Objective:To pharmacognostically identify Selaginellae uncinatae Herba to provide reference for the identification and utilization of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba. Methods:On the basis of observing the characters, structure and microscopic characteris-tics of the powder, Selaginella uncinata Herba was identified by a TLC method using amentoflavone as the reference substance. The contents of total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts in Selaginellae uncinatae Herba were detected as well. Results:The morphological identification, microscopic identification and TLC identification of the herb was respectively established. The content limits of the total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract were preliminarily determined. Conclusion:The studies provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors in thrombin titration for the determination of anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman. Methods: The white porcelain plates were used as the titration carriers instead of tubes in the titration ( called white porcelain method for short) . The effect of different carriers, interval time of titration and thrombin concentration on the results of anticoagulant activity test was studied. Results:Under the same conditions, the anticoagulant activity was more accurate and stable using white porcelain method. Using white porcelain method with 20 u·ml-1 or 10 u·ml-1 as the thrombin concentration and titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the thrombin consumption volume was linear with the sample concentration within the range of 0. 125-0. 333 g·ml-1(r20 =0. 961 and r10 =0. 992), and the anticoagulant activity respectively was (33. 08 ± 2. 64) and (31. 24 ±1.32) u·g-1(RSD20 =8.0% and RSD10 =4.2%). As for a certain sample concentration (0.333 g·ml-1), the theoretical error of determination was not more than 10% and 5%. Conclusion:The improved white porcelain method is more suitable for determining anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman with more stable results and accurate end point states than tube method. Under the conditions of 10 u·ml-1 thrombin concentration, titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the linearity, accuracy and precision are all promising.

Objective: To investigate the late identification and its influencing factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the development of strategies for early detection and identification of HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: Basic information, identification routes and CD4+T lymphocyte counts among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed, and factors affecting late identification was analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 052 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022, including 1 011 males (96.10%), and had a mean age of (32.90±12.39) years. There were 333 cases with late identification, accounting for 31.65%. The proportions of late identification have no significant changing trend from 2013 to 2022 (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HIV/AIDS cases aged 25 years and older (25 to 49 years, OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.350-2.658; 50 years and older, OR=3.010, 95%CI: 1.838-4.928) had a higher risk of late identification, while HIV/AIDS cases with college degree and above (OR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.459-0.936) and identified by voluntary counseling and testing (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.380-0.772) had a lower risk of late identification. Conclusions The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 was 31.65%. Age, educational level and identification route were important factors affecting late identification of HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District.

β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from 6 different regions were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and sequenced, then the correlationship between β-AS SNP and regions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were determined. According to the 1 coding single nucleotide polymorphism on the first exon of β-AS gene at 94 bp site, Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be divided into 3 genotypes. In these genotypes, the percentage of 94A type in genuine regions was much higher, and it had significant differences with the percentage in non-genuine regions (P < 0.001). The results of the experiment proved that different β-AS genotypes at 94 bp site from different regions may be one of the important reasons to result in the genuineness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL to dopaminergic neurons on PD mice induced by MPTP.Methods 56 male C57BL/6 mice which are 10-12 weeks old were randomly divided into Control,model (MPTP),muti-injection (Val8) and therapy (MPTP + Val8) groups by random number table method.Mice in MPTP group were received MPTP IP.treatment (30mg/kg · d),the control group were treated with 0.9％ saline with the same volume,Val8 group were injected with (Val8) GLP-1-Glu-PAL (25 nmol/kg),and MPTP+Val8 group were going to received (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL 1 h after treatment of MPTP,all the groups were treated for 8 consecutive days.Behavior test were processed 2h after drug IP injection,including swimming test and rotarod test.Mice were sacrificed immediately 1h after the final trail of behavior test in 8th day,brains were withdraw for IHC assay which tested the number TH positive neurons in SNpc area.Results The classical PD behavior symptom were induced by MPTP,from 1 st to 8th,the swimming score(1.715±0.143 and dropping latency(68.048±7.823) were both decreasing compared with control.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The positive dopaminergic neurons were significantly lower in SNpc area (P＜0.01).Compared with MPTP group,(Val8) GLP-1-Glu-PAL could statistically improved the behavior deficit,the swimming score (1.120±0.143) and dropping latency(20.546±7.823) in the MPTP+Val8 group,and differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the TH positive neurons were significantly elevated (P＜0.01).Conclusion The results suggest that (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL has protective effects for MPTP induced mice PD dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To observe the effects of repeated +10 Gz stress on cerebral lipid peroxidation,liver and renal function in rats and the prophylactic effects of antioxidant tea polyphenols(TP).Method Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=8 each):group A(control),group B(+10 Gz),and group C(TP).Group B and C were exposed to repeated +10 Gz stress(each for 30s,onset rate about 0.5 G/s,3 times/d with +1 Gz 1 min intervals,3 d/wk,4 weeks in total),but group A was only submitted to +1 Gz.TP(200 mg/kg) was given orally in group C about 1 h prior to the +Gz experiment,while distilled water was given in group A and B.Lipid peroxidation in the brain,liver and renal functions and serum lipids were determined.Results As compared with the control,lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral homogenate,mitochondria and cytoplasm was significantly increased( P<0.05),and serum creatinine concentration was markedly elevated after repeated +10 Gz stress(P<0.01).But,TP had significant inhibitory effect on +10 Gz stress induced peroxidative injury in rat brain and reduced the serum creatinine level.There were no differences of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity among the three groups.Conclusion These results indicated that repeated high +Gz stress could bring about peroxidative injury in brain and harmful effect on renal function,and natural antioxidant TP had signficant protective effects.

