Objective To investigate the manifestations of MR imaging and histopathology of early postoperative normal brain, and to define the correlation between MRI and histopathology. Methods Thirty six New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0 to 3.0 kg were divided into 10 groups according to the different postoperative days: 1 to 10 day. Six animals were in groups 3, 5, 7, 10, and 2 were in the other groups. A partial resection of the parietooccipital region was performed under the usual aseptic conditions after the animals were anesthetized intravenously with 3% pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). MR imaging procedures consisted of pre and postcontrast scanning were carried out on postoperative 1 to 10 day respectively. Brain tissue samples were obtained to be prepared for examinations immediately after MR scanning. Histopathological study was made under microscope and electron microscope. The findings of MRI were compared with pathology findings. Results (1) Surgical margin contrast enhancement on MR images could be seen 24 hours after surgery. (2) The degree of contrast enhancement increased gradually before 5 days postoperatively, and no remarkable changes were present from 5 to 10 days. (3) The disruption of blood brain barrier(BBB) is the main cause of contrast enhancement during the postoperative 3 days. After that period, mechanism responsible for contrast enhancement is the formation of neovascularity and broken BBB, an increase in the number of neovascularity play a predominant role in the contrast enhancement in normal postoperative brain tissue. Conclusion The characteristics of enhanced MRI present at the surgical margin followed a typical time course during the early postoperative period. The role of neovascularity and BBB disruption in the formation of contrast enhancement at surgical margin vary with time. Knowledge of the characteristics on postoperative MR images of the normal brain can help in differentiating benign changes from malignant gliomas residual.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on spinal pathology and ultrastructure after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and probe into the protective role of tacrolimus (FK506) on neural regeneration.MethodsCompressive SCI at T8 was induced in the adult SD rats,which were randomly assigned to the control group,FK506 group,NSCs group and NSCs + FK506 group.The differences of neural regeneration in each group were compared at days 7,14,28 and 56 after injury by motor evoked potentials ( MEP),HE staining,immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructure observation and image analysis of the myelinated fiber. ResultsThe MEP latency in the NSCs + FK506 group was significantly shorter than that in other groups at day 28 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).HE staining revealed that only local necrosis presented in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.More BrdU and NF-200 positive cells were detected with immunohistochemical staining in the other three groups as compared with the control group.Moreover,the positive cells in the NSCs + FK506 group also outnumbered the FK506 group and NSCs group.Electron microscope scan showed edema under the membrane of large myelin sheath in the control group,and classic new myelin sheath and neuraxis in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.The regeneration of the nerve fiber in the NSCs + FK506 group was better than that of other three groups (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionAfter NSCs transplantation for SCI rats,the early combination use of FK506 can improve the pathology and ultrastructure of the regenerative nerve fiber and is conducive to nerve regeneration.

Objective To explore the impact of pre-implant hearing aid fitting on the early open-set word recognition in children who received a cochlear implant(CI) when they were infants .Methods A total of 289 chil‐dren who received a cochlear implant between 0 .9 and 3 .0 years of age were included in this study .According to pre-implant hearing aid fitting ,participants were divided into hearing aid group and non-hearing aid group .The open-set word identification abilities of the cochlear implant children were evaluated via Mandarin Lexical Neighborhood test(M -LNT) .Results Comparisons of the scores of M -LNT between two groups displayed no significant differ‐ence at the same identification age or duration of CI use .Conclusion The abilities of the early open-set word rec‐ognition between hearing aid group and non-hearing aid group didn’t make significant differences for the CI chil‐dren w ho received a cochlear implant betw een 0 .9 and 3 .0 years old .

