To adapt to the new trend of the development of pharmacy,the new demand for the undergraduate course of pharmacy in our country is pointed out.That is,in the cultivation of talents in pharmacy,we should attach importance to cultivating students' creativity,the ability of creativity and practical ability.Therefore we can cultivate the talents of pharmacy who are skillful in inventing new medicine,using medicine reasonably and managing medicine canonically.

Assuring the meaning of public administration and establishing the training objectives are the foundation in curriculum management.The curriculum management of the public administration specialty includes five big modules:thought politics theory and public basic course group,specialty fundamental course group,professional course group,specialty direction class group as well as special lectures and practice teaching.

Objective To explore the effects of different swimming training intensities on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) around a cerebral infarct. Methods The intraluminal thread method was applied to establish left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h in 180 rats.They were then reperfused for 3,7 and 14 days.The rats were divided into four groups ( Ⅰ -Ⅳ) according to the intensity of the swimming training they were required to do,plus a control group and a sham operation group.The rats in training group Ⅰ swam 5 min,once daily; group Ⅱ trained for 5 min twice daily; group Ⅲ swam for 10 min once daily and group Ⅳ trained for 10 min twice daily.Neurological function was evaluated using Bederson's test,the cerebral infarction volume was calculated by tripeny tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.The expression of GFAP and bFGF around the infract were detected using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe average Bederson scores of the exercise training groups on the 7th and 14th days were significantly lower than that of the control group.The infarction volumes of each exercise training group were significantly lower than that of the control group,and cells positive for GFAP and bFGF in all training groups were significantly more numerous on the 3th,7th and 14th day after MCAO,especially in training group Ⅳ.Conclusion Intensive exercise can adjust the expression of GFAP and bFGF and promote the repair of brain damage after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

AIM: To analyse the frequencies of individuals of the GSTP1 genotypes among the Han nationality in Guangdong province. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was taken to analyse the GSTP1 genotypes and identify the gene frequencies. RESULTS: The proportion of AA(Ile/Ile),AG(Ile/Val) and GG(Val/Val) genotypes were 57 4%,35 9% and 6 7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of individuals carrying homozygous of the GSTP1 variant allele were 6.7% among the Han nationality in Guangdong province.

In the present study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM) and serotonin (5-HT) immunoreactivity (IR) of APUD cells and nerve fibers in the pylorus and in the skin of "Zusanli" acupo- int of rats were studied using immunohistochemical technique. Forty rats were divided into 20 pairs, one of each pair for EA (bilateral "Zusanli" acupuncture for 20 min), the other one for control. After EA the pain threshold was mark- edly increased(P

damage possibly by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB,accelerating the apoptosis of pancreatic ceils and reducing release of pancreatic enzyme.

Objective:To investigate the effect of PBL+LBL double-track in long-term-system clinical medicine in Gynecology and Obstetrics.Methods:We divided the students of 2001-seven-year-progrems in random into two groups: trial group practiced PBL+LBL double-track teaching,control group practiced LBL teaching.Results The results showed that although the two groups had no significant difference in examinational total score and in foundational subjects,but the trial group had a significant higher score in comprehend subjects.The students exhibited great enthusiasm to the PBL.And the students learned and absorbed more knowledge of gynecology and obstetrics and literature retrieval.The education method played a comprehensive functional role for the teacher-directed and student-oriented tutorial process,and the teaching effects improved.Meanwhile,the teachers need to be prepared with more knowledge to meet the students query.Conclusions:PBL+LBL double-track teaching method can improve the students'activeness and can culture their ability of self-study;and at the same time the new teaching method can remain the systematicness,profundity and extent of knowledge.It is a better way in clinical education,and is well accepted by both students and teachers as it can greatly improve teaching efficacy.

Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are a family of soluble detoxification enzymes which use reduced glutathione(GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions.Toxic electrophiles,including a variety of carcinogens,are substrates for the GSTs and are more easily excreted into bile or urine after conjugation or reduction .The three-dimensional structures of GSTs from several species,including humans,have been determined.GST activity has been found to present in all human tissues,and expression of the various GST isoenzymes differs in degree in the various tissues. Glutathione S-transferases may play a role in the protection of cells against toxic electrophiles and in the resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic agants.The polymorphisms of GSTs genes are one of the important factors that exercise influence on individual susceptibility to cancer.

Objective To explore the relationship between total bile acid(TBA)concentration and fetal pulmonary surfactant in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP).Methods Fifry five patients with ICP(ICP group)who received cesarean section from April 2008 to February 2010 in Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,were recruited.The general conditions of the neonates within 7 days after birth in ICP group were recorded.Those with fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were referred as pathological neonates, others were referred as normal neonates. Over the same period, 23 healthy gravidas were recruited as control group. Enzymatic method was used to detect the TBA concentrations in maternal blood, cord blood and amniotic fluid. ELISA was employed to measure the urfactant protein A (SP-A) concentration in cord blood. High performance liquid chromatography system was used to detect the concentrations of phesphatidylcholine (PC),phosphatidylinositol (PI),lysophosphatidylcholine ( LPC), and sphingomyelin(SM) in amniotic fluid. Results ( 1 ) The concentrations of TBA in maternal blood, cord blood and amniotic fluid were ( 30. 1 ± 7.9 ), (9. 3± 3. 3 ) and (4. 4 ± 1.5 ) mmol/L in ICP group, (4. 8 ± 2. 2), (4. 9 ± 0. 9) and ( 1.4 v 1.1 ) mmol/L in control group, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) The SP-A concentration in cord blood in ICP group was ( 29. 5 ± 6. 4 ) μg/L, significantly higher than that in control group, which was ( 22. 6 ± 7. 4 )μg/L ( P＜ 0. 05 ). ( 3 ) There were 20 pathological neonates and 35 normal neonates in ICP group. In pathological neonates, the concentrations of TBA and SP-A in cord blood were (10.9 ± 2.2) mmol/L,(37.0 ± 5.9 ) μg/L, respectively; and were ( 8.0 ± 2. 8 ) mmol/L, ( 26. 7 ± 4. 8 ) μg/L in normal neonates. The differences were significant (P＜ 0. 05 ). (4) There was a positive correlation between TBA concentration in cord blood and in maternal blood ( r1 = 0. 706, P＜0. 05 ). The TBA concentration in cord blood was positively correlated with SP-A concentration as well ( r3 = 0. 494,P ＜ 0. 05 ). (5) The PC and PI concentrations in amniotic fluid were (65.4 ± 7.2) mg/L and ( 3. 8 ± 0. 6 ) mg/L in ICP group, ( 69. 7 ±3.7) mg/L and (4. 3 ± 0. 7 ) mg/L in control group, respectively. The differences were significant (P ＜0. 05 ). The concentration of LPC in amniotic fluid in ICP group was (4. 8 ±0. 9) mg/L, significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0. 05), which was (4. 2 ±0. 6) mg/L. The concentration of SM in amniotic fluid was (3.5±0. 8) mg/L in ICP group, (4. 0 ± 0. 5 ) mg/L in control group, with no significant difference ( P＞0. 05 ). (6) The ratio of PC/LPC in ICP group ( 14. 2± 3. 2 ) was significantly lower than that in control group ( 16. 9 ± 2. 5 ) ( P＜ 0. 05 ). ( 7 ) The TBA concentration in cord blood was negatively correlated with PC and PI concentrations (r1 = -0. 561, r2 = -0. 407, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and had no correlation with LPC concentration (r3 = 0. 260, P＞ 0. 05). Conclusions ( 1 ) The fetal TBA concentrations in both cord blood and amniotic fluid of patients with ICP was higher than those of healthy gravidas, they were also positively correlated with maternal TBA concentration. (2) ICP resulted in the change of fetal pulmonary surfactant and this change was associated with TBA concentrations in both cord blood and amniotic fluid.