BACKGROUND:Cardiopulmonary exercise test plays a significant role in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, but it is limited by expensive equipments and professional personnel, and moreover, the subjects need to bear the maximal exercise intensity. As a result, it is extremely urgent to find a submaximal exercise test characterized by simple operation, low cost and easy to be popularized and used. OBJECTIVE:To compare the maximal oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute stair climbing and descending test. METHODS:Sixty-seven volunteers were recruited to undergo the cardiopulmonary exercise test using the Bruce protocol, and then, the maximal oxygen uptake was detected. After that, al the participants were subjected to 6-minute stair climbing and descending test, folowed by determination of the maximal oxygen uptake. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximal oxygen uptake in the cardiopulmonary exercise test was significantly higher than that in the 6-minute stair climbing and descending test (P < 0.01), and there was a highly positive correlation and consistency between the maximal oxygen uptakes in the two tests (r=0.911,P < 0.01). Therefore, 6-minute stair climbing and descending test can be used to detect the maximal oxygen uptake, which may become an effective method for evaluating cardiopulmonary function.

0.05). Micro-keyhole craniotomy double-channel tube lavage and drainaging group had a significant lower rehemorrhagia rate and lower mortality.And the short-term effects,the long-term follow-up of patients with pathogenetic in key-hole group was significant better than that in the other groups.there was obvious difference(P

This paper deals with the analysis of the phospholipids and fatty acids in Hippocomnpus kelloggi Jordan et Synder, H. Histrix Kaup, II. trimaculalus Leach, II. kuda Bleeder, II. japonicus Kaup, Solenognathus hardwickii(Gray), Syngnathoides biacufcatus(Bloch) and Tracliyrliamphus serralus (Temminck &. Schlegel).The total phospholipids were extracted with Folch solvent and determined by molybdate blue spec-trophotometric method. The result showed that the contents of total phospholipids in these spccimins were 2. 56-7. 82mg/g.The nine kinds of phospholipid standards of absorbance proportional coefficient were detected in this paper. The phospholipid components were separated and determined by using thin - layer chro-matographic method and Vaskovsky solvent as a specific spray reagent. The quantitative analysis of the distribution of various phospholipids components in these specimen ts were carried out, by using TLC scanning and the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The resut showed that the Hippocampus contains about five phospholipids: lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingornyelin, phophatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phosphatidylserine , phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid were more in Syugnathus than in Hippocampus, But in all these specimens, the main phospholipid components were lysophos- phatidylcholine, sphingornyelin and phosphatidylcholine.Fourteen fatty acid compositions in these specimens were analysed by GC -MS -DS. The result showed that the main fatty acid were hexadecanoic acid, 9 - octadecenoic acid, 8,11- octadeca-dienoic acid and 1,7,10,13,16,19 - docosahexaenoic acid.

Objective To investigate the stress distributions on implant-bone interface and fatigue behaviors of biomimetic titanium implant under static and dynamic loading conditions to provide theoretical basis for a new implant which may effectively transfer the stress to surrounding bones. Methods A 3-D finite element model of a posterior mandible segment with an implant bone was constructed by a CAD (Pro/E Widefire 2.0) software. Two different implant models (a dense implant No.1 and a biomimetic implant No.2) were designed. The stress distributions on bone-implant interface under dynamic and static loading conditions were analyzed by Ansys Workbench 10.0 software, as well as the fatigue beha-vior of the biomimetic implant. Results The cervical cortical bones in the 2 implants were all high stress region under the same loading condition. The maximum von Mises stress on the interface and high-stress region in the cancellous bone region, and the maximum stress in the root region of the biomimetic implant were lower than those of the dense implant. The stress on the implant-bone interface decreased from the top to the bottom. The stress in the cervical cortical bone under the dynamic loading was 17.15% higher than that of the static loading. There was no significant difference in maximum stress at the cortical bone region between the dynamic and static loading conditions. The maximum stress of the dense implant in the cancellous bone region was 75.97% higher and that in the root region was 22.46% higher than that of the biomimetic implant. The maximum stress on the implant-bone interface was far less than the yield strength of pure titanium. The stress distribution in the cortical region of the biomimetic implant was 7.85% higher than that of the dense implant, and the maximum stress in the cortical bone was smaller than the yield stress of cortical bone. Within the dynamic loading of 50-300 N, the safety coefficient was all higher than 10, and with the increase of loading pressure, interface stress in the cancellous region increased linearly. Under the loading of 300 N in the axial and 25 N in the lingual 45°, the maximum stress was 11.38 MPa. Conclusion Biomimetic style implant can effectively transfer the implant-bone interface stress to surrounding bones in the cancellous bone and root region, and the structure with the improved design is safe under normal loading pressure.

Objective To observe the effects of flurbiprofen axetil postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on stress response in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy operation.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ gynecological laparoscopy operation patients were randomized to two groups, 60 cases in each group.Group F received flurbiprofen axetil 4 mg/kg while group S were given sufentanil 1.5μ g/kg for postoperative PCIA.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ) and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL- 10 were estimated preoperative(T_0), operation termination(T_1) and 48 h after operation(T_2).Results VAS scores were less than 4 scores and no significant difference between two groups.There was no significant difference in TNF- α intraclass and interclass between two groups(P > 0.05 ).IL-6, IL-8, IL- 10 in two groups were significantly higher at T_1 and T_2 than those at To (P< 0.05).IL-6, IL-8 at T_1 and T_2 were lower in group F than those in group S [T_1 and T_2: IL-6 was ( 18.39 ± 3.01 ), ( 13.43 ± 3.11 ) ng/L, IL-8 was (24.25 ± 2.75 ), ( 15.31 ± 2.65 ) ng/L in group F; IL-6 was (38.02 ± 2.95 ), (23.28 ± 2.43 ) ng/L, IL-8 was ( 37.56 ± 2.97 ), ( 24.86 ± 3.11 ) ng/L in group S]( P < 0.05 ).While IL- 10 was significantly higher and lasted longer in group F than that in group S [(26.72±4.41), (21.03±2.99) ng/L in group F; (22.18 ± 3.21), (16.89 ± 4.48) ng/L in group S](P < 0.05).Conclusion PCIA with flurbiprofen axetil in gynecological laparoscopy operation patients can alleviate inflammatory response.

