This article was aimed to discuss the mechanism of lactulose enema therapy to improve efficiency among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with uremic pruritus (UP) from the intervention of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and micro-inflammation state. A total of 60 cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5, MHD patients with UP were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different intervention methods, which were the control group, loratadine and lactulose group. The integration of kidney disease treatment was adopted in the control group. In the loratadine group, on the basis of the control group medication, oral administration of loratadine, 10 mg/time, once a day, was combined. In the lactulose group, on the basis of the control group medication, lactulose enema, 30 mg/time, twice a day, was combined for 30 days. The pretreatment and posttreatment clinical curative effects were e-valuated among patients from 3 groups. Observation was also made on their itchy visual analogue scale (VAS) and serum PTH, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) lev-el, respectively. The results showed that there were significant improvements on VAS, PTH and inflammation indexes (i.e., hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) before and after treatment (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Compared to the control group, the posttreatment clinical total curative effects were significantly increased in both the loratadine group and lactulose group (P< 0.05); VAS, PTH and inflammation indexes (i.e., hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). There was no statistical difference of indexes mentioned above in the loratadine group and lactulose group. It was concluded that lactulose enema therapy improve PTH and micro-inflammation state among MHD patients with UP. It is one of the mechanisms to relieve skin itching.

Objective To observe the intervention effect of different compatibility of aconite and peony in Zhenwu Decoction on experimental nephritis in rats, and explore the connotation of suitable fire and evil fire. Methods Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, valsartan group, high aconite and low peony group, aconite and peony equivalent group, low aconite and high peony group. All rats except the blank group were made glomerulonephritis model by tail vein injection of monoclonal antibody 1-22-3. Rats were gived continuous gavage administration (blank group and model group were lavaged with NS) after modeling, and killed 2 weeks later. The morphological change of kidney tissues and serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were observed. Results The valsartan group, aconite and peony equivalent group, low aconite and high peony group inhibited the rats mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion significantly, so as the level of hs-CRP, TNF-αand IL-6. The effect of aconite and peony equivalent group was better than low aconite and high peony group, but inferior to valsartan group, while high aconite and low peony group accelerated the progress of the disease. Conclusion The different compatibility of aconite and peony in Zhenwu Decoction has resistance and proinflammatory effect on renal inflammation.

This study was aimed to reveal the relationship of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) syndromes and metastasis, in order to provide new scientific basis for syndrome differentiation, treatment and prognostic assessment, which proved the scientificity and feasibility of internal and external inspection. A total of 60 BAC cases were divid-ed into two groups according to the syndrome of deficiency and excess. Another 30 cases of benign pulmonary nod-ules were simultaneous collected in the physical examination as control group. The quality of life (FACT-L) was scored one day before operation for patients in each group. The thoracoscopic technique was used in the biopsy of targeted tissues, in order to reveal indicators related with metastasis. The results showed that the comparison of FACT-L score of patients from two syndromes of BAC and that of the control group indicated that the score of physi-ological state, social/family condition, emotional condition, functional situation, additional situation and total score of the previous one were obviously higher than the latter one (P < 0.01). And the score of patients in the deficiency syndrome group was higher than that of the excess group with statistical significance (P< 0.01). The comparison be-tween the tumor tissues of patients from two syndromes of BAC and the benign pulmonary nodules showed that the VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9 of the previous one were higher than the latter one (P< 0.01). The comparison between two syndromes showed that all indexes of the deficiency syndrome were higher than the excess syndrome (P < 0.01). It was concluded that syndromes of BAC was related with metastasis.

This study was aimed to prove the scientific method theory through revealing the effect of synchronous treatment of lung and intestine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis (AUC) patients. A total of 90 cases with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis of heat-toxin syndrome and western medical diagnosis of AUC were randomly divided into the control group, treatment of intestine group, and synchronous treatment of lung and intestine group, with 30 cases in each group. SASP enema (control group), SASP with Bai-Tou-Weng (BTW) decoction and Tiao-Wei Cheng-Qi (TWCQ) decoction enema (treatment of intestine group), SASP with BTW decoction and Liang-Ge-San (LGS) enema (synchronous treatment of lung and intestine group) were given, respectively. The treatment was given once a day and continued for 60 days. Then, clinical therapeutic evaluation was given before and after the treatment with enteroscopy, Th1/Th2 of ulcerative colon tissues was detected. The results showed that the sequence of clinical effect from top to bottom was synchronous treatment of lung and intestine group, treatment of intestine group, control group, with statistical significance (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Comparison of Th1/Th2 before and after treatment among each group showed that Th1 (INF-γ, IL-2) was decreased, Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) was increased (P< 0.05), Th1/Th2 was decreased, with statistical significance (P< 0.01). Comparison among each group after treatment showed that the sequence of Th1 from top to bottom was control group, treatment of intestine group, synchronous treatment of lung and intestine group; that of Th2 was synchronous treatment of lung and intestine group, treatment of intestine group, control group; that of Th1/Th2 was control group, treatment of intestine group, synchronous treatment of lung and in-testine group, with statistical significance (P< 0.01). It was concluded that synchronous treatment of lung and intes-tine had guiding significance on anti-inflammatory effect of enema therapy to AUC.

