Objective:To pharmacognostically identify Selaginellae uncinatae Herba to provide reference for the identification and utilization of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba. Methods:On the basis of observing the characters, structure and microscopic characteris-tics of the powder, Selaginella uncinata Herba was identified by a TLC method using amentoflavone as the reference substance. The contents of total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts in Selaginellae uncinatae Herba were detected as well. Results:The morphological identification, microscopic identification and TLC identification of the herb was respectively established. The content limits of the total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract were preliminarily determined. Conclusion:The studies provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors in thrombin titration for the determination of anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman. Methods: The white porcelain plates were used as the titration carriers instead of tubes in the titration ( called white porcelain method for short) . The effect of different carriers, interval time of titration and thrombin concentration on the results of anticoagulant activity test was studied. Results:Under the same conditions, the anticoagulant activity was more accurate and stable using white porcelain method. Using white porcelain method with 20 u·ml-1 or 10 u·ml-1 as the thrombin concentration and titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the thrombin consumption volume was linear with the sample concentration within the range of 0. 125-0. 333 g·ml-1(r20 =0. 961 and r10 =0. 992), and the anticoagulant activity respectively was (33. 08 ± 2. 64) and (31. 24 ±1.32) u·g-1(RSD20 =8.0% and RSD10 =4.2%). As for a certain sample concentration (0.333 g·ml-1), the theoretical error of determination was not more than 10% and 5%. Conclusion:The improved white porcelain method is more suitable for determining anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman with more stable results and accurate end point states than tube method. Under the conditions of 10 u·ml-1 thrombin concentration, titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the linearity, accuracy and precision are all promising.

Objective: To investigate the late identification and its influencing factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the development of strategies for early detection and identification of HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: Basic information, identification routes and CD4+T lymphocyte counts among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed, and factors affecting late identification was analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 052 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022, including 1 011 males (96.10%), and had a mean age of (32.90±12.39) years. There were 333 cases with late identification, accounting for 31.65%. The proportions of late identification have no significant changing trend from 2013 to 2022 (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HIV/AIDS cases aged 25 years and older (25 to 49 years, OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.350-2.658; 50 years and older, OR=3.010, 95%CI: 1.838-4.928) had a higher risk of late identification, while HIV/AIDS cases with college degree and above (OR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.459-0.936) and identified by voluntary counseling and testing (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.380-0.772) had a lower risk of late identification. Conclusions The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 was 31.65%. Age, educational level and identification route were important factors affecting late identification of HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL to dopaminergic neurons on PD mice induced by MPTP.Methods 56 male C57BL/6 mice which are 10-12 weeks old were randomly divided into Control,model (MPTP),muti-injection (Val8) and therapy (MPTP + Val8) groups by random number table method.Mice in MPTP group were received MPTP IP.treatment (30mg/kg · d),the control group were treated with 0.9％ saline with the same volume,Val8 group were injected with (Val8) GLP-1-Glu-PAL (25 nmol/kg),and MPTP+Val8 group were going to received (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL 1 h after treatment of MPTP,all the groups were treated for 8 consecutive days.Behavior test were processed 2h after drug IP injection,including swimming test and rotarod test.Mice were sacrificed immediately 1h after the final trail of behavior test in 8th day,brains were withdraw for IHC assay which tested the number TH positive neurons in SNpc area.Results The classical PD behavior symptom were induced by MPTP,from 1 st to 8th,the swimming score(1.715±0.143 and dropping latency(68.048±7.823) were both decreasing compared with control.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The positive dopaminergic neurons were significantly lower in SNpc area (P＜0.01).Compared with MPTP group,(Val8) GLP-1-Glu-PAL could statistically improved the behavior deficit,the swimming score (1.120±0.143) and dropping latency(20.546±7.823) in the MPTP+Val8 group,and differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the TH positive neurons were significantly elevated (P＜0.01).Conclusion The results suggest that (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL has protective effects for MPTP induced mice PD dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To explore risk factors for coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD),and reduce the rate of serious sequelae of cardiovascular diseases.Methods All the patients were diagnosed as KD in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University from January 2009 to January 2014.A total of 679 cases was included,and 42 with concurrent CAA,181 with concurrent coronary artery expansion (CAD),and 456 without coronary artery damage cases (non-coronary artery lesion,NCAL).Coronary artery damage was related to factors such as gender,age,fever,white blood cell count (WBC),hemoglobin (Hb),platelet count (PLT),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),alanine aminotransferase,serum potassium,plasma amino terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP),and acrylic ball resistance.SPSS 18.0 software package was used for risk factor analysis.Qualitative data using chi-square test,was used to analyze the high risk factors of CAA group,and logistic multivariate regression analysis was also used.Results Chi-square test showed that male,with febrile days ＞ 14 d,NT-proBNP ≥ 1 000 ng/L,immunoglobulin resistance was more likely to have KD concurrent CAA (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that male [OR =4.092,95％ CI (1.514,11.060),P =0.004],febrile days ＞14 d [OR =12.436,95％ CI (4.599,33.631),P =0.000],NT-proBNP≥ 1 000 ng/L [OR =3.305,95％ CI (1.401,7.794),P =0.005],and immunoglobulin resistance [OR =3.842,95 ％ CI (1.562,9.453),P =0.000] were independent risk factors for KD concurrent CAA.Conclusions Male children,febrile days ＞ 14 d,NT-proBNP≥ 1 000 ng/L,and immunoglobulin resistance were independent risk factors of CAA.

