Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are a family of soluble detoxification enzymes which use reduced glutathione(GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions.Toxic electrophiles,including a variety of carcinogens,are substrates for the GSTs and are more easily excreted into bile or urine after conjugation or reduction .The three-dimensional structures of GSTs from several species,including humans,have been determined.GST activity has been found to present in all human tissues,and expression of the various GST isoenzymes differs in degree in the various tissues. Glutathione S-transferases may play a role in the protection of cells against toxic electrophiles and in the resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic agants.The polymorphisms of GSTs genes are one of the important factors that exercise influence on individual susceptibility to cancer.

AIM: To analyse the frequencies of individuals of the GSTP1 genotypes among the Han nationality in Guangdong province. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was taken to analyse the GSTP1 genotypes and identify the gene frequencies. RESULTS: The proportion of AA(Ile/Ile),AG(Ile/Val) and GG(Val/Val) genotypes were 57 4%,35 9% and 6 7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of individuals carrying homozygous of the GSTP1 variant allele were 6.7% among the Han nationality in Guangdong province.

AIM and METHODS: To examine the relationship of glutathione S-transferase M1( GSTM 1) and T1( GSTT 1) with the occurrence of lung cancer, The case-control study was conducted among 161 lung cancer and 165 healthy controls. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were detected with the method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interaction of between different genotypes as well as between null genotypes and smoking. RESULTS: The frequences of GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 null genotypes had no obvious difference between lung cancer and healthy controls. In non-smoking subjects, the frequence of GSTM 1 null genotype was significantly different between lung cancer and healthy controls. Furthermore, GSTM 1 null genotype was significantly overrepresented in adenocarcinoma patients aged 60 or over, compared with controls.The results from interaction analyses showed although smoking and GSTM 1 deletion were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, GSTM1 and GSTT 1 null genotypes combined with smoking did not have interaction effect on the risk of lung cancer. The risk for adnocarcinoma in the individuals at the age of 60 or over and in nonsmokers without GSTM1 gene but with GSTT1 functional genotype decreased by 48.5% and 45.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that GSTM1 deletion is an important host risk for lung cancer, and imply that GSTT1 functional genotype protects the old (aged 60 or over) and nonsmokers who are lack of GSTM1 gene from the risk of adenocarcinoma.

Aim To explore effects of TCS on the gene expression profiles of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells with microarray technique and further investigate its molecular mechanism. Methods RNA from both control and treated HeLa cells were isolated and reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of cy3 and cy5-labeled dUTP, probes were hybridized with BiostarH-Ⅰ cDNA microarray, chips were scanned and then analyzed by GenePix Pro 3.0 software. Results 78 significantly differently expressed genes were screened out of which up-and down-regulated genes were 62 and 16 respectively. the up-regulated genes were closely related with apoptosis (such as NOP56、TNFSF10、CASP9、DFFB,etc) and the down-regulated genes were associated with the adhesion and interaction between cells (such as COL9A3、LGALS3BP、 MGST3,etc). Conclusion TCS could result in differential expression of multiple genes in HeLa cells, and DNA microarray technique can provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanism of TCS-induced apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma(NVG). Methods Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with NVG were treated by 0.5 mg Lucentis intravitreal injection first. Trabeculectomy was performed 7 days later and Pan retinal photocoagulation 2 weeks later. Iris,anterior chamber angle neovascularization,intraocu?lar pressure ,and visual acuity were observed in the following 6 months. Results Iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization were completely regressed 7 days after the injection in 17 eyes. Six months after photocoagulation, 6 eyes had different degrees of improvement in visual acuity,10 eyes no change in visual acuity and 1 eye decreased from anterior index to immediate manual. There was significant difference in pre?treatment IOP and postoperative IOP( t = 12.75 ,10.26 ,9.73 ,10.77 ,P < 0.01 ). No serious complications were observed after intravitreal injec?tion and trabeculectomy. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of Lucentis could significantly accelerate the regres?sion of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization ,which could improve the successful rate of trabeculecto?my and pan retinal photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for NVG.

