Objective T o study the m orphological characteristics of the injury caused by ox horn on hu-m an body and its injury m echanism , and to discuss the rules and characteristics of injury by ox horn and provide forensic evidences for identification of such cases. Methods T he com parative analysis of po-sition and m orphological characteristics w ere perform ed by sum m arizing the data of 100 victim s gored by ox accepted by H eilongjiang agricultural areas public security bureau during 2004-2014. Results T he specific injuries only could be found at the contact positions such as thorax and abdom en, low er back and lim bs of the victim s gored by ox horn. M ost of the skin w ounds had the characteristics of sharp in-juries, the bar-type injury by club w hich called rail w ay bruise w as an obvious characteristic appeared on the soft tissue. Conclusion O x horn can cause non-specific injuries on thorax and abdom en , low er back and lim bs of hum an body, w hich are sim ilar w ith the characteristics of sharp injury and injury by club. C areful analyzation and identification should be perform ed on such injury in daily w ork.

Objective To explore the efficacy of laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication treatment of hiatal hernia combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods Forty one patients' medical record information of hiatal hernia combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease that underwent laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication were collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from October 2012 to October 2015.Thirty six cases were adopted pure hiatal hernia suture,2 cases were used biological patch repair,1 case used Johnson PHY patch repair,1 case used Bade patch repair,and 1 case used Tyco hiatal hernia dedicated anti-blocking patch repair.These patients were carried out 24 hours esophageal pH monitoring,esophageal manometry,gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERDQ) score and postoperative complications before surgery and 6 months postoperative.The clinical efficacy of laparoscopic Floppy Nissen fundoplication treatment of hiatal hernia combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease was retrospectively analyzed.Results There was no perioperative deaths and serious complications during perioperation.The reflux symptoms were significantly improved postoperative.There was significantly lower in reflux time [(1.40 ± 2.10) h],the number of reflux (29.83 ± 19.71),acid reflux time percentage [(6.47 ± 8.79) ％],and DeMeester score (7.28 ± 7.38) than the preoperative [(2.04 ± 1.91) h,(120.40 ±82.72),(9.90 ±9.27)％,and (28.23 ±42.16),respectively].GERD Q scale score (7.18 ± 1.33) was significantly lower than preoperative (10.91 ± 2.02) with statistically significant difference (P ＜0.05).lower esophagealsphincter (LES) pressure [minimum resting breathing (7.24 ± 6.86) mmHg,and mean resting breathing (12.91 ± 6.89) mmHg] was significantly increased than preoperative [(0.70 ±6.15) mmHg,and (7.33 ± 7.72) mmHg,respectively].Residual pressure [average (8.16 ± 3.82) mmHg,and maximum (16.10 ± 12.05)mmHg] was significantly increased than preoperative [(4.36 ±4.77) mmHg,and (7.49 ± 5.15) mmHg,respectively].Relaxation rate [(58.50 ± 25.47) ％] was significantly reduced than preoperative [(62.27 ± 27.55) ％].However,swallowing invalid [(11.25 ± 21.04) ％]was increased than preoperative [(6.36 ± 10.26)％],with statistically significant difference (P ＜0.05).The median follow-up was 10 months,and there was no recurrence during follow-up.ConclusionsLaparoscopic Toupet fundoplication can effectively inhibit reflux symptoms,and increase LES pressure,which is worthy of promotion.However,there is slightly higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia.

In recent years, the research on boron-containing drugs, especially boric acid drugs, has been increasing gradually.Boron-containing drugs, which have been a new area of research for pharmaceutical chemists in the development of new drugs, play an increasingly important anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-tumor role.At present, five boron-containing drugs have been approved, many are under clinical trials, and more are under investigation around the world, which has greatly expanded the application of boron in the research of new drugs.This paper introduces the characteristics of boron, and reviews the indications of representative boron-containing drugs in various research stages, their binding mechanisms with targets, and their progress after entering clinical trials, aiming to provide reference for further research on boron-containing drugs.

Objective To validate the efficiency of 27-plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplex system for ancestry inference. Methods The 27-plex SNP system was validated for its sensitivity and species specificity. A total of 533 samples were collected from African, Southern Chinese Han, China's ethic minorities (Yi, Hui, Miao, Tibet, and Uygur), European, Central Asian, Western Asian, Southern Asian, Southeast Asian and South American populations for clustering analysis of the genotypes by citing 3 representative continental ancestral groups [East Asia (CHB), Europe (CEU), and Africa (YRI)] from HapMap database. Results The system sensitivity is 0.125 ng. Twenty and six genotypes were detected in chimpanzee and monkeys, respectively. Except in rs10496971, no more products were found in other animals. The system was capable of differentiating intercontinental populations but not of distinguishing between East Asian and Southeast Asian population or between Southern Chinese Han population and Chinese Ethnic populations (Hui, Miao, Yi and Tibet). This system achieved a 100%accuracy for intercontinental population source inference for 46 blind test samples. Conclusion 27-plex SNPs multiplex system has a high sensitivity and species specificity and can correctly differentiate the ancestry origins of individuals from African, European and East Asian for criminal case investigation. But this system is not capable of distinguishing subpopulation groups and more specific ancestry-informative markers are needed to improve its recognition of Southeast Asian and Chinese ethnic populations.