Objective To investigate the influence of calcitonin on bone mineral density and biomechanics around the artificial pros-thesis in ovariectomized diabetic rabbit model. Methods Fourteen femina New Zealand white rabbits at the age of 5 months old were select-ed, which weight 2.24 -2.65kg, averaging 2.26kg. First, the model of rabbit with diabetic osteoporosis was successfully established by the compound method of ovariectomy plus streptozotocin. Osteotomy in the middle part of femur was performed in both groups, fixation of artifi-cial prosthesis was done with 3.0 kirschner wire. After that, Rabbit models with diabetic osteoporosis were randomly divided into experimen-tal group and control group. Rabbits in the experimental group were treated with calcitonin 6U intramuscular injection once every other day. In control group, intramuscular injection of normal saline solution 1.5ml once every three days. Rabbit models of two groups were sacrificed in the 24th week. The BMD of the region of interest (ROI) around the prosthesis were detected before experiment and 8, 16 and 24 weeks after injection. After rabbits were killed, experimental femurs in both groups were complete removal and soft tissues were rejected. Determi-nation of the pull-out and torsion bone biomechanics experiments of prosthesis was done in both groups respectively. Results The BMD of ROI in the experimental group before operation was (0.1863±0.004)g/cm2 and (0.1753±0.005)g/cm2 in 24 weeks after operation, in control group before operation was (0.1865±0.002)g/cm2 and (0.1638±0.005)g/cm2 in 24 weeks after operation. There were significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05). Biomechanical show that the pull-out strength in the experimental group was (312.68±8.73 )N/cm2 and (205.43±12.45 ) N/cm2 in control group. There were significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05). The tor-sion strength in experimental group was (80.47±2.51) N/cm2 and (38.52±0.64) N/cm2 in control group. There were significant differ-ence between the two groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Salmon calcitonin can reduce the bone turnover rate around prosthesis and decrease bone absorption in the rabbit of diabetic osteoporosis models, accelerate the bone formation around prosthesis, and increase the BMD. It can ameliorate the quality of bone around prosthesis, improve its biomechanics property, and increase the holding power between prosthesis and body mass. It is of clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening artificial prosthesis.

Objective:To study the percutaneous permeability of quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract in vitro. Methods: Ginkgo Biloba extract was dissolved in 50% ethanol. The percutaneous permeability experiment through mouse skin was conducted using a modified Franz diffusion cell. The penetration amount of quercetin was determined by HPLC. Results:The percutaneous permeability of quercetin in the solution was approximately characterized by zero-order kinetics. Conclusion:Quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract can be absorbed through skin.

This study was aimed to establish a qualitative model of near-infrared spectroscopy in order to accurately and rapidly identify several mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs. The near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with OPUS software was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of these samples. The pattern recognition method was explored through cluster analysis. And the accuracy of the model was verified. The results showed that these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil had their characteristics absorption so that they can be quickly and accurately differentiated from each other through pattern recognition method. It was concluded that based on near-infrared spectroscopic mod-eling, these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs can be quickly and accurately identified.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic expression of Rho kinase(ROCK I) and transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in pulmonary arterioles of rat with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.METHODS: Sixty-four male Wister rats were randomly divided into eight groups: beginning control group,embolism for 3 d,1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks groups and end control group.The pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) model was established by injecting thrombin into jugular vein two times in two weeks and each rat underwent peritoneal injection with tranexamic acid one time a day during experiment to prevent thrombolysis.The mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),relative medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries(PAMT) and vessel wall area/total area(WA/TA) were measured.The levels of ROCK I mRNA and TGF-?1 protein in rat pulmonary artery were determined by in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry and image analysis,respectively.RESULTS: mPAP,PAMT and WA/TA were higher respectively in embolism from 4 weeks group to 12 weeks group than those in beginning control group(mPAP: all P