Objective To explore the value of transrectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.Methods Forty patients with final diagnosis of advanced(T≥3) rectal cancer were respectively examined with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS),endorectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) before and after neoadjuvant therapy(NET).The tumor size,strain ratio and quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound including arrival time(AT),time-to-peak (TTP),peak intensity(PI) and area under the curve(AUC) were recorded and compared before and after NET.In addition,the TRUS stages and postoperative pathological diagnosis were compared after NET.Results ①There were significant decreases in tumor size and strain ratio after the therapy compared with pre-therapy in all these patients(t =-6.13,P ＜0.001;t =-24.92,P ＜ 0.001).②PI and AUC were lower after NET than those of pre-therapy and the differences were significant(t =-9.66,P =0.001;t =-13.58,P ＜0.001).However,the changes of AT and TTP were no statistical significances (t =-1.17,P =0.307;t =-1.26,P =0.275).③The accuracys of preoperative TRUS for T stage and N stage of tumor evaluated according to pathology were respectively 75.0 ％ (30/40,Kappa =0.593,P =0.000) and 72.5 ％ (29/40,Kappa =0.396,P =0.009).Conclusions Transrectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound can reflect the pathological changes and perfusion characteristics of lesions in a certain extent and have high value in clinical therapy.

Objective To observe the blood flow changes of left ventricular cavity and quantify the energy loss (EL) and circulation of left ventricular during systole and diastole in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) via vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers and 32DCM patients were enrolled.According to the severity of mitral regurgitation(MR),DCM patients were divided into two groups.The quantitative parameters,including average energy loss(EL-base,EL mid,EL-apex) and circulation (vortex quantity,vortex area,circulation) were measured in the different periods of VFM imaging mode in apical four-chamber view,apical three-chamber view and apical two-chamber view respectively.The difference of parameters was evaluated between different groups during the different periods.The early transmitral valve blood flow velocity E,the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity A,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral valve velocity E/e,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity E/A and Tei index were derived via dual-Doppler imaging technology.Meanwhile,the correlation between VFM parameters with E,A,E/A,E/e or Tei index was also analyzed.Results ①The level of EL were decreased significantly among EL-mid and EL-apex during early diastole,EL-mid during mid-systole,EL-mid and EL-apex during late-systole (P ＜0.05),when compared with the control group.The vortex quantity,vortex area and circulation during early diastole and the vortex area and circulation during atrial contraction period were significantly different between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).As for mid-diastole,only vortex area showed significant difference (P ＜0).01).(②) When compared with different grades of MR in DCM patients,the level of all segments EL during diastole and EL-base during systole increased with severity of MR(P ＜0.05).The circulation during diastole also increased with the severity of MR(P ＜0.05).③The vortex area and circulation had positive correlation with E/e during diastole in all subjects(all P ＜0.05).The vortex area during atrial contraction period and early diastole had positive correlation with E/A and Tei index in all subjects(r =0.630,0.345,0.468,0.316,0.663,0.264,respectively,allP ＜0.01).EL-mid during late-systole were negatively correlated with LV end diastolic volume,end systolic volume,but positively correlated with ejection fraction in all subjects(r =0.335,-0.312,0.340,respectively,all P ＜0.05).While,there was positive correlation between E/A with the basal segment of mid-diastole(r =0.376,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The visualization of hydromechanics inside the heart of DCM patients could be directly accomplished by VFM,which can provide a new method for diagnosis and evaluation of DCM.

OBJECTIVE To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) com-bined with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of middle and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:76 patients with middle and advanced primary HCC were randomly divided into treatment group(36 cases) and control group(40 cases). Control group was given TACE alone,and treatment group was additionally given HIFU 2-3 weeks after TACE. Clinical efficacy,the content of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)before and after operation,survival rate,survival period and ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The efficiency rate and total effective rate of treatment group were 61.1% and 94.4%,which were significantly higher than those of control group(35.0%,77.5%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). The content of AFP in 2 groups decreased significantly after operation,with statistical significance(P<0.05);there also was statistical significance between 2 groups(P<0.05). Survival rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group 24 and 36 months after operation,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The median survival time was 11.3 months in treatment group and 9.2 month in control group,with no statistical difference(P>0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Com-pared with TACE alone,TACE combined with HIFU in the treatment of middle and advanced primary HCC can improve long-term survival rate and the short-term efficacy,with good safety.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the findings of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathology in early postoperative normal brain, and to define the correlation between MR images and histopathology.

