Objective: To extract the syndrome elements of CHD angina pectoris with entropy-based complex system partition method and to analyze the distribution of the syndrome elements, in an effort to study the pathogenetic characteristics of CHD angina pectoris. Methods: The clinical data of 403 patients with CHD angina pectoris were collected by clinical epidemiological survey. Entropy-based Complex System Partition was used to extract the syndrome elements, contribution degree of symptoms to syndrome and diagnostic threshold. The combination rule of the syndrome elements was also analyzed. Results: CHD angina pectoris had the following basic syndromes: Qi Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, Phlegm Turbid syndrome, Phlegm-fire syndrome, Stagnation-fire syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome and Yang Deficiency syndrome. With the increase of syndrome elements, the frequencies of Qi Deficiency syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, and Phlegm turbid syndrome also increased. Qi Deficiency syndrome and Blood Stasis syndrome were the two syndrome elements seen most frequently. Conclusions: The syndrome elements extracted by entropy-based complex system partition method and their distribution rule can reflect the pathogenic characteristics of angina pectoris, which lays a base of quantify the diagnostic criteria of the angina pectoris syndrome.

Translational medicine, a kind of medical scientific practice oriented by patients'demands, emphasizes that basic theoretical study helps enhance clinical effect, transform into new drugs as well as meet major needs of social development and human health. It follows disciplinary development rules of TCM, persists in five-in-one (theory-clinic-new drug-experiment-evidence based) innovative new mode of TCM translational development, accelerates internal transformation of research findings, and promotes clinical effect and disciplinary development driven by the oretical innovation of collateral disease. In terms of the oretical research, establishment of new discipline of TCM collateral disease theory has become a practitioner and typical representative for promotion of TCM industry development. Important position and guiding role of theoretical innovation in disciplinary development has been valued. Systematically constructing ″collateral disease treatment based on syndrome differen?tiation″ and ″meridian-collateral theory″ lay a theoretical foundation for establishment of the discipline. With regard to clinical research, under the guidance of TCM theory-collateral disease theory, systematic researches on Chinese medical pathogenesis, intervention strategy and effective formula of major diseases are conducted; series of innovative Chinese medicines are developed. Through pharmacody?namics study, relevant action mechanisms are investigated and revealed in- depth. Evidence- based medical researches prove that representative activating-collateral drugs developed under guidance of collateral disease theory have great application values in prevention and treatment of major refractory diseases such as ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmia, chronic heart failure, influenza, tumors and diabetes, bringing about significant economic and social benefits. In this way, international cooperation is promoted and internationalization process of innovative Chinese medicine is accelerated. USA FDA phase-Ⅱ clinical research of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules has been successfully launched. Guided by inheritance and innovation of conventional theory of TCM, the new five- in- one mode of development is established. Such a mode conforms to disciplinary development rules of TCM, suffi?ciently exerts core driving effect of TCM theory, realizes combination of theoretical innovation with clinical practice, specialty construction with disciplinary development and clinical research with original new drug, as well as powerfully promotes progress of TCM collateral disease discipline.

In the Qing Dynasty， YE Gui proposed the pathogenesis of "chronic diseases entering the collaterals" as a rule for collateral diseases. In the context of viral respiratory diseases， the course of the disease is considered a relative concept. A systematic review of historical literature reveals that "new pathogens" belong to the category of "new diseases". It identifies that "new diseases" include types where the pathogenic qi initially invades without harming the righteous qi， where old diseases relapse while not being completely cured， and where chronic diseases suddenly flare up. These are not limited to exogenous diseases. "New pathogens" refer to diseases caused by the invasion of warm-heat pathogens， the six excesses， and epidemic qi， differing from the modern traditional Chinese medicine term "new warm diseases" related to latent heat diseases. Based on the "collaterals-meridians-collaterals" transformation pathway described in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） and the pathogenesis of external pathogens entering the zang-fu organs via the meridians as described in Treatise on Febrile Disease （《伤寒论》）， as well as the external warm diseases' transformation rule explained by YE Gui from the perspective of collaterals， the concept of "new pathogen invading the collaterals" is proposed. Further analysis indicates that this concept aligns with the transmission and pathogenesis patterns of viral respiratory diseases. The treatment method of "clearing epidemic pathogens， detoxifying， and spreading the lung to relieve heat" is considered important for the prevention and control of viral respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective:To investigate the cellular immunological regulation mechanism of Zhongjiling tablet on the myasthenia gravis(MG) patients.Methods:The myasthenia gravis patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the curing group and the control group, 30 cases per group. Patients of curing group administered Zhongjiling tablet and prednisone placebo, patients of control group administered prednisone tablet and Zhongjiling tablet placebo. Course of treatment was 12 weeks. The distribution of T lymphocyte subgroup of myasthenia gravis patients was detected by flow cytometry. The content of IFN-?, IL-4 and TGF-? of the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear in vitro were detected by ELISA kits.Results:After treatment, CD4+T cell percentage and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased significantly(P0.05). The IFN-? and IL-4 of treating group depressed, compared with that of pre-treatment, significant difference exited(P

