Objective In this study,the effects of moderate treadmill exercise and estrogen replacement treatment on the production of liver nitric oxide(NO)and the expression of endothelial nitrie oxide synthase(eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in ovariectomized(OVX)rats were observed.Methods Female mature SD rats were randomly divided into six groups according to their body weight:sham group(group S),sham exercise group (group S+EX),group OVX,OVX+exercise group (group OVX+EX),OVX+estrogen group(group OVX+E_2),and OVX+exercise+E_2 group(group OVX+EX+E_2).The rats ran on the treadmill at a speed of 18m/min for 60min,5 times per week.50μg/kg of E_2 was given subcutaneously three times per week to groups OVX+E_2 and OVX+EX+E_2.After 14 weeks,NO production in the liver was determined by nitrate reductase method.Protein expression of eNOS and iNOS was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results The NO content of group S was significantly lower than that of group S+EX,but significantly higher than that of group OVX.The NO content of groups OVX+EX,E_2,and OVX+EX+E_2 were significantly higher than that of group OVX.The positive reaction of eNOS mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids in all groups.The changing tendency after exercise or/and estrogen replacement was almost similar with that of the content of NO.The positive reaction of iNOS mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in groups S,S+EX,E_2,and OVX+EX+E_2,while it located in the nuclei in both groups OVX and OVX+EX.Conclusion Moderate exercise and estrogen supplementation both had the same effect of upregnlated synthesis of NO in liver of ovariectomized rats.

Objective To outline the characteristics of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna in children and distinguish them from that of the adult. Methods Twenty eight cases of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna in children in the past five years were reviewed. There were 18(64%) boys and 10(36%) girls. According to the extent of involvement, the fractures were classified as 3 types based on modified Regan and Morrey method. Of those, 10 cases were associated with other injuries such as dislocation of the elbow, fracture of the radial neck, fracture of the olecranon and so on. In this series, open reduction and internal fixation were applied in only 2 cases with type Ⅲ injury and conservative treatment including immobilization of the elbow in flexion with long arm plaster splint were done in all of the rest cases. Results Seventeen patients were followed up for an average of 14 months(range, 4 months to 5 years). The clinical results were evaluated according to pain, range of motion, muscular strength and stability of the elbow. The overall excellent result were achieved in 94%of the patients. No complaint and late complication were found in this series. Conclusion There are some obvious differences in the coronoid process fracture of the ulna between children and adult: 1)fewer cases associated with dislocation of the elbow in the children than in the adult; 2)the clinical results were relatively better in children than that in the adult whatever the surgical or conservative treatment was performed; 3)the prognosis of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna was better and the complications were less in children than that in the adults.

[Objective]To evaluate the role of Southwick angle and Klein line in the diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). [Methods]Forty-two cases of SCFE were treated by Russell traction and screw or pins fixation in situ from 1995 to 2006. The hip anteroposterior and frog-lateral radiographs were reviewed to measure the occurrence of metaphyseal change,the Southwick angle and the Klein line.[Results]The metaphyseal changes occurred in all cases. The Southwick angles were reduced with the severity of SCFE. The positive ratio of Klein line was higher in the lateral radiographs,but lower in the anteroposterior radiographys.[Conclusion]The Southwick angle and Klein line play an important role in the diagnosis of SCFE. The lateral radiography should be emphasized in the diagnosis of SCFE.

Objective To introduce a simple fixing method for tail vