Objective To identify Taenia cestodes specimens collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province by analyzing mitochondrial DNA gene encoding ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtDNA-12S rRNA) gene sequence. Methods The adult Taenia cestode samples were collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province. The genomic DNA was extracted and mtDNA-12S rRAN gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced.Combined with the known mtDNA-12S rRNA gene sequence of Taenia solium, Taenia saginata,Taenia asiatica in GenBank, homology tree and phylogenetic tree were constructed by DNA MAN software. Results Taenia cestode homology tree and phylogenetic tree showed that gene sequences of BS1, BS2, BS4 and BS5 were most close to YZ with identity of 99% and those of BS3, BS6, BST,PE1 and PE2 were most close to ND with identity of 99%. Conclusions Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica can be found in Baoshan area, while Taenia saginata can be found in Puer area. The gene sequence of mtDNA-12S rRNA can be used for clarifying the three types of Taenia cestode.

Nanometer material have been widely used in a number of fields because of their diversified physical and chemical effects.Owing to their good biocompatibility,well targeting property and high bioavailability,they are considered as a good support for vaccine adjuvant.In short,it has a targeting function to specific parts,can improve the immunogenicity of new vaccine,avoid first-pass metabolism in the liver and then has less side effect.With these advantages,it has shown a proved potential application for disease control and treatment.So some unique properties of nano-materials are reviewed,with a look forward to the future of their application technology in the areas of and medicine.

Different subspecies or strains of the same species produce varied clinical manifestations.The clarifica-tion of parasite taxonomy is useful for the researches of their biology, epidemiology and control.DNA molecular markers have the advantages of high polymorphism, non-pleiotropy, and clear identifying alleles, etc.This paper summarizes the first generation(restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA), second generation(sim-ple sequence repeat-anchored PCR, inter-simple sequence repeat) and third generation(single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular marker techniques, and their application in taxonomic identification of parasites.

Objective To investigate the effect of edaravone and early rehabilitation on neurological deficit in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study. Fifty patients were grouped using the random number table method as the subject of this study. A single group of 25 patients treated with edaravone treatment, combined group of 25 patients with edaravone and early rehabilitation treatment, compared the two groups of patients with acute cerebral infarction neurological deficit score, quality of life score and clinical efficacy. Results The scores of neurological deficits after treatment were (14.24 ± 3.42), which were significantly lower than those in the single group (P<0.05). The quality of life scores of the patients in the combined group were (104.24 ± 3.25) The total effective rate was 92.00％ in the combined group, which was significantly higher than that in the single group (64.00％, P<0.05). Conclusion Edaravone and early rehabilitation therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction can significantly improve the neurological function of patients, the effect is more significant.

BACKGROUND:Positive treatment of perioperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty can accelerate recovery of joint function, reduce complications after replacement, and improve overal technical evaluation of total knee arthroplasty. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To summarize commonly used analgesic drugs and analgesia method of total knee arthroplasty. ＜br> METHODS:A computer-based online research of Wanfang database and PubMed database was performed to col ect articles published between 1994 and 2014 with the keywords of“total knee replacement, epidural analgesia, peripheral nerve block, joint local analgesia, patient control ed analgesia, cold treatment”in Chinese and English. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 986 articles after the initial survey. Final y, 55 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. As the technology for total knee arthroplasty, early functional rehabilitation and replacement of pain control has been widely concerned, a large number of literatures about analgesic drugs and analgesic programs emerge. Analgesic drugs include opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics and N-methyl-aspartate receptor blockers. Analgesic program includes epidural analgesia, peripheral nerve blockage, joint local analgesia, patient-control ed analgesia and cold therapy. These analgesic drugs and methods have their advantages and disadvantages. At present, multimodal analgesia schemes have been recognized, but the optimal pain management scheme remains controversial. Increasing considerations should be paid on the choice of analgesic methods, depending on individual characteristics and existing technology.

Objective To access the changes in blood gases and electrolytes during anaphylactic shock induced by Echinococcus granulosus (EG) in sheep.Methods Fifteen healthy sheep of either sex weighing 31.2 ? 3.5 kg were repeatedly infected with EG for six months. The infected sheep were anesthetized with intramuscular thiopental 20mg?kg-1 and ketamine 15 mg?kg-1. The animals were breathing spontaneously and placed on the left side. ECG (lead Ⅱ) was monitored. Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein for hemodynamic monitoring. Anaphylactic shock was induced with antigen prepared from fluid in EG capsules. Blood samples were taken from right internal carotid artery before shock (T0) and 3.5 min (T1 ), 8 min (T2), 15 min (T3), 30 min (T4) and 60 min (T5 ) after shock was induced for determination of blood Na+ , K+ , Hct, Hb, pH, PaO2 , PaGO2 and HCO3-. Shock was confirmed by hypotension (MAP decreased by 30%), tachypnea, dyspnea, agitation and pupil dilation. Results Three sheep did not develop shock and two sheep died of severe shock within 10 min after iv antigen challenge. Blood K+ significantly increased at T1 and T2 after antigen challenge and then gradually returned to baseline value at T5 . PaO2 decreased, PaGO2 increased and pH deceased after challenge. Hct and Hb also increased significantly after challenge. Conclusion There are significant changes in blood gas and electrolytes indicated by hyperkalemia, acidosis and hypoxemia during anaphylactic shock induced by EG.