METHODSThirty-six New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0 to 3.0 kg were divided into 10 groups according to different postoperative days: 1 to 10 days. A partial resection of the parietooccipital region was performed under usual aseptic conditions after the animals were anesthetized intravenously with 3% pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). MR imaging procedures consisted of pre- and postcontrast scanning and were carried out on postoperative days 1 to 10. Brain tissue samples were prepared for examination immediately after MR scanning. Histopathological examination was done under light both and electron microscopes. The findings of MR imaging were compared with histopathologic findings.

RESULTSSurgical margin contrast enhancement on MR images could be seen 24 hours after surgery. The degree of contrast enhancement increased gradually up to 5 days postoperation, and no remarkable changes were present from days 5 to 10. Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) was the main cause of contrast enhancement during the first 3 postoperative days. After that period, the mechanism responsible for contrast enhancement was the formation of neovascularity and a broken BBB. An increase in the amount of neovascularity played a predominant role in contrast enhancement in normal postoperative brain tissue.

CONCLUSIONSThe features of enhanced MR images present at the surgical margin followed a typical time course during the early postoperative period. The role of neovascularity and BBB disruption in the formation of contrast enhancement at the surgical margin varies with time. Knowledge of the features of contrast enhancement in postoperative MR images of normal brain can help in differentiating benign changes from residual malignant glioma.

Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Dura Mater ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Edema ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemostatic effects of local packing of Nasopore combined with hemocoagulase injection and local packing of Nasopore combined with saline injection for postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery by a double-blind, randomized control clinical trial. METHOD: Sixty-eight cases of chronic sinusitis needed functional endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into the experimental group of 40 cases and control group of 28 cases, respectively. For the experimental group, 1 U of hemocoagulase dissolved in 0.5 ml saline was injected into Nasopore which was packed into the nasal cavity after operation. For the control group, 0.5 ml of saline was injected. The postoperative bleeding of the two groups were scored by visual analogue scale. RESULT: There was statistically significant difference between the bleeding VAS scores assessed 6 hours and the ones assessed 1, 2 and 3 days after the operation in the control group (P < 0.05). There was the statistically significant difference between the bleeding VAS scores of experimental group and control group assessed 6 h after the operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The hemocoagulase may improve the hemostatic effect of Nasopore 6 hours after the operation by combined injection with Nasopore as nasal cavity packing.
Bandages ; Batroxobin ; administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE To analyze mutation of POMT1 gene in a Chinese family affected with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). METHODS Peripheral blood samples of the family including one affected and two unaffected individuals, in addition with chorionic villous sample from the fetus, were collected. PCR was used to amplify exons 19 and 20 of the POMT1 gene, and the products were sequenced directly. Based on the result of genetic testing, prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was attained. RESULTS The proband was found to carry a heterozygous missense mutation c.1939G>A (p.Ala647Thr) in exon 19 of the POMT1 gene inherited from the mother and a heterozygous frameshift mutation c.2141delG (p.Trp714Ter) in exon 20 inherited from the father. Prenatal diagnosis revealed that the fetus has carried the c.1939G>A (p.Ala647Thr) missense mutation. With the disease causing mutation, the fetus was predicted to have similar phenotype as its mother. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous mutations of c.1939G>A (p.Ala647Thr) and c.2141delG (p.Trp714Ter) probably underlie the CMD in this family. Based on the result, prenatal diagnosis may be provided.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of using PCR-based capillary electrophoresis method to analysis mutation of the TOR1A gene in a family affected with primary torsion dystonia (PTD).

METHODSPeripheral blood sample was collected from proband and amnionic fluid from her fetus for the extraction of DNA. The 5th exon of the TOR1A gene and its flanking sequences were amplified with PCR and analyzed with agarose electrophoresis, fluorescence labeled fragment analysis and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSFluorescence labeled fragment analysis was performed through capillary electrophoresis, which showed that the proband carried a c.907_909delGAG (p.Glu303del) deletional mutation of the TOR1A gene. The result was verified by Sanger sequencing. The fetus DNA was also found with the same mutation by capillary electrophoresis, inferring that the fetus was probably affected with the disease.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of c.907_909delGAG of the TOR1A gene was speculated as pathologic cause of proband in this family. Fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis combined with DNA sequencing is an efficient test for small deletional mutations and feasible for its prenatal diagnosis.

Adult ; Dystonia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; Mutation ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA