Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) is one of common non-syndromic hearing disorders. With the rapid development of medical imaging, audiology, molecular biology, genetics, cochlear implant surgery, we have made remarkable achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. This article reviewed related researches of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
Cochlear Implants ; Hearing Disorders ; genetics ; Humans ; Vestibular Aqueduct ; abnormalities ; Vestibular Diseases ; genetics

Objective To investigate the mechanism for rhein to improve the insulin sensitivity in diabetes mellitus. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC,n=15) and diabetic group (DM,n=40) induced by STZ and high-fat diet.Diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetic control group (DM-C,n=15) and diabetic group treated with rhein (DM-T,n=15).Then DM-T group was given intragastric administration with rhein at the dose of 100 mg/ (kg-1?d-1) for 11 weeks.FBG,fasting serum insulin (FIns),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and other biochemical parameters in each group were measured.The protein expressions of PPAR-? and GluT-4 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results At the end of the 17th week,compared with NC group,DM-C group showed higher FBG and TG,lower ISI,lower protein expressions of PPAR-? and GluT-4 in the adipose tissue.Compared with DM-C group,DM-T group showed lower FBG [(15.73?3.08 vs 22.57?3.23) mmol/l,P

Objective The purpose of our study was to report the results of using arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair in patients who had an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion with significant glenoid bone loss. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 49 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability with a mean duration of follow-up of 29.0 months (24-35 months). At the time of surgery the mean age of 42 men and 7 women was 28.4 years. All patients were diagnosed as recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a bony lesion of glenoid and an engaging HillSachs lesion. An arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair using metal anchor was performed in all cases.ASES score, Constant-Murley score and Rowe score were used to evaluate the stability and the function of the shoulder. Results Patients' active forward elevation significantly(P=0.007) improved from 162.9°±17.1°preoperatively to 170.9°±7.4° at final follow-up. The external rotation was 56.0°±17.6° before the surgery compared with the 54.1°±17.1° postoperatively(P=0.511 ). The ASES score, Constant-Murley score and Rowe score was 84.7±11.3, 93.3±8.7 and 36.8±8.5 preoperatively compared with 96.0±3.4, 97.8±3.6 and 89.8±12.5 postoperatively. Significant difference could be found with regard to ASES score (P=0.000), ConstantMurley score (P=0.005) and Rowe score (P=0.000). One redislocation happened and a subluxation was noticed in three patients (8.3%). Conclusion Arthroscopic Remplissage combined with Bankart repair can achieve satisfactory for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation accompany with engaging Hill-Sachs lesion.

Objective To study the influence of early dynamization of interlocking intramedullary nail on the treatment effect of the patients with lower limb fracture .Methods 62 patients with lower limb fracture treated with interlocking intramedullary nail in our hospital from June 2010 to March 2012 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group and the obser-vation group with 31 cases in each group according to random number table .The control group was treated with routine treatment method ,while the observation group was treated with early dynamization .Then the Johner-Wruch score ,healing time ,rate of ad-verse fracture healing ,incidence rate of complications and fracture healing related factors before and after the treatment were ana-lyzed and compared .Results The Johner-Wruch score excellent and good rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group ,the healing time was shorter than that of the control group ,the rate of adverse fracture healing and the incidence rate of complications were lower than those of the control group ,the fracture healing related factors after treatment were all better than those of the control group ,the differences had statistical significance (all P<0 .05) .Conclusion The early dynamization of interloc-king intramedullary nail has the better effect for treating lower limb fracture and its influence on the fracture healing related factors is better too .

Objective To determine the current prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult residents in Chinese developed areas.Methods The clinical data of 6614 adult residents,including 4051 women,from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces from China Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study (2007-2008) were analyzed.Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were calculated according to the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS),US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (ATP Ⅲ),International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS),respectively.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of MS.Results Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were 17.88％ (CDS),28.50％ (ATP Ⅲ),21.99％ (IDF) and 31.50％ (JIS),respectively.The prevalences of residents with at least one metabolic abnormality were 67.86％ (CDS) 79.56％ (ATP Ⅲ),79.62％ (IDF) and 80.74％ (JIS),respectively.MS was more common in female than in male by the ATPⅢ and IDF criterion (ATPⅢ:30.63％ vs 26.45％,P ＜0.01 ; IDF:26.04％ vs 17.91％,P ＜ 0.01),while the prevalence was higher in male by CDS criteria (15.94％ vs 19.87％,P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the MS prevalence between the rural and the urban residents.Kappa test showed ATP Ⅲ and JIS criteria were most homogenous (κ =0.95,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for MS by the logistic regression model were male,older age,lower degree of education,family history of hypertension and obesity,drinker as well as uncontrolled diet.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is high in the adult residents of Chinese developed areas (Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces),whatever diagnostic criterion was used.Effective measures should be taken to control the modifiable MS risk factors.