Objective:To analyze the protective effect of dust masks worn by super absorbent polymer (SAP) dust-exposed workers and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of mask.Methods:In March 2017, forty nine SAP dust-exposed workers in a large chemical enterprise were selected as subjects. The respirator fitness tester was used to test the protective effect of dust mask before and after training, and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of dust mask was analyzed.Results:After training, the qualified rate of dust mask protective effect of SAP dust-exposed workers was 95.92% (47/49) , which was significantly higher than that before training [63.31% (32/49) ], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=14.69, P<0.01) . When the total protective effect was qualified, the fit factor ( FF) decreased significantly when speaking aloud and bending down ( Z=-2.59, -4.20, P<0.01) . The qualified rates of protective effect of each exercise were significantly different (χ 2=42.70, P<0.01) , among which the qualified rates of deep breath was the highest (100.00%) , and the qualified rate of bending down was the lowest (70.21%) . Conclusion:Strengthening the training of workers to wear masks correctly is helpful to improve their respiratory protection efficiency. Under the condition that the total protective effect of dust masks is qualified, workers should try to avoid unnecessary actions, especially speaking aloud and bending down frequently.

Objective:To analyze the protective effect of dust masks worn by super absorbent polymer (SAP) dust-exposed workers and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of mask.Methods:In March 2017, forty nine SAP dust-exposed workers in a large chemical enterprise were selected as subjects. The respirator fitness tester was used to test the protective effect of dust mask before and after training, and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of dust mask was analyzed.Results:After training, the qualified rate of dust mask protective effect of SAP dust-exposed workers was 95.92% (47/49) , which was significantly higher than that before training [63.31% (32/49) ], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=14.69, P<0.01) . When the total protective effect was qualified, the fit factor ( FF) decreased significantly when speaking aloud and bending down ( Z=-2.59, -4.20, P<0.01) . The qualified rates of protective effect of each exercise were significantly different (χ 2=42.70, P<0.01) , among which the qualified rates of deep breath was the highest (100.00%) , and the qualified rate of bending down was the lowest (70.21%) . Conclusion:Strengthening the training of workers to wear masks correctly is helpful to improve their respiratory protection efficiency. Under the condition that the total protective effect of dust masks is qualified, workers should try to avoid unnecessary actions, especially speaking aloud and bending down frequently.

Objective To validate the efficiency of 27-plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplex system for ancestry inference. Methods The 27-plex SNP system was validated for its sensitivity and species specificity. A total of 533 samples were collected from African, Southern Chinese Han, China's ethic minorities (Yi, Hui, Miao, Tibet, and Uygur), European, Central Asian, Western Asian, Southern Asian, Southeast Asian and South American populations for clustering analysis of the genotypes by citing 3 representative continental ancestral groups [East Asia (CHB), Europe (CEU), and Africa (YRI)] from HapMap database. Results The system sensitivity is 0.125 ng. Twenty and six genotypes were detected in chimpanzee and monkeys, respectively. Except in rs10496971, no more products were found in other animals. The system was capable of differentiating intercontinental populations but not of distinguishing between East Asian and Southeast Asian population or between Southern Chinese Han population and Chinese Ethnic populations (Hui, Miao, Yi and Tibet). This system achieved a 100%accuracy for intercontinental population source inference for 46 blind test samples. Conclusion 27-plex SNPs multiplex system has a high sensitivity and species specificity and can correctly differentiate the ancestry origins of individuals from African, European and East Asian for criminal case investigation. But this system is not capable of distinguishing subpopulation groups and more specific ancestry-informative markers are needed to improve its recognition of Southeast Asian and Chinese ethnic populations.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety between laparoscopic total extraperitoneal prosthetic (TEP) and Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy in the treatment of inguinal hernia (IH).

METHODSClinical data of 158 IH patients at our hospital from October 2015 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 158 patients, 85 patients underwent TEP (TEP group), and 73 underwent Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy(Lichtenstein group). Patients of TEP group received general anesthesia. The space between suprapubic space and iliac fossa was separated with attention to protect the spermatic cord during the operation so as to avoid excessive separation. When the patch was placed, the internal margin exceeded the contralateral pubic tubercle, the lateral margin reached the anterior superior iliac spine, there was at least 2 cm overlap between the superior margin and the joint tendon, the lower margin was inserted into the suprapubic bladder space(Retzius space), and the lateral lower margin was at least 6 cm to internal ring. Lichtenstein group received local anesthesia or continuous epidural anesthesia and all underwent routine Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy. Operative time, postoperative conditions and recurrence were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAmong these 158 patients, 129 were male and 29 were female, with an age ranging from 26 to 75 years (median 42 years). Baseline data were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05). There was no perioperative death and serious complications in two groups. The difference was not statistically significant in operative time[(47.6±5.4) minutes vs. (48.9±6.3) minutes, t=0.238, P=1.024]. But TEP group was better than Lichtenstein group in terms of intraoperative blood loss [(7.53±2.31) ml vs. (11.41±4.49) ml, t=5.783, P=0.032], postoperative bedtime [(1.25±0.32) days vs. (2.83±0.52) days, t=5.294, P=0.041], postoperative hospital stay [(2.38±1.14) days vs. (3.46±1.81) days, t=5.482, P=0.037], and postoperative pain score (1.27±0.47 vs. 3.42±1.93, t=5.639, P=0.034). Follow-up was 12-16 months (median 10 months). In TEP and Lichtenstein group after operation, incision infection occurred in both 1 case, edema of the scrotum or labia minora developed in 2 patients and 3 cases respectively, chronic pain was found in one and 2 cases respectively. The patients were followed up for 5 to 16 months(median 10 months), and recurrences was observed in 1 case both in TEP group and Lichtenstein group respectively.