Objective By learning about the current basic situation of research on national scientific and technological achievements of three species of Chinese herbal, Radix Angelicas, Radix Astragall and Radix Codonopsis, to reveal the features in literature and research content, and provide reference for related research in future. Methods By using content analysis approach, the basic situation of achievements, the research content of achievements, and assessment and application of achievements were classified and statistically analyzed by classifying and statistical function of computer. Results The provinces that rank the top of national scientific and technological achievements of the three species of Chinese herbal were Gansu, Hebei and Shandong. The achievements were mainly undertaken by college or university, hospital and scientific research institutions. The source of project achievements mainly originated from local project and optional project. The research content of the achievements largely focused on the fields like drug therapeutic effect, pharmaceutical preparation, cultivation techniques, storing and processing. Conclusion In the database (HowNet) of national scientific and technological achievements, the amplification of national scientific and technological achievements of the three species of Chinese herbal is slow, the achievements mainly focus on application technology, the conversion rate of achievements is low, and large amount of data of achievement items in database is missing.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative urodynamic parameters and the improvement of overactive bladder (OAB)symptoms after GreenLight laser vaporization,and to explore prognostic factors for improvement of OAB symptoms in the elderly.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 100 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)patients undergoing GreenLight laser vaporization at the Department of Urology of Beijing Hospital from July 2015 to March 2017.All patients completed a preoperative urodynamic examination and received GreenLight laser vaporization.Clinical data including age,prostate-specific antigen (PSA),prostate volume,international prognostic scoring system(IPSS),overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS),quality of life(QOL)and urodynamic parameters were collected.The related factors for improvement of OAB symptoms after GreenLight laser vaporization were analyzed by a binary Logistic regression analysis.Results All patients underwent surgery successfully and completed a 12-month follow-up.Both urinary storage and voiding symptoms improved at 3 and 12 months after GreenLight laser vaporization(P＜0.05).The scores of IPSS,IPSS storage (IPSS-S),IPSS voiding (IPSS-V),OABSS and QOL and nighttime voiding frequency decreased and urinary storage and voiding symptoms improved at 3 and 12 months after GreenLight laser vaporization,compared with pre-surgery data(P＜0.05).The success rates of storage symptom improvement at 3 and 12 months after GreenLight laser vaporization were 62.0 ％ (62/100) and 68.0 ％ (68/100) evaluated by IPSS-S and 68.0 ％ (68/100) and 75.0％ (75/100)by OABSS,respectively.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age,detrusor contractility,residual urine volume and nighttime voiding frequency were independent influencing factors for prognosis(OR =35.714,0.352,0.110 and 0.040,P =0.000,0.027,0.018 and 0.002).Conclusions GreenLight laser vaporization is an effective method in treating BPH with OAB.Age is an independent unfavorable factor and the residual urine volume,nighttime voiding frequency and detrusor contraction are independent influencing factors for prognosis.Enough attention should be paid to these related parameters before surgery.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Jiangsu province during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in China from December 7, 2022 to January 27, 2023, and to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death.Methods:It was a multi-center cross-sectional investigation. Structured questionnaire was used to collect patient information by medical staff of each hemodialysis center (room) as investigators. Part of the demography data and laboratory examination data came from the Jiangsu Province Hemodialysis Data Information System. MHD patients from hemodialysis centers (rooms) at all levels of medical institutions and independent hemodialysis institutions in Jiangsu province during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, and the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed.Results:Questionnaire surveys and data analysis on 57 278 patients in 407 hemodialysis centers (rooms) were completed, accounting for 90.41% of the total number of MHD patients (63 357 cases) in Jiangsu province during the same period. There were 24 038 cases (41.97%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 14 805 cases (25.85%) of suspected infection, which were widely distributed in all dialysis centers in Jiangsu province. After clinical classification of 38 843 confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, 3 662 cases were severe and critical cases, accounting for 9.43% of the infected and suspected cases. Among the patients who had completed the questionnaires, there were 1 812 all-cause deaths, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.16%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elderly (taking ≤50 years as a reference, 51-59 years: OR=1.583, 95% CI 1.279-1.933, P=0.001; 60-69 years: OR=3.972, 95% CI 3.271-4.858, P<0.001; 70-79 years: OR=7.236, 95% CI 5.917-8.698, P<0.001; ≥80 years: OR=11.738, 95% CI 9.459-14.663, P<0.001), male ( OR=1.371, 95% CI 1.229-1.529, P<0.001), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (positive serum HBV surface antigen, OR=0.629, 95% CI 0.484-0.817, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for all cause mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for male, age and current HBV infection prediction of all-cause death was 0.529 ( P<0.001), 0.724 ( P<0.001) and 0.514 ( P=0.042), respectively, and the cut-off value for age prediction of all-cause death was 65.5 years old. Compared with patients without HBV infection, MHD patients with HBV infection significantly reduced the proportion of severe and critically ill patients, all-cause hospitalizations and all cause deaths when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (4.99% vs. 6.41%, χ2=6.136, P=0.013; 8.90% vs. 11.44%, χ2=11.662, P<0.001; 2.01% vs. 3.37%, χ2=10.713, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion:The MHD patients in Jiangsu province are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Elderly age and male gender are independent risk factors for death in MHD patients during the epidemic, while the HBV infection may be a protective factor for death of MHD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

With the economic development of China and transformation of medical model, people pay more attention to their spiritual world and psychological health, and medical psychology has become a major in urgent need of construction. Foreign medical/clinical psychology education was established earlier and has become relatively mature, thus making its experience valuable for reference. This paper compares and analyzes the current situation of undergraduate medical psychology education, and puts forward optimization strategies from the aspects of college planning, curriculum training scheme and teachers’ teaching philosophy, hoping to provide some ideas for the construction of undergraduate medical psychology education in China.