Thoracic-abdominal junctional zone is an area from the inferior chest to superior belly. The inferior chest contains inferior pulmonary lobes, pulmonary ligament, inferior mediastinum and lower thoracic cavity,while the superior belly contains upper abdominal cavity, spatium retroperitonaeale, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, liver, stomach, adrenal glands, kidneys and spleen. This article is to review the CT manifestations and anatomy of diseases such as infection, trauma, hemorrhage, hernia and tumor involving this area. It could provides anatomic and pathological information for instituting clinical treatments.
Abdominal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Diaphragm ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracic Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the relation between the Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2)-807 C/T gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. Methods 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were selected from the hospital. According to the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) standards, 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were divided into diabetes without diabetic nephropathy (T2DM) and DN group, and 90 healthy people were selected as normal control (NC) group. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.And the genotypes and allele frequencies distribution were assessed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results compared with the control group,plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN group blood were significantly higher (P < 0.05). ITGA2 gene - 807 - c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency in DN group were statistically significant (P<0.05). CT+TT genotypes and T allele frequency in DN group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).The relative risk for DN in subjects carrying T allele was 1.72 times of that in the C allele carriers(OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.72 ~ 2.517). And compared with control group and the DN group, ITGA2 gene-807-c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency differences in T2DM group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of ITGA2-807C/T gene is associated with the development of DN in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. The T allele may be a genetic susceptibility genes for DN, which may promote the level of TC high expression and increase the risk of DN.

To explore the effect of estrogen on pathogenesis of osteoporosis in women with maintenance hemodialysis. One hundred and twenty women aged 18-45 years had been undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for ≥ 3 months were included. Of them ,60 women without osteoporosis served as control group and the other 60 women with osteoporosis as observation group. Serum concentrations of estradiol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium were determined, meanwhile bone mineral density (BMD)was measured by quantitative computed tomography. Serum estradiol levels in the observation group were lower while TNF-α level were higher than those in control group (all P<0. 05). PTH and calcium levels were not significantly different (P= 0.567 and P = 0. 588). In the observation group, linear correlation analysis revealed positive correlation (r = 0. 865 ,P<0. 01)between estradioi and BMD,while multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum estradiol and calcium levels were positively correlated with BMD, and the concentrations of TNF-α and PTH were negatively correlated with BMD (F= 140.32 ,P<0.01). Estradiol levels were found to have greater effect on BMD(t=5. 386, P<0. 01). Lowered serum concentration of estradiol in women with maintenance hemedialysis seems to be a major factor related to osteoporosis,it accelerates the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by modulating TNF-α.

Objective To study the efficacy on hormone levels of radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods A total of 126 patients in our hospital of uterine fibroids were divided into two groups, study group with 63 cases were given radiofrequency ablation therapy after mifepristone orally; Control group with 63 cases were given underwent radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of patients , the efficacy and sex hormones of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) were compared. Results After radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone treatment , clinical efficacy rate was 98.41%, significantly higher than the control group, and FSH, LH, P, E2 levels of two groups were significantly different (P<0.05), in which P, E2 were significantly lower than the control group after treatment, the study group;uterine fibroid volume than before treatment significantly reduced , and obviously less than that of the control group , the tumor size was also higher than that in control group (P < 0.05); study group patients with adverse drug reaction light, only 1 cases of nausea, 2 cases of mild dizziness symptoms, patients in the two groups are no adverse reaction rate shows no statistical difference between significance(P>0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids significantly , and its mechanism may be through decreasing serum P, E2 levels and reducing myoma volume of uterine fibroids disappeared.

