Fiber bronchoscopy has been used in pediatric for decades,and has became the important diagnostic tools in pediatric respiratory diseases.with the improvement of fiber bronchoscope equipment and the advancement of operation technology,fiber bronchoscope has been expanded unceasingly in pediatric, especially in the critically ill children.As a common critical disease in pediatric,severe pneumonia is urgent, serious and high rate of mortality.As the effect of conventional antibiotic treatment is not ideal in current, while fiber bronchoscopy with the dual function of examination and treatment makes it use more and more widely in children with severe pneumonia.Fiber bronchoscopy can improve the effect of treatment in children with severe pneumonia,short the course of the disease,improve the prognosis of children,reduce the rate of mortality.

To improve the inulinase application in biotechnology, the characteristic of inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01 was investigated. The inu gene of K. marxianus YX01 was transformed into Pichiapastoris GS115 host cells with molecular biology techniques. Then we achieved the heterologous expression of exo-inulinase whose molecular mass was about 86.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Furthermore, six His-tag was added to the inulinase and a two-step method was applied in the purification of inulinase, including concentration via dialysis by polyethylene glycol 20 000 and metal Ni-NTA Agarose affinity adsorption. The purification factor of purified protein was 3.6 and the recovery rate of enzyme activity was 33.1%. We characterized the purified inulinase. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and pH was 4.62. When inulin and sucrose were used as substrates, the K(m) and V(max) values were 80.53 g/L vs 4.49 g/(L x min) and 183.10 g/L vs 20.20 g/(L x min), respectively. In addition, metal ions including Mn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ exhibited different degrees of inhibition on the enzyme activity, and Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ exhibited the most significant inhibition. Our findings might lay a good foundation for industrial application of inulinase.
Glycoside Hydrolases ; chemistry ; genetics ; Industrial Microbiology ; Inulin ; Kluyveromyces ; enzymology ; genetics ; Pichia ; Sucrose ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the effect of ANX A1 on the biological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinom cells by interfering with the expression of Annexina A1 (ANX A1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through small interfering RNAs (siRNA).Methods The designed highly efficient siRNA was used to conduct the specific interfence on ANXA1 expression in the papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells.The effect of ANXA1 on TPC-1 apoptosis in PTC was observed by flow cytometry.Results The designed siRAN could efficiently inhibit the expression of ANXA1 mRNA in PTC,enhanced the cell apoptosis in TPC-1 cells in vitro.Conclusion siRNA can interfere with the expression of ANXA1 and promote the apoptosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma which suggesting that ANXA1 may be an important biological target for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

AIM Xiaobuxin-Tang (XBXT) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction which is composed of Haematitum, Flos Inulae, Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis and Semen Sojae Preparatum. The present study was to investigate if the total flavonoids extracted from XBXT (XBXT-2) had antidepressant effect. METHODS Forced swimming tests in mice and rats, and learned helplessness (LH) model of rats were adopted to affirm the antidepressant effect of XBXT-2 with the test on spontaneous motor activity. Plasma corticosterone level in the LH rats was measured with ELISA. RESULTS Single administraton of XBXT-2 at the doses of 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 (ig) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in the forced swimming tests in mice and rats. Researches on LH model of rats indicated that XBXT-2 at doses of 50 and 25 mg·kg-1 markedly reduced the number of escape failure in shuttle box. Meanwhile, the plasma corticosterone level of the LH rats was significantly decreased. XBXT-2 50-200 mg·kg-1 had no effects on spontaneous motor activity in mice. CONCLUSION XBXT-2 possesses significant antidepressant-like effect. The mechanism may involve the inhibition of the hyperaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Objective To explore the changes of plasma corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) levels in the young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Two hundred and forty young rats were randomly divided into three groups:hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group ( model group,n =80),sham-operated group ( n =80),and normal control group ( n =80).The plasma CRF levels of rats in three groups were detected at 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,l d,3 d,5 d and 18 d after hypoxia-ischemia,per ten rats for each time point.Plasma CRF levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Plasma CRF levels of model group,shamoperated group and normal control group showed no significant difference in the young rats after 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞ 0.05 ).But plasma CRF levels in the model group were respectively significantly lower than those of sham-operated group and normal control group after 1 d and 3 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＜0.001 ),and then recovered to the control group levels after 5 d and 18 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞0.05 ).Conclusion Hypoxia-ischemia affects plasma CRF levels in the young rats,which is related with the duration after hypoxia-ischemia.

Objective To investigate the renal angiographic manifestations of severe hemorrhage following minimally invasive pereutaneous nephrostolithotomy (MPCNL), and to evaluate the technique of super-selective renal arterial embolization in treating the condition. Methods Forty-eight cases of severe hemorrhage following MPCNL treated with super selective renal arterial embolization in our department were retrospectively reviewed. The angiographic findings, results and complications of embolization procedures were analyzed. Results Two cases were of acute hemorrhage immediately after MPCNL, and the other 46 cases were of delayed hemorrhage 2 to 7 days after MPCNL. Of these 48 cases, 25 (52.1%) showed simple pseudo-aneurysms, 6 (12.5%) pseudo-aneurysms accompanied with arterial-venous shunts, 1 (2.1%) pseudo-aneurysm with extravasated contrast medium, 11 (22.9%) arterial-venous fistulas, 2 (4.2%) extravasated contrast medium from arterial branches, 1 (2.1%) renal capsular branches varix, 2 (4.2%) no lesion detected. Successful super-selective embolization was achieved in all 46 positive cases, and renal hemorrhage was stanched consequently. Polyvinyl alcohol foam embolization particles (PVA), gelfoam and coils were used in the procedures (PVA in 18 procedures, PVA +coil in 5, gelfoam in 10, geffoam + coil in 11, PVA + gelfoam + coil in 2). Post-embolization syndrome of various degrees were seen in all treated patients. A slight rise in blood creatinine levels was observed in 12 cases. Conclusion Super selective renal arterial angiography and embolization is the treatment of choice in patients who suffered severe hemorrhage due to MPCNL.