Objective:To explore a new method to identify Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants by ITS2 regions. Methods:Eight samples of Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were collected with five species, and 6 species with 23 ITS2 sequence of Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were downloaded from Genbank. The intraspecific and interspecific K2P distances of Spar-ganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were calculated by MEGA5. 0, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 5. 0. Re-sults:The maximum intraspecific K2P distance of Sparganium stoloniferum was 0. 038,while the minimum interspecific K2P distance was 0. 697. The phylogenetic tree showed that Plantago asiatica was different obviously from its adulterants. The different samples of Sparganium stoloniferum were gathered together and could be distinguished from its adulterants by the NJ tree. Conclusion: ITS2 se-quence is able to identify Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants correctly, which provides a new method for the identification of Sparganium stoloniferum.

To find a new method to identify Mori Cortex and its adulterants by analysis their ITS2 sequence of barcode,total genomic DNA was isolated from Mori Cortex and its adulterants. Nuclear DNA ITS2 sequences were amplified,and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner V3.0. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated us-ing software MEGA 4.0. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1, Nearest Distance and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The results showed the intra-specific genetic distance of Mori Cortex was 0, which were lower than inter-specific genetic distances between Mori Cortex and its closely related species (0.003-0.343). The ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Mori Cortex and its closely related species, which provides a scientific basis for fast and accurate identification and new method of Mori Cortex.

This study was aimed to explore a new method to identify the original plant of Plantaginis Semen and its adulterants by the ITS2 regions. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was amplified and sequenced by bidirectional sequencing of PCR products. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed by using CodonCode Aligner. The ITS2 secondary structure was predicted using ITS2 database and web-sites. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA5. The results showed that the maximum intraspecific K2P dis-tance of Plantago asiatica was 0.009 9, while the minimum interspecific K2P distance was 0.497 6; the maximum in-traspecific K2P distance of P. depressa was 0.005 2, while the minimum interspecific K2P distance was 0.519 1. The ITS2 secondary structure showed that P. asiatica and P. depressa can be differentiated obviously from its adulterants. Different samples of P. asiatica and P. depressa were gathered together and can be distinguished from its adulterants by NJ tree. It was concluded that the ITS2 sequence was able to identify original plant of Plantaginis Semen and its adulterants correctly. It provided a new method for the identification of original plant of Plantaginis Semen.

This study was aimed to establish a qualitative model of near-infrared spectroscopy in order to accurately and rapidly identify several mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs. The near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with OPUS software was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of these samples. The pattern recognition method was explored through cluster analysis. And the accuracy of the model was verified. The results showed that these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil had their characteristics absorption so that they can be quickly and accurately differentiated from each other through pattern recognition method. It was concluded that based on near-infrared spectroscopic mod-eling, these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs can be quickly and accurately identified.

Objective:To study the percutaneous permeability of quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract in vitro. Methods: Ginkgo Biloba extract was dissolved in 50% ethanol. The percutaneous permeability experiment through mouse skin was conducted using a modified Franz diffusion cell. The penetration amount of quercetin was determined by HPLC. Results:The percutaneous permeability of quercetin in the solution was approximately characterized by zero-order kinetics. Conclusion:Quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract can be absorbed through skin.