This paper is to determine relationship between MDCT features and anatomic-pathology of the diseases in central thoracic-abdominal junctional region. 3 cadavers were cut transversely and another 3 vertically to observe the anatomy of thoracic-abdominal junctional zone. 93 patients with diseases in central thoracic-abdominal junctional zone were scanned with MDCT. The correlation between MDCT features of the diseases in central thoracic-abdominal junctional region and the anatomic-pathology of the diseases in this region was evaluated. On cadaver sections, central thoracic-abdominal junctional region was an area between anterior chest wall and dorsal spine in vertical direction. The region was separated into upper and lower sections by diaphragm. The upper section mainly contains heart and pericardium, while the lower contains broad ligament and left lobe of liver. The hiatus of diaphragm are vena caval foramen, esophageal foramen and aortic foramen in anterior-posterior turn. In the present study, 23 patients had portal hypertension, 18 had dissection of aorta, 8 got diseases in inferior vena cava, 9 had lymphoma, 12 got diseases in multiple vertebrae, 7 had lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma accompanied with metastasis in upper abdominal lymph nodes, 9 had carcinoma of abdominal esophagus and/or gastric cardia, 4 had esophageal hiatal hernia and 3 patients had neurogenic tumor in posterior mediastinum and/or superior spatium retroperitoneale. The MDCT features and distribution of the diseases in central thoracic-abdominal junctional region influence the anatomic-pathology characteristics in this region.
Abdominal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; diagnostic imaging ; Cadaver ; Child ; Diaphragm ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracic Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Young Adult

This paper was objected to determine the relationship between MDCT features and anatomic-pathology of diseases in right thoracic-abdominal junctional region. We cut 3 cadavers transversely and another 3 vertically to observe the anatomy of thoracic-abdominal junctional zone. We scanned 69 patients with diseases in right thoracic-abdominal junctional zone by MDCT. The correlation between MDCT features of right thoracic-abdominal junctional region and the anatomic-pathology in this region was evaluated. We found results as that in cadaver sections, the right pulmonary ligament, which was below inferior pulmonary vein, attached the inferior lobe of right lung to the esophagus, that the coronary ligament, which interiorly extended from falciform ligament and laterally formed into right triangular ligament, contained two layers, and that the bare area of liver, which positioned between the two layers of coronary ligament, was directly next to diaphragm with no peritoneum covered. There were 50 cases with both pleural and ascitic fluid, while the pleural fluid was divided into anterior and posterior compartments by the right pulmonary ligament, whereas the ascitic fluid was limited in perihepatic space in majority. Among the 50 cases, 5 patients had lung cancer with diaphragmatic pleura, diaphragm and upper abdomen involved. 5 patients had right hepatic lobe cancer with subdiaphragmatic peritoneum, crura diaphragmatis and lower thoracic cavity involved. 1 patient had right adrenal carcinoma with phrenic metastasis. 8 patients had inflammation in right lower thorax and/or right upper abdomen. The spreads of these diseases include mainly direct invasion, blood and lymphatic spread routs in the region. Conclusion could be drawn that the MDCT features and distribution of right thoracic-abdominal junctional region diseases correlate with the anatomical characteristics in this region.
Abdominal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cadaver ; Diaphragm ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracic Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; pathology

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the protein expression of metastasis-related factors in tumor microenvironment such as chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4）， transformation growth factor-β （TGF-β）， integrin a_v β₅ （ITGα_v β₅）， serum calcium-binding protein A4 （S100A4）， serum calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and serum calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9） in the liver tissue of the nude mouse model of liver metastasis of colon cancer， and to explore the possible mechanism of its anti-liver metastasis of colon cancer. MethodBALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， and Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low， medium， and high-dose groups. A nude mouse model of liver metastasis of human colon cancer was established. Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low， medium， and high-dose groups were given 5.4， 10.8， 21.6 g·kg^-1 liquid medicine， respectively， and the model group and the blank group were given the same volume of distilled water by gavage， once a day for 3 consecutive weeks. 24 h after the last administration， the nude mice were sacrificed by neck removal， and the liver metastasis of each group was observed. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of metastasis-related factors in the tumor microenvironment， such as CXCR4， TGF-β， ITGα_v β₅， S100A4， S100A8， and S100A9. ResultThe proportion of metastatic tumor area was 73% in the model group， 72% in the low-dose group， 55% in the medium-dose group， and 42% in the high-dose group. The high-dose group was significantly lower than the model group （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the expression of CXCR4， TFG-β， ITGα_v β₅， S100A8， and S100A9 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription high and medium-dose groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the expression of S100A4 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription high， medium， and low-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The expression of CXCR4， TFG-β， ITGα_v β₅， S100A8， and S100A9 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low-dose group was not significantly different from that in the model group. ConclusionJianpi Xiaoai prescription can inhibit liver metastasis of colon cancer， and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of the expression of metastasis-related factors such as CXCR4， TGF-β， ITGα_v β₅， S100A4， S100A8， and S100A9 in tumor microenvironment.