It is necessary to carry out bilingual teaching in medical vocational education.However,there are many difficulties of bilingual education,such as paying insufficient attention to bilingual education in the schools,the lack of bilingual education teachers and unevenness of students in English.In order to solve the problems the medical vocation schools should develop policies and methods of bilingual education and enhance bilingual teacher training and increase the investment of both hardware and software for bilingual teaching.

Meridian, collateral and acupoints is the basic course of acupuncture and moxibustion and even is the core for training excellent acupuncture physician. Associated with the characters of international students, the writers had the preliminary exploration and practice on teaching this course. For the acupoint names, the international codes of acupoints and Chinese pinyin were applied in combination and the meanings of acupoint were explained to deepen the understanding of acupoints. For acupoint location, the international standards and classical medical works were combined and the experiences in acupoint location were introduced additionally to open the approach to acupoint location. For acupoint effect, the major functions and ancient medical cases were combined to improve the learning interests. For acupoint location practice, the demonstration by teachers was combined with practice and drawing of acupoints and meridians was supplemented to consolidate the foundational knowledge.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; China ; Humans ; Internationality ; Learning ; Meridians ; Students

Objective To explore the outpatients′experience of caring and provide references for improving their experience of medical care.Methods The phenomenology research method was adopted in this study,and twenty-one outpatients were subject to an in-depth interview to learn their outpatient experiences.Results Ten themes of experience with caring were extracted as follows:passionate and patient,careful and considerate,respect for others,offers to help,encouraging and comforting,apologies and courteously,humor,truthful considerations,conscientious and responsible,and a caring environment setup.Five themes of experience without caring were extracted as follows:impatient communication, careless seeing of outpatients,delayed service,passive reminders,and facilities without enough details. Conclusions The outpatients may have abundant experiences of caring at the outpatient clinic,also lack of caring sometimes as well.Outpatient managers should keep an eye on outpatients′needs and satisfaction of caring from time to time,to improve the quality of outpatient service.

Pulse-taking, as one of the four diagnostic methods of inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and pulse-taking, can fully embodies the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Pulse-taking is the teaching key point for the international students. However, because the pulsetheory and literature is quite profound and abstract and there is a long distance between the class teaching and clinical practice, the teaching of pulse-taking is also the difficult point for the international students. Therefore, the pulse-taking teaching should focus on the interesting teaching, the culture of traditional Chinese medicine of pulse, image teaching and practice training.

Aim To investigate the effects of bone morphogenic protein(BMP)-7 on the expression of extracelluar matrix components(ColⅠand FN)in human renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)induced by transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1),and to explore the inhibition of BMP-7 on renal interstitial fibrosis.Methods HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-?1,BMP-7,or a combination of both for 48 h.The expression of FN was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of FN and ColⅠ?1.Results Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that FN staining in 3 ?g?L-1 TGF-?1 group was considerably stronger than that in control group.By an addition of 200 ?g?L-1 BMP-7,the expression of FN was significantly inhibited.RT-PCR and Western blot showed the mRNA and protein expression of FN and ColⅠ?1 were up-regulated by TGF-?1 after 48 hours significantly(P

Objective To explore the relation between the Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2)-807 C/T gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. Methods 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were selected from the hospital. According to the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) standards, 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were divided into diabetes without diabetic nephropathy (T2DM) and DN group, and 90 healthy people were selected as normal control (NC) group. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.And the genotypes and allele frequencies distribution were assessed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results compared with the control group,plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN group blood were significantly higher (P < 0.05). ITGA2 gene - 807 - c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency in DN group were statistically significant (P<0.05). CT+TT genotypes and T allele frequency in DN group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).The relative risk for DN in subjects carrying T allele was 1.72 times of that in the C allele carriers(OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.72 ~ 2.517). And compared with control group and the DN group, ITGA2 gene-807-c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency differences in T2DM group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of ITGA2-807C/T gene is associated with the development of DN in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. The T allele may be a genetic susceptibility genes for DN, which may promote the level of TC high expression and increase the risk of DN.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oblique angle, diplopia and stereoacuity before and after rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery in patients with restrictive strabismus caused by thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Data from 18 patients (19 eyes) with restrictive strabismus caused by TAO, who underwent rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery from July 2010 to June 2013 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were analyzed retrospectively. Eight patients (8 eyes) or 5 patients (5 eyes) with hypotropia were operated with inferior rectus recession or superior rectus recession. Two patients (2 eyes) with esohypertropia or 3 patients (4 eyes) with esotropia were operated with inferior rectus recession plus medial rectus recession or medial rectus recession. Two patients (1 hypotropia, 1 esotropia) underwent orbital decompression surgery before strabismus surgery. All patients were performed rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery, and the oblique angle, diplopia view and stereopsis test were examined before and after the operation. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. The preoperative prism were 20(Δ)- 80(Δ) and postoperative prism were 2(Δ)-10(Δ). There was diplopia on the primary position before surgery in 16 patients. After surgery, the diplopia in 14 patients disappeared on the primary and 15° down gaze, and 2 patients had not diplopia on the primary position but residual diplopia on inferior field. Two patients had stereopsis before surgery, and the numbers of patients raised to 14 after surgery. Compared with pre-operation, changes of the above measured indexs in post-operation were significant difference (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery is effective to improve oblique angle and diplopia in restrictive strabismus caused by TAO, which can improve patient's living quality.
Decompression, Surgical ; Diplopia ; Graves Ophthalmopathy ; complications ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles ; surgery ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera ; surgery ; Strabismus ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

Objective TostudythedistributioncharacteristicsofModicchanges(MCs)onlumbarvertebraeinthepatientswith lowbackpain.Methods LumbarvertebraeMRIresultsfrom276patients(male:104,female:172)wereanalyzedretrospetively.The MConlumbarvertebraewereclassifiedwithT1WI,T2WIandT2WI-FS,meanwhiletheincidence,predilectionsitesanddistribution characteristicsbyageandsexwerestatisticallyanalyzed.Results 139cases(50.4%)couldbeseenwith MC,including42malesand 97females;while137caseswerenormal(49.6%).Classifiedbygender,numbersofpatientswith MCinagegroup20－39 were7 (male)and11(female);inagegroup40－59,were15(male)and44(female);andinagegroup60－78,were20(male)and42(female). Amongatotalof2760vertebralendplates,2450 (88.8%)wereclassifiedasModicType0,65 (2.4%)asTypeⅠ,153 (5.5%)as TypeⅡ,3 (0.1%)asTypeⅢ,and89 (3.2%)as MixedType.ThenumbersofMCoccurringonendplatesofL5/S1,L4/5,L1/2 were108,103and15respectively.Conclusion MCTypeⅡoflumbarvertebraeisthemostprevalent,followedbythe MixedType and MCTypeⅠ.MCTypeⅢistheleast.Inallthreeagegroups,theincidencerateishigherinfemalepatientsthanthatinmales. Regardlessofthegender,theincidenceofMCislinearlypositivecorrelatedwithage.MCoccursmostlyonendplatesofL5/S1and L4/5,andrarelyonendplateofL1/2.

AIK is a novel cationic peptide with potential antitumor activity. In order to construct the AIK expression vector by Gateway technology, and establish an optimal expression and purification method for recombinant AIK, a set of primers containing AttB sites were designed and used to create the AttB-TEV-FLAG-AIR fusion gene by overlapping PCR. The resulting fusion gene was cloned into the donor vector pDONR223 by attB and attP mediated recombination (BP reaction), then, transferred into the destination vector pDESTl 5 by attL and attR mediated recombination (LR reaction). All the cloning was verified by both colony PCR and DNA sequencing. The BL21 F. coli transformed by the GST-AIR expression plasmid was used to express the GST-AIK fusion protein with IPTG induction and the induction conditions were optimized. GST-AIR fusion protein was purified by glutathione magnetic beads, followed by rTEV cleavage to remove GST tag and MTS assay to test the growth inhibition activity of the recombinant AIR on human leukemia HL-60 cells. We found that a high level of soluble expression of GST-AIK protein (more than 30% out of the total bacterial proteins) was achieved upon 0.1 mmol/L ITPG induction for 4 h at 37 °C in the transformed BL21 F. coli with starting OD₆₀₀ at 1.0. Through GST affinity purification and rTEV cleavage, the purity of the resulting recombinant AIK was greater than 95%. And the MTS assays on HL-60 cells confirmed that the recombinant AIK retains an antitumor activity at a level similar to the chemically synthesized AIK. Taken together, we have established a method for expression and purification of recombinant AIK with a potent activity against tumor cells, which will be beneficial for the large-scale production and application of recombinant AIK in the future.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; biosynthesis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective:To explore the current practice of head nurses′ human caring for patients at home and abroad, and integrate those effective measures and effect evaluation methods, so as to provide reference for nursing administrators.Methods:A framework was built on the scope review method proposed by Arksey and O′Malley, and such search terms as head nurse/nursing administrator, human caring/care/human-based, sick person/patient, nursing supervisory/charge nurse/head nurse/nurse administrator/nurse manager/nurse executive, empathy/care/compassion, patient/client were used. CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, Chinese Medical Association Journal Full-text Database, Medical Knowledge Network (PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, OVID, EBSCO) and the Cochrane Library were searched from their initiation to November 29, 2022. Two researchers independently screened and extracted basic characteristics of the literature, as well as the measures used by the head nurses to implement human caring for patients and the effect evaluation tools.Results:A total of 57 articles were included. This paper reviewed the measures of human caring for patients at both levels of head nurses as direct caregivers and as organizers.The measures at the level of direct caregivers included implementing human caring in their ward rounds, creating a caring atmosphere, setting up a head nurse reception day, interviewing the care needs of patients and their families, innovating working methods based on the perspective of human caring, and caring communication with patients and their families; measures at the level of organizers included building a nursing human caring mode with specialist characteristics, building a human caring mode for different patient groups, strengthening the training of nurses′ human caring ability and literacy, building a caring environment and atmosphere, simplifying the nursing work process, and establishing a continuous and diversified nurse-patient communication mode, continuing human caring for discharged patients, organizing participation of nurses in social practices of human caring, setting up caring posts, and conducting care supervision and quality control. Patient satisfaction survey was used to evaluate the practical effects of human caring, but the evaluation objects were nurses or nursing services.Conclusions:Head nurses play an important role in the implementation of human caring, and a variety of measures can be taken to directly or indirectly implement human caring for patients. It is suggested to build more human caring modes to cover more specialties and patient groups, and improve the patient satisfaction evaluation tools with head nurses as the evaluation object.