Objective:To investigate the long-term toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11) in cynomolgus. Methods: Eighteen cynomolgus were randomized into 4 groups: control group(2/sex), low dose group(2/sex), medium dose group(2/sex)， and high dose group(3/sex). The drug groups were sc adminstered 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of rhIL-11 for 90 days with a 30-day recovery period. The clinical signs were observed, electrocardiogram, hematological, biochemical, urinary and immunological parameters were measured, organ masses were weighed, bone marrow and pathological histology were observed. Results: The food consumption, body mass of the drug groups were decreased, the body temperature was increased transiently. One of the low dose group showed restricted movements and tremors. One of the high dose group vomited and another died. Reduced red blood cell(RBC) count, hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit(Hct), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), dose-related increase of platelet(Plat) counts were present in drug groups. Biochemical examinations revealed dose-related decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), total proteins(TP) and albumin(Alb) increases in serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels. Positive antibody responses were seen and circulatory immune complex(CIC) was significantly increased in all drug groups. Hypertropy of marrow megakaryocyocytes was noted in the medium and high dose groups. The heart and liver masses were slightly increased in all treatment groups. Treatment-related microscopic findings included dose-related degeneration in the liver and the kidney. The adverse effects were reversed by the end of the recovery period. Conclusion: The target organs and systems are blood, liver, kidney, immmue system and bone marrow. The toxicity injuries were reversible and the no-toxic-effect level is 0.1 mg/kg.

Objective To explore the value of F wave recording in evaluating facial nerve function and its pathological changes in the pressure-induced rat models of acoustic neurinoma. Methods 58 rats in different groups were conducted F wave recording and biotinylated dextran amine(BDA) retrograde tracing for their right facial nerve one week after establishing models. Their latencies, amplitudes and F/M rates were analyzed first. 72 hours after BDA was injected into right whisker muscle, the rats were infused with 4% polyoxymethylene, then pontines and facial nerves in the CPA cistern were obtained. Pontiues were cut into frozen sections for histochemical staining with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-DAB and Nissl 's counterstaining, calculating the positive BDA neurons ratio(BDA+-N%)in facial nuclear. Facial nerves were cut and stained with toluidine blue for light-micrescope inspection, and/or stained for transmission electron microscope observation. Correlating F/M with BDA+-N% and the facial nerve pathological findings. Results F/M are 97.66 % and 97.48 % in normal and pseudo-operation group, respectively, when stimulus are 1.4 mA; while 77.13 %, 48.91% and 11.54 % in from small to large tumor model groups because F waves were delayed in latencies or increasinglylost (P <0.001). Similarly, BDA+-N% are 98.37 % and 97.96 % in the above two control groups, while 77.28 %, 48.28 % and 11.55 % in from small to large tumor model groups (P < 0.001). Thus F/M are positively correlated with their BDA+-N% in all groups (r =0.996,P <0.001). Facial nerve examinations under light and electron microscope show increasing pathological changes along with increasing "tumor" size. Conclusion The findings of F wave recording in facial nerve may reflect its functional status and pathological changes. Therefore, F wave detection may help electrophysiological monitoring during acoustic neurinoma resection and facial nerve function evaluation after surgery.

Objective To analysis the modified Gleason scoring system for predicting the prognosis after radical prostatectomy.Methods A total of 242 patients who received radical prostatectomy from April,2006 to October 2011 were recruited.The patients who lost follow-up or had adjuvant radiation or hormonal therapy or had visceral or bone metastasis were excluded,the remaining 168 patients were evaluated in the present study.The patients' age ranged from 53 to 85 years old (mean age 69 years old).The mean PSA level was 13.31ng/ml (ranging from 4.59 to 36.12 ng/ml).According to the traditional Gleason scoring system,there were 50 patients in Gleason ≤ 6 group,86 patients in Gleason 7 group and 32 patients in Gleason≥8 group.Patients were divided in five groups according to the modified Gleason scoring system.There were 50 patients in Gleason ≤6 group,67 in Gleason 3 + 4 group,19 in Gleason 4 + 3 group,15 in Gleason 8 group and 17 in Gleason 9-10 group.The biochemical-free-survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the clinical and pathological variables for the development of biochemical recurrence.ROC curve analysis was used to determine the predicted value for 5-year BCR of modified and traditional Gleason scoring.Results Significant differences were noted between the modified Gleason scoring groups and traditional Gleason scoring groups in PSA value (P =0.005),pathological stage (P =0.002),extraprostatic extension (P =0.003),seminal vesicle invasion (P =0.004),lymph node involvement (P =0.049) and positive surgical margin (P =0.006).With a median follow-up of 68 months(ranging from 7 to 98 months),5-year BFS rates for men with Gleason grade ≤6,3 + 4,4 + 3,8 and 9-10 tumours on RP pathology were 84.0％ (42/50),76.1％ (51/67),57.9％(11/19),40.0％ (9/15),29.4％ (5/17),respectively.On multivariate analysis,the HR value of Gleason 3 + 4 group and Gleason 4 + 3 group were 1.736 and 2.075 (P ＜ 0.05).The area under the curve in modified and traditional Gleason scoring were 0.698 (95％ CI 0.609-0.788) and 0.674 (95％ CI O.584-0.764),respectively.Conclusions The modified Gleason scoring system is related to the prostate cancer grade and its survival rate.Therefore,it can predict prognosis accurately in patients with prostate cancer.It can potential to reduce overtreatment in patients with Gleason 3 +4 prostate cancer.