Objective: To evaluate the effect of roughness on adhesive properties of polymethyl methacrylate and SY-1 silicone elastomer.Methods:5 specimens of polymethyl methacrylate were polished by sand paper of different standards and the roughness of polymethyl methacrylate surfaces were measured by roughmeter. The tension strength between polymethyl methacrylate with different degrees of roughness and SY-1 silicone elastomer were tested according to national standards. Results: After the surfaces of polymethyl methacrylate were respectively polished by sand paper of the standard 160,320 and 800, the sufrace roughness decreased, but the tension strength between polymethy1 and SY-1 silicone elastomer was increased(P

Objective:To Construct 3-D standard external nasal morphological database for nasal prostheses.Methods:12 plaster models of 6 types of external nose were prepared and scanned by a lasser scanner.The data documents were primarily saved as .asc format. The digital noses were partitioned to six areas by the nasal anatomical features: Nasal bridge area,nasal tip and collumella area,left and right dorsal areas,left and right ala nostril areas, the surface model of each area was constructed and connected to a group. With adding the background color, the surface model of external nose was visualized from any observing angles; then the nasal length and width were measured and the original data were replaced by HAN standard data.12 digital nose models with the same size were obtained and the documents were saved by each type with both .asc format and .igs format.Results:Point-cloud data and surface model data of 6 types of standard external digital noses were obtained.Conclusion:The nasal morphological database may be used as the foundation for CAD/CAM technique preparation of nasal prostheses

Objective To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of compound sulfamethoxazole (SMZco)combined with ganciclovir on severe pulmonary infection in the early stage of renal transplantation. Methods Between January 2005 and January 2006,two hundred and forty renal allograft patients in our hospital were enrolled in this study.All the patients were divided into two groups.Group A(n=84)received oral SMZco combined with intravenous ganciclovir.Group B(n=156)received intravenous ganciclovir only as control.According to the time of SMZco administration,group A was divided into two subgroups:group A1(within 2weeks after transplantation,n=43)and group A2(more than 2 weeks after transplantation,n=41).All the patients were followed up for 9 months.Incidence of pulmonary infection and effects on graft function by SMZco at different time point were investigated. Results The incidence of severe pulmonary infection and mortality of infection were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (2/84 vs 16/156,P=0.027;0/2 vs 2/16,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age,gender,warm or cold ischemia,complement dependent cytotoxieity test results,incidence of urinary infection and Scr.The incidence of elevatedScr was significantly lower in group A2 than that in group A1(15/43 vs 2/41,P＜0.01),however,all the elevated Scr returned to basal level within 1 week after SMZco was discontinued.Conclusions Oral SMZco combined with ganciclovir administration after renal transplantation is effective on preventing severe pulmonary infection and thus improves graft and recipient survival.The administration of oral SMZco initiated more than 2 weeks after transplantation is better for graft function.

Objective To observe the formation of the biofilm in endotracheal tubes,the characteris-tics of etiology, drug resistance and relationship between the biofilm and ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP) . Methods A total of 60 cases of ventilated children patients whose mechanical ventilation time were≥48 h in the ICU from September 2010 to September 2012,according to the mechanical ventilation time,all cases were divided into 2 to 6 d group,7 to 14 d group and ≥15 d group. The incidence of VAP, biofilm structure under the electron microscope,etiology culture positive rate of the lower airway secretions and bio-film,etiological characteristics and drug resistance were prospectively studied. Results ( 1 ) A total of 19 cases occurred VAP in 60 cases of mechanical ventilation,the incidence of VAP was 31. 7%. (2) Observed by electron microscope,biofilm had formed in the endotracheal tube inner wall in early period of mechanical ventilation. With prolonged mechanical ventilation,biofilm structure had improved,as well as VAP incidence rate from 9. 1%(2 to 6 d group ) increased to 44. 4%(7 to 14 d group) and 88. 9%(≥15 d group). (3) A large number of pathogenic bacteria colonized in the biofilm. Gram-negative bacilli were dominate and drug resistance was high. (4) With prolonged mechanical ventilation,the cultured pathogens from the lower airway secretions and biofilm converged. Conclusion Biofilm could form in the endotracheal tube with mechanical ventilation patients,and is associated with the occurrence of VAP and refractory infections.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension(PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and study the related risk factors.Methods Patients with stable COPD enrolled in this study,undergoing examinations including full pulmonary function tests (PFT),6-minute walk distance (6MWD),Exercise Oxyhemoglobin,Saint.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and transthoracic echocardiography.Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) ≥ 36 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) was defined as PH.Results A total of 251 patients were finally evaluable in this study.The frequency of PH was 55.4％ (139/251) in patients with stable COPD.Significant differences were seen between patients with PH and without PH respectively in the following factors (mean P ＜0.05):proportion of age ≥ 60 years (69.8％ vs 57.1％),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)(％ predicted) [(47.5±8.2)％ vs(61.2±10.2)％ and(49.8±7.9)％ vs(66.4±11.3)％],sPAP [(41.9 ± 9.1) mmHg vs (28.2 ± 3.2) mmHg],exercise oxyhemoglobin desaturation [(-5.5 ± 3.2) ％ vs(-2.2 ± 1.2) ％],6MWD [(316.0 ± 55.2) m vs(390.0 ±75.2) m].The following variables were negatively correlated with sPAP:6MWD (r =-0.330,P =0.003),FEV1 (％ predicted) (r =-0.210,P =0.024 and r =-0.130,P =0.012,respectively).The following variables were positively correlated with sPAP:age(r =0.560,P =0.031),exercise oxyhemoglobin desaturation ＞ 3％ (r =0.540,P =0.001).Logistic regression test has showed that age≥ 60 years,exercise oxygen desaturation ＞ 3％,FEV1 (％ predicted) ＜ 50％,6MWD ＜ 350 m were risk factors for PH in COPD.Conclusion The incidence of PH in COPD increases with age,yet the performance of lung function and the activity of endurance decrease in elder patients.Sixty years or older,exercise oxygen desaturation ＞ 3％,FEV1 (％ predicted) ＜ 50％,6MWD ＜ 350 m are risk factors of PH in COPD.Echocardiography or right heart catheterization when needed should be considered to confirm the diagnosis.