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic total extraperitoneal prosthetic is safe and effective in the treatment of inguinal hernia, which is better than Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy in fast recovery, less trauma and more comfort, and worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety among laparoscopic Nissen, Toupet and Dor fundoplication in the treatment of hiatal hernia complicated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODSClinical data of 276 patients of hiatal hernia complicated with GERD undergoing operation in our hospital from December 2012 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 149 patients of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (Nissen group), 41 of laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (Toupet group), and 86 patients of laparoscopic Dor fundoplication (Dor group). Esophageal reflux status, esophageal manometry, GERD Q rating scale, and postoperative recovery were compare among the three groups.

RESULTSReflux status was improved significantly in the three groups after operation(all P<0.05),except that the efficacy in reducing reflux episodes and reflux longest time was not obvious in Toupet group(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative reflux time, acid reflux time ratio, reflux longest time ratio, DeMeester score among the three groups (all P>0.05). Pairwise comparison showed that Dor group was significantly better than Toupet group in reducing the number of reflux episode(14.36±10.58 vs. 29.83±19.71) and long-reflux (0.64±0.21 vs. 6.20±3.48)(both P<0.05), but Nissen group was better than these two groups in reducing the number of long-reflux (0.38±0.16, P<0.05). As compared to pre-operation, the postoperative esophageal sphincter pressure and residual pressure increased significantly, and the relaxation rate reduced significantly (all P<0.05), while the episode of ineffective swallowing increased significantly in Toupet group (11.25±2.04 vs. 6.36±3.26, P<0.05). The contrast in esophageal manometry between Toupet and Dor group showed that Dor group was better than Toupet group in the recovery of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (mean resting breathing) [(20.69±13.95) mmHg vs.(12.91±6.89) mmHg] and the decrease of ineffective swallowing [9.15±6.44 vs. 11.25±2.04](both P<0.05), while such results of Dor group were similar to Nissen group[(19.87±10.40) mmHg, 6.15±2.95, all P>0.05]. The GERD Q scores were significantly decreased after operation in 3 groups(Nissen group:10.94±2.20 vs.7.41±1.43, t=11.667, P=0.001; Toupet group: 10.91±2.02 vs.7.18±1.33, t=5.109, P=0.005; Dor group: 10.69±1.69 vs. 7.10±1.30, t=7.610, P=0.002). There was no significant difference in GERD Q scores among three groups (F=1.465, P=0.207). The operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and complications were not significantly different among 3 groups (all P>0.05). Follow-up period was 12-51 months (median 19 months), and no significant difference in recurrence was found [Nissen group: 2 cases (1.3%), Toupet group: 1 case (2.4%), Dor group: 1 case (1.2%), χ=0.363, P=0.834].

CONCLUSIONSIt is safe and feasible for these three laparoscopic fundoplications to the treatment of hiatal hernia complicated with GERD. But laparoscopic Nissen and Dor fundoplication are better than Toupet fundoplication in reducing the number of reflux episodes, suppressing long reflux, increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure (mean resting respiration) and decreasing the incidence of postoperative dysphagia.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; physiology ; surgery ; Fundoplication ; methods ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; surgery ; Hernia, Hiatal ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Manometry ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the value of combined detection of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),neuron specific enolase(NSE)and S-100 calcium binding protein β(S-100β)in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of acute cerebral infarction(ACI)in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning(CMP).Methods A total of 102 patients with CMP complicated with ACI admitted to the hospital from Jan-uary 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the study group,meanwhile,102 patients with simple CMP were enrolled as the control group.Patients in the study group were followed up for 6 months after discharge,ac-cording to the follow-up results,they were grouped into good prognosis group(60 cases)and poor prognosis group(42 cases).The serum levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the value of the combination of serum Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with CMP and ACI.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the study group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined detection of serum Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the diagnosis of CMP complicat-ed with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.001).Compared with the good prognosis group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the poor prognosis group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the combined detection of ser-um Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the prognosis of patients with CMP complicated with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in serum of patients with CMP complicated with ACI is high,and the combined detection of the three has certain value in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for patients with CMP complicated with ACI.