AIM:To investigate COX-2 and iNOS protein contents and their interaction in vascular endothelium injury of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation,and the prevetion and treatment of Tongxinluo.METHODS:The model of vascular endothelium injury of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation was established by using high L-Methionine,with load-carrying swimming or being fastened respectively.Western blotting was used to analyze protein contents of COX-2 and iNOS,co-immunoprecipitation and laser confocal microscopy were used to analyze the interaction between COX-2 and iNOS.Optical microscope and electronic microscope were used to evaluate pathological changes in vascular endothelium.RESULTS:The protein contents of COX-2 and iNOS,and their interaction increased significantly in deficiency of vital energy group and qi stagnation group,in accord with injury of vascular endothelium.Compared with deficiency of vital energy group and qi stagnation group respectively,their protein contents decreased and their interaction was weakened in Tongxinluo groups.CONCLUSION:When protein contents of COX-2 and iNOS increase and their interaction enhance after vascular endothelium injury of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation,initiate exacerbations,Tongxinluo could attenuate the alterations and protect vascular endothelium from injury.

This paper uses the Luobing theory to guide the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and states that lung collateral includes Qi collateral and blood collateral, and is the basis for playing the function of lung of dominating Qi, controlling breathing and connecting all vessels. The concept of Qi channel is different from that of Qi collateral, but its function is closely related to lung collateral. COVID-19 belongs to "pestilence" in traditional Chinese medicine. The epidemic pathogenic factor enters from mouth and nose and then causes the disease. The early characteristics of this disease include the invasion of the lung by the epidemic pathogenic factor, the obstruction of Qi channels, the prevailing of the evil and the retreat of the good, and the deficiency and stagnation of Qi collateral. Generation of toxic heat from inside, obstruction of Qi channels and dysfunction of "breathing and blood transfer" are the key links to the development and aggravation of this disease. Qi disease involves blood, blood wound intrudes into collateral, and blood consumption and hemorrhage are the late outcome of this disease. Based on the experience of doctors of all dynasties in the treatment and medication of pestilence, the treatment principle of active intervention in the early and middle stage is proposed, including focusing on pathogenesis and expelling of toxin, drug use before syndrome onset and active intervention, and the whole regulation and multi-target treatment. Lianhua Qingwen developed under the guidance of Luobing theory can inhibit the activity of novel coronavirus in vitro, relieve clinical symptoms (such as fever, cough, weakness, shortness of breath and so on) and reduce the rate of disease progression to severity. Lianhua Qingke can diffuse the lung, clear the lung heat, relieve cough and reduce sputum. It can be used to relieve the symptoms of cough and sputum in patients with COVID-19, which proves the important scientific value of Luobing theory and collateral-dredging drugs in epidemic prevention and control.

The pathogenesy of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) is approached according to collaterals diseases theory in this study,indicated that defi ciency of both vital energy and yin is the chief pathologic foundation and obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis and phlegm is the critical element in DPN.Furthermore,highlight of differentiation of symptoms and signs,therapeutic principle and diagnosis and treatment based on differentiation are illuminated.This study has supplied a new idea for precaution and treatment of DPN.

Objective To investigate the relationship of fetal total bile acid (TBA) concentration with the change of fetal pancreas endocrine secretion and its impact on fetal growth and development in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP). Methods The concentrations of TBA, insulin, glucagon and glucose in the cord blood were measured in 30 fetuses with maternal ICP (case group) and 30 fetuses of normogravidas(control group) after elective cesarean section during the same period in the Department of Obstetrics of Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March 2007 to February 2008. The cord blood TBA concentration was investigated by enzyme method and the concentrations of insulin and glucagon were investigated by radioimmunoassay. The glucose was measured by oxidase-superoxide method. The neonatal weight, length and the ponderal index (PI) were measured after parturition. Results (1) The cord blood insulin concentration (9.0±3.3) mU/L and the ratio of insulin over glucagon 0. 048±0. 028 in the case group was significantly lower than that of controls(10.1±3.7) mU/L,0.050±0. 020 (P<0.05). The concentrations of TBA(10.3±3. 8)μmol/L and glucagon(235±57) ng/L in case group were obviously higher than that in controls (4.1±1.3)μol/L, (205±34) ng/L(P<0.05). But no difference was shown in the glucose concentration in cord blood between the ease and control groups [(3.4±1.1) mmol/L vs (3.6± 1.2 )mmol/L, P > 0.05]. (2)The neonatal weight and length in case group were significantly lower than that of control [(3163±478) g vs (3498±393)g, (46.5±2.3) cm vs (49.3±1.9)cm, P<0.01]; while the Ponderal index in ease group was significantly higher than that of control group (3.13±0. 23 vs 2. 92±0. 29,P <0.01). (3) The cord blood TBA concentration respectively showed a linear relationship with the cord blood insulin concentration, the cord blood glucagon concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in the case group. With the increase in cord blood TBA concentration, the cord insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon decreased; meanwhile the cord blood glucagon concentration rose(P<0.01). The cord blood insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in case group were respectively positively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and were negatively correlated with the PI (P<0.01); while the cord glucagon concentration was respectively negatively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and positively correlated with the P1 (P < 0.01 ).Conclusions In 1CP fetus pancreas, there are hypoinsulinism, glucagon oversecretion, and decrease of the ratio of insulin over glucagon, which is closely correlated with fetal TBA concentration. The endocrine function of fetal pancreas affects the fetal growth and development.

Objective To examine the clinical effect of simultaneous intervention for heart and lung on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris with Qi deficiencyblood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome.Methods Ninety-six COPD stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris patients with Qi deficiency-blood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome were randomized into control group,Juhong [Exocarpium Citri Rubrum] tablet group,the Tongxinluo (通心络) group and the Ju&Tong group,24 cases in each group.The control group was given western medicine routine therapy.In addition to the treatment of the control group,Juhong tablet 3.6 g was given to the Juhong tablet group orally,twice each day;Tongxinluo capsule 1.04 g was given to the Tongxinluo group orally,three times each day;Juhong tablet and Tongxinluo capsule were given to the Ju&Tong group.Each group was treated for 8 weeks.The following intems were compared before and after treatment including the scores of cough,cough up phlegm,dyspnea and St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ),anginal attacks,durante dolors,nitroglycerin consumption,pulmonary function [including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)],as well as the levels of serum C reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10).Results After treatment,the scores of cough,cough up phlegm,dyspnea and SGRQ decreased in the Juhong tablet group,the Tongxinluo group and the Ju&Tong group.FEV1 and FVC increased.Anginal attacks,durante dolors,nitroglycerin consumption,as well as the levels of serum CRP,IL-1 βand IL-10 decreased.Moreover,the effect of certain indexes in the Ju&Tong group was superior to those in the Juhong tablet group and the Tongxinluo group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Simultaneous intervention for heart and lung might improve clinical symptoms and pulmonary function of COPD stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris with Qi deficiency-blood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome patients.Inhibiting chronic persistent inflammation might be one of the important mechanisms.

Objective:To investigate the vascular protective mechanism of different levels of herbs through detecting activity of HO-1/CO system in arterial tissues of rats with stagnancy of collateral-Qi in deficiency condition.Methods:Healthy male Wistar rats of cleanness level were randomly divided into control group,stagnancy of collateral-Qi in a deficiency condition group(SCQDC group),Renshen group,Shuangshen group,and Tongxinluo group.The ultrastructure of endothelium cells in the artery was observed.RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemical approaches were used to detect JNK,c-Jun mRNA and albumen expression in the arterial tissues.Meanwhile,the content of CO in the arterial tissue was also detected.Results:In SCQDC group,the counts of pinocytotic cells and microvili on the free surface of vascular endothelial cells were significantly decreased;most crests of mitochondria fused with membrane,some even disappeared;serious degranulation was observed in the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum.Immunohistochemistry showed that the HO-1 positive signals in the arterial histiocyte weakened significantly compared with the control group.The HO-1 expression was increased in the 3 treatment groups.Compared with control group,SCQDC group had decreased HO-1 mRNA and albumen expression(P