Objective To explore the relationship between skin photo reactions and structural pa-rameters. Methods Benzophenone-1, Benzophenone-2 and Benzophenone-3 were assessed by phototoxici-ty test and photoallergic test on guinea pig. And the phototoxicity index and photoallergic index were cal-culated after clinical assessment. Structural parameters of the three sunscreens like total energy, binding energy, electronic energy, heat of formation, dipole and sum of the net charges were also calculated by the soft of HyperChem7.0, respectively. Results The phototoxicity index rised with total energy, elec-tronic energy and sum of net charges increasing. And the photoallergy index rised only with binding ener-gy increasing. So there was some correlation between phototoxicity index and total energy, electronic en-ergy and sum of net charges (P<0.01). Significant relationship was only between the photoallergy index and binding energy (P<0.01). Conclusions The phototoxicity is correlated with total energy and e-lectronic energy, while photoallergy is related to binding energy. It is possible to establish a model evalua-ting the safety and structural parameters of benzophenone ramifications.

To identify Taenia cestodes from 6 regions of Yunnan province by PCR and sequencing of mtCOXⅠfragment. the genomic DNA of Taenia cestodes was extracted from proglottid collected in 6 region of Yunnan province, and mtCOXⅠ gene fragments were amplified by PCR, and then sequenced. The genomic distance and phylogenetic tree were constructed in comparison with other known mtCOXⅠgene sequences of T.solium , T.saginata and T. asiatica in GenBank using DNA MAN software. Through distance matrix,it was found that the homologie of NJ4, NJ1 and DQ2 was 99.8%, DL4 and NJ3 homologie was 99.5%, NJ2 and DQ3 homologie was 98.8%; the homologie of DL3 and BZ3 was 98.3%, while the homologie was 96.0% with BZ2; The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 10 Taenia cestodes including NJ1-4, DL2-3and DQ1-3 occupied one brance with BZ3. BN1, CX1, LC1 and BZ2 occupied one brance, then two brance occupied and occupied with other one which was occupied by DL1 and BZ1. Taenia cestodes from Nujiang and Diqing were T. asiatica. Taenia cestodes from XiShangbanna,Lincang and Chuxiong were T.saginata.Taenia cestodes from Dali were T.solium or T.asiatica.Because same species have no difference from different regions. mtCOXⅠfragment sequencing is valid for tapeworms identification.

Objective To observe the alteration of skin complexion after UVA and UVB exposure.Methods The back skin of ten females with skin type Ⅲ was subjected to single exposure to solar-simulated UVA of double minimal persistent pigment darkening (MPPD) or UVB of double minimal erythema dose (MED). Skin reflectance was assessed with clinical grading, spectcolometer and Mexameter MX 18 before irra-diation, 6 hours, 1, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Results After UVB irradiation, a~* value and erythema index (EI) abruptly increased at 6 hours and peaked on day 2; L~* value sharply declined on day 1; ITA° markedly decreased on day 7; melanin index (MI) declined within the first 2 days, but notably increased on day 7. After UVA irradiation, a~* and El value experienced no apparent changes; L~* value obviously declined at 6 hours; ITA° reached its lowest value on day 14; MI increased only on day 1. Conclusions There is a significant difference in the kinetics and extent of skin complexion changes after UVA and UVB irradiation. EI and a~* value are sensitive and accurate indices for evaluating sunburn, and MI and ITA ° for analyzing tanning.

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax transmission_blocking vaccine candidate antigen (TBV) Pvs25, with P.vivax isolates from Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces, and to compare the genetic polymorphism of Pvs25 with that from Bangladesh. MethodsThe parasite DNA used for the genetic polymorphism assay was obtained from dried filter paper blood spots. The genes were PCR amplified and the products were purified and sequenced directly. Results 45 complete new sequences were analyzed. Only 3 nucleotide changes were found that would result in amino acid substitutions in Pvs25 in comparison with the sequence from P.vivax Sal_I strain. The measurement of nucleotide diversity (?) was remarkably similar for the two populations, indicating that DNA sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous among the geographically dispersed isolates or isolates from the same geographical region.Conclusion The results suggest that Pvs25 has limited antigenic polymorphism, especially compared with candidate antigens expressed by hepatic and erythrocytic stage, which may support the development and application of Pvs25_based transmission_blocking vaccine in China.