AIM: To study the determination of 5 kinds of cholic acid content. METHODS: Using single standard substitue (SSS), we assayed 5 kinds of cholic acid, such as cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, hyodexycholic acid, chenodeoxychoilc acid and ursodeoxycholic acid by HPLC/ELSD. and studied the influence of the additive substitutes (such as rabbit Serum, urine and Qingkailing extract) on the measure values. RESULTS: By using any one of the 5 kinds of cholic acid standard, the content in all the 5 kinds of cholic acid could be determined. CONCLUSION: Simply as well as credibly, the SSS method could be used in quality analysis, especially in complex matrix. Also, it proved a feasible way in quality control and research of fingerprint chromatography of TCM.

Objective: To establish two methods (HPLC UV and HPLC ELSD)for the determination of 3 kinds of cholic acids in Qingkailing Injection, and compare them with UV method. Methods: Two HPLC methods detected by UV and ELSD, respectively have been developed: Phenomenex Luna C 18 column(250mm?4.6mm,5?)with linear gradient elution using methanol acetotrile(4∶1) and 0.1% aqueous formic acid. Results: Three kinds of cholic acids in Qingkailing could be determined simultaneously by HPLC UV and HPLC ELSD. The recovery of three method were 100%,97%,95%～96% for HPLC/ELSD,HPLC/UV,UV, respectively. Conclusion: The HPLC ELSD method was accurate and specific to determine the content of cholic acids in Qingkailing Injection.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the SALL4 expression, proliferation and apoptosis in the LNCaP cells after transfection of SALL4 siRNA.METHODS: The expression of SALL4 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.MTS assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the prolifer-ation, colony formation ability and apoptosis of the LNCaP cells.The effect of SALL4 on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with negative control group, the expression of SALL4 at mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP cells was down-regulated by transfection of SALL4 siRNA ( P<0.05 ) .The proliferation rate and colony formation ability were decreased, while apoptosis rate increased in si-SALL4 group (P<0.05).Higher expres-sion of Bax and lower expression of Bcl-2 in si-SALL4 group were observed ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION:Down-regula-tion of SALL4 by siRNA not only suppresses LNCaP cell proliferation and colony formation, but also inhibits Bcl-2 expres-sion and activates Bax expression to induce apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Autologous bone, bone substitute materials and guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique can repair jaw defects, but the absorption speed of bone substitute materials and GBR membrane are faster than the formation speed of new bone, therefore, it affects the volume and shape of new bone.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of personalized prefabricated titanium template, autologous bone and nano-hydroxyapatite on restoration of maxillary defect in rabbit.METHODS: A total of 18 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, and maxillary alveolar defect with 10 mm length and 5 mm high was created. The template was implanted in both two groups, and fastened with titanium screws. Autologous and nano-hydroxyapatite were placed into the defect in experimental group; neither autologous bone nor bone substitute materials were implanted into the defect in control group. New bone formation, X-ray findings, and histological changes with HE stain were carded out 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The quality of new bone in experimental group was batter than that in control group 4 weeks postoperatively, but the quality of new bone was almost the same 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. By paired t-test, there was significant difference in new bone density between the experimental group and the control group 4 .weeks after operation (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in new bone density between the experimental group and the control group 8 and 12 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). Autologous bone and nano-hydroxyapatite can restore the defect of maxillary alveola.Personalized prefabricated titanium template can play an important role of screen membrane and external scaffold in new bone formation, and remain shape of new bone.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and complications of modified facial mask for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in elderly patients with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 132 elderly patients(107 males and 25 female,aged 78.5±8.6 years) treated with NIV from February 2008 to May 2011 were randomized into two groups:modified facial mask(group A,n=68,56 males and 12 females,aged 78.8±22.2 years) and control facial mask(group B,n=64,64 males and 13 females,aged 76.6±20.4 years).Duration of NIV,time in RICU(respiratory intensive care unit),length of hospital stay,risk for hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP),risk for invasive ventilation,cure rates,in-hospital mortality,NIV failure rate and cost were compared between the two groups.The complications of NIV,such as oropharyngeal dryness,skin damage of face and nose,abdominal bloating,gas leakage from mask were also compared between the two groups.Results Compared with group B,duration of NIV(12.2±2.3 d vs.18.4±3.6d),time in RICU(7.3±3.2d vs.14.6t5.4d),length of in hospital stay(16.6±4.2d vs.28.2±6.2)d,and cost(2.23±0.12 ten thousand yuan vs.4.23± 0.24 ten thousand yua) in group A were significantly decreased(t=9.72,14.91,13.08,10.81 respectively,all P＜0.05).The risk for invasive ventilation [2.9％ (2 cases) vs.43.8％(28 cases)],NIV failure rate [5.9％ (4 cases) vs.12.5％ (28 cases)] were also decreased in group A compared with group B(x2 =31.26,25.74,both P＜0.05).Compared with group B,The complications of NIV such as skin damage of face and nose[4.4％ (3 cases) vs.37.5％ (24 cases)],abdominal bloating [2.9％ (2 cases) vs.28.1％ (18 cases)],gas leakage from mask [8.8 ％ (6 cases)vs.50％(32 cases)] in group A were significantly decreased(x2 =31.26,25.74,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Modified facial mask for NIV is effective in the treatment of elderly patients with respiratory failure.The complications and in-hospital mortality are reduced with the application of modified facial mask for NIV and it is highly tolerated by patients.Modified facial mask for NIV is the first choice in the treatment in elderly patients with respiratory failure.