AIM:To establish a specific method for the identification of 26 chemical drugs added illegally into analgesic-antipyretic traditional Chinese medicines and health food. METHODS: The liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method was used.Comparing with retention time and spectrums of references in library set up by ourselves,the target compounds in sample were screened and identified. RESULTS: Sixty samples were tested and Naproxen,Ibuprofen and Aspirin were detected out. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate,sensitive and easy to operate, which is first reported in China and so many compounds could be detected at the same time.

Objective: To observe the treatment effect of acupoint sticking at Shenque (CV 8) with ginger-preparedBan Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) on nausea and vomiting induced by Amifostine for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
Methods: Totally 124 eligible subjects intervened by Amifostine were randomized into 2 groups by the visiting order,an observation group and a control group,62 in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional treatment, while the observation group was by acupoint sticking at Shenque (CV 8) with ginger-preparedBan Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) in addition to the same conventional treatment. The occurrence rate of nausea and vomiting in the two groups were observed.
Results: After intervention, the occurrence rate of nausea and vomiting in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Acupoint sticking at Shenque (CV 8) with ginger-prepared Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae)can produce a content effect on nausea and vomiting induced by Amifostine for MDS.

Objective To determine the significance of renin angiotensin system (RAS) expressed on placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods The expression of placental angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor (AT 1R) and angiotensinogen (AGT) in patients with PIH ( n =20) were investigated and compared with controls ( n =15) using immunohistochemistry and semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results AT 1R was mainly found in the syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts,the vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The expression of AT 1R in PIH group (112.43?11.75) was higher than that of control group (170.47? 10.59) ( P

Objective To explore the role and expression of cell apoptosis regulatory genes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by hippocampus sclerosis.Methods The experimental specimens were obtained from 15 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (epilepsy group) and 6 control samples (control group) were obtained from temporal lobe excision of brain trauma decompression,investigated neuron apoptosis by HE stain,TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method,and determined the expression of bcl-2,bax and caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry.Results The evidence of neuron apoptosis was not found by HE stain in both control group and epilepsy group.Positive cells was not found in control group,but was obviously observed in epilepsy group by TUNEL staining [(4.39 ± 2.04) numbers/100].Unlike that in normal adult brain,bcl-2 immunoreactivity was obviously observed in some neurons in epilepsy group[(6.72 ± 3.36) numbers/100] (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with control group,bax protein in epilepsy group was mild expression (P ＞ 0.05).Two cases in control group were detected the expression of caspase-3 protein,and caspase-3 significantly increased in epilepsy group [(1.07 ± 0.43),(9.54 ± 3.68) numbers/100] (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Neuron apoptosis is an important cause of hippocampal sclerosis of human epilepsy.bcl-2 and caspase-3 may play an important role in this process.

Objective To investigate and analyze clinical obstetrics and gynecology clinicians' mastery of basic skills, and then find the way to help clinicians master basic clinical skills. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among 310 clinicians working in 1-3 grade hospital from Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan provinces anonymously by spot field investigation and letter-investigations from February 1, 2015 and to March 31, 2015. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, using SPSS 19.0 software package for rank sum test analysis. Result Among 310 valid questionnaires, 31.6% (98) clinicians considered having inadequate clinical skills, 26% (81) average and 42.3%(131) expert. All the basic skills obtained had a relationship with the number of operations, working years and professional title. Most of the basic clinical skills were from working in hospitals 85% (270), journal 82% (254), academic conference 58% (174); 94.2% (293) willing to participate in training classes like clinical teaching and training in moulds. Conclusion The gynecology and obstet-rics basic clinical skills have a great relationship with basic skills training. Providing opportunities for the basic clinical skill trainings, academic conferences, in-service education and establishing regional medical source sharing platform can enhance their clinical skills.