Objective:The paper is designed to reveal differences in stroke patients'hospitalization costs crea-ted by different socioeconomic factors , health insurance and occupational background , and analyze those differences on health outcome .Methods:18879 cases of hospitalized patients with stroke in five tertiary hospitals from four prov-inces from 2011 to 2014 were included in the database .Descriptive statistics was used to describe patients'hospitali-zation costs and health outcome .Multiple linear regression model and logistic regression were used to evaluate the im-pact of insurance and occupation .Results:After controlling for patients'social characteristics , health risks , premise during hospitalization process and clinical characteristics of patients with free healthcare costs , the socialized medi-cine was charged 19.7% higher than the private ones ( P <0.001 ), the retired people and civil servants were charged 4.2%(P<0.001) and 2.9%(P=0.049) more than farmers.The socialized medicine was also associated with health outcome.The risk of death in patients with free medical care is (OR=4.901) compared with private pa-tients (95%CI 1.652~14.537), and the retired people had increased risk of death compared with farmers (OR=2 .145 , 95%CI 1 .287 ~3 .573 ) .Conclusions: Due to the impact of social background factors , some groups are found to have a higher level of expenses than their counterparts during hospitalization , but the more hospitalization costs are not spent the better the health outcome of stroke was achieved .

Objective To investigate the nutritional management level of Department of Clinical Nutrition in elderly inpatients through analyzing the actual hospital dietary intakes in elderly inpatients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013-2015.Methods Using continuous sampling, the nutrients contents and the eating rates of hospital meals ordered by the elderly inpatients on the 1st, 15th, 29th of every month from May 2013 to October 2015 were selected.The intake levels of energy, protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1 , and vitamin C were calculated and compared with the Chinese dietary reference intakes (DRIs).The nutritional in-take differences between diabetes diet and the basic hospital diet were also compared.Results A total of 90 days of hospital dietary data from 8 402 elderly inpatients were included in the study.The average eating rate was (50.1 ±4.2)%, which was lower than the general eating rate of the hospital [ (59.0 ±4.0)%, P<0.001]. Only protein intake from hospital diet reached the requirement target [male (103.1 ±47.3)%, femal (98.3 ± 33.8)%].Individual compliance rates were 63.2%and 59.8%, respectively, while the other kinds of nutrients were lower.The compliance rates of energy [ (73.3 ±26.3)%vs.(62.1 ±38.2)%, P<0.001] and ma-jor nutrient intake [ protein: ( 119.1 ±41.2 )% vs.( 93.3 ±65.1 )%, P <0.001; calcium: ( 55.5 ± 26.7)% vs.(34.3 ±34.2)%, P <0.001; vitamin A: (75.2 ±48.3)% vs.(57.4 ±97.1)%, P<0.001;vitamin B1:(76.4 ±38.2)%vs.(52.1 ±46.6)%, P<0.001;vitamin C:(92.2 ±51.4)%vs. (49.3 ±55.0)%, P<0.001) in diabetes diet group were significantly higher than those in the basic hospi-tal diet group.Conclusions The nutritional intakes from hospital diets may not meet the nutritional require-ments based on DRIs in elderly inpatients.Medical diet designed by physicians and dietitians should be ex-panded to improve the nutritional management level for these patients.

To analyse the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 with hyperuricemia in ethnic Uygur,Kazak,and Han in Xinjiang province.1 200 cases of Uygur,Han,and Kazak populations were randomly enrolled.Serum uric acid,triglyceride,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,fasting plasma glucose,body weigh and height,waist circumference,and hip circumference were measured.Waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index were calculated,and TNF-α,interleukin-6 were determined.The differences between uric acid and inflammatory factors were statistically significant; The differences in TNF-α was statistically significant between high uric acid group and control group in Uygur and Han,and the differences in interleukin-6 was statistically significant between high uric acid group and control group in Uygur,Kazak,and Han(P＜0.01).TNF-α and interleukin-6 were positively correlated with serum uric acid in Uygur,but in Kazak only interleukin-6 was negatively correlated with serum uric acid,in Han only interleukin-6 was positively correlated with serum uric acid(P ＜ 0.01).Hyperuricemia was associated with inflammatory factors,TNF-α,interleukin-6,but there were ethnic differences among Uygur,Kazak,and Han,thus it may provide people of new ideas for prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and other related metabolic disorders.

Objective To develop the models for predicting the reported legally notifiable diseases in China.Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to forecast the trend of diseases.Methods Cases used for building the model were from of the records of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China from May 2009 to July 2016 with R software and the model's predictive ability was tested by the data from August 2016 to January 2017.Results A strong seasonal nature was seen in the reported cases of notifiable communicable diseases,with the lowest point in February and highest peak in June.ARIMA (4,1,0) (1,1,1)12 model was established by the team to forecast the notifiable communicable diseases.Data showed that the biggest and lowest relative errors appeared as 9.78％ and 2.21％,respectively,with the mean of the relative error as 5.39％.Conclusion Based on the results of this study,the ARIMA (4,1,0) (1,1,1)12 model seemed to have had the sound prediction of notifiable communicable diseases in China.