Articular cartilage defects are common, which is one of the important factors leading to joint degeneration. Due to lack of vascular supply, the ability to regenerate itself is limited. SO the surgeons try a variety of ways to repair these defects. What specific methods are adopted should be based on the pathological types of cartilage defect in order to develop optimal strategies.

Objective To describe a technique of closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation for the treatment of displaced patellar fractures and evaluate the clinical results. Methods Fifteen cases (nine males and six females with mean age of 35.5 years, ranging from 24 to 65 years) with displaced patellar fractures were treated with closed reduction (or an arthroscopic-assisted reduction) and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation (or Kirschner wire tension band wiring technique) under guidance of fluoroscopy or C-arm X-ray tomography. Controlled passive range of motion exercises started on the first postoperative day. The mean follow-up was 28 months (24-35 months). Results All cases healed successfully with healing time of (1.2?2.2) months and mean Lysholm II score of 86.8 (79-96), except for one patient regained full knee range of motion. Compared with the contralateral side, a mean quadriceps atrophy of 0.8 cm was seen in unilateral cases based on Tandogan measurement. There was no implant failure or postoperative infection. Conclusions The technique of closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation is appropriate for displaced, transverse, longitudinal or oblique patellar fractures and can facilitate early postoperative range of motion exercises and accelerate rehabilitation of the affected knee with few complications and minor incision without disturbing blood supply of the patella. But, this method is not suitable for severely comminuted fractures.

Objective:To formulate the norm value of auditory verbal learning test(AVLT)in the normal aged in Chinese community.Methods:360 normal old people(55 to 85 years)in city proper of Shanghai were enrolled and evaluated by AVLT,MMSE test of words reading ability and executive ablity,memory self-evaluation and medical history related to cognitive impairment.Results:70% of the normal old people complained of hypomnesia;The age of 70 and 80 was the hinge points of auditory verbal memory decreasing.AVLT had a moderate relation to age,and a lower relation to educational level.Female did better in AVLT than Male.Furthermore,AVLT had a significant relation to MMSE score,a mild relation to memory self-evaluation,and only related to hypertension of all the medical history.The cut off score of short-term recall,long delayed term recall and total AVLT score(-1SD,-1.5SD and-2SD)was listed.Conclusion:Norm value of AVLT is an effective tool of testing memory impairment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the forms of carbamazepine and its metabolites in the gastric juice,blood and urine samples from a poisoned patient and its metabolic pathways. METHODS The gastric juice,blood and urine samples were obtained from a patient who was rushed to the Hospital of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases to be treated for an overdose of carbamazepine for about six hours. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolites were identified from their mass spectra by comparison with spectra in NIST 98 libraries. The metabolic pathways were inferred by fragmentation regularities of mass spectra and the published data. RESULTS The results showed that only M1 was found in the gastric juice sample. Four metabo?lites,such as iminostilbene(M1),9-methyl-acridine(M2),9-propyl-acridan(M4)and M3,were found in the blood sample and thirteen metabolites,including M1,M2,M4,acridine(M5),acridone(M6), 9,10-dihydro Acridine (M7), 1a,10b-dihydro-6H-dibenz[b,f]oxireno[d]azepine-6-carboxamide (M8),9-acridinemethanol (M9),10,11-dihydrodiol-carbamazepine (M10),2-methyl-acridone (M12),4-methyl-acridone(M13),undetermined M3 and M11,were found in the urine from the poi?soned patient. The forms of carbamazepine metabolites in the gastric juice ,blood and urine were different. Little carbamazepine was found in the urine after metabolism. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identification of NIST 98 libraries,the metabolites could be identified accurately,which can help analyze the metabolic mechanism and pathways of carbam?azepine.

AIM: To investigate the effect of 17?-estradiol(E2) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1(ET-1) and the related mechanism.METHODS: Myocardial cells from neonate rats were cultured in vitro and myocardial hypertrophy model was established with ET-1.The effects of 17?-estradiol on myocardial hypertrophy were observed.The role of ERK1/2 in the effects of 17?-estradiol was also detected.RESULTS: Compared with control group,ET-1 increased cell protein content,cell surface area and -Leucine(-Leu) incorporation.Pretreatment with E2 for 24 h could inhibit the increase in cell protein content,cell surface area and -Leu incorporation induced by ET-1.ET-1 significantly stimulated ERK1/2 activity,which was prevented by pretreatment with E2.Tamoxifen,estradiol receptor antagonist,partially inhibited the effect of E2.The ability of ET-1 to stimulate -Leu incorporation was significantly blocked by PD98059,which could enhance the inhibitory effect of E2 on the increase of -Leu incorporation in cardiomyocytes induced by ET-1.CONCLUSION: E2 can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1.This effect is mediated by estrogen receptor.ERK1/2 signal pathway is closely correlated with the inhibitory effect of E2 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1.