with increasing of the expression of DMP1, which may influences condylar cartilage biomineralization.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The number of apoptotic cels in rat condylar cartilage and subcondylar region: the sham operation group < the treatment group < the model group (alP< 0.05). (2)Expression of Bcl-2: The trend of the model group was lower than that in the sham operation group, although there was no statisticaly significant difference between the two groups; Bcl-2 expression in the treatment group was statisticaly higher compared to the model group (P< 0.05).(3)Expression of Bax and Caspase-3: The expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (alP< 0.05), while Bax and Caspase-3 expression was lower in the treatment group than that in the model group (alP< 0.05). The results suggested that bisphophonates can regulate apoptosis in condylar cartilage from osteoporosis rats by changing the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of the plasma concentrations of isoniazid(INH)and its metabolite acetyl-isoniazid(AcINH).METHODS:Trichloroacetic acid was added to plasma to precipitate protein,then the supernatant was divided into 2 parts,distilled water was added to the first part;while HCl was added to the second one,after incubated at 80℃for 1 hour,1%cinnamaldehyde was added to perform precolumn derivatization.The column was Hypersil BDS C 18 ,the mobil phase was eluted with0.02mol/L NaH 2 PO 4 (pH=4.0)-acetontrile(69∶31)and detected wave-length was 340nm,the flow fate was1ml/min.RESULTS:INH detectable concentration showed a good linear correlation in the range of 0.57～145.88?mol/L,the average recoveries of INH and AcINH were 101.1% and 101.5% respectively,the average RSD within or between day was less than 10%.CONCLUSION:The present method is applicable to monitoring of INH plasma concentration and the study of metabolism capacity of N-acetyltransferase.

Objective To study the preparation and stability of paclitaxel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( PTX-SMEDDS) . Methods The formulation of the PTX-SMEDDS was optimized by monitoring the appearance, particle size, concentration, relative substance, and bacterial endotoxin. Influence of different pH and different dosage of activated carbon on PTX-SMEDDS was investigated. Subsequently it was subjected to stability studies. Results The PTX-SMEDDS was a translucent diluted-yellow solution with a mean diameter of 19. 6 nm. High speed centrifugal test indicated PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The result of the influential factor tests showed PTX-SMEDDS was unstable to high temperature and light. In the accelerated tests for 6 months, the quality of PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The samples should be sealed and stored at low temperature and shady place. Conclusion Easily prepared and stable formulation of PTX-SMEDDS is achieved, and further investigation is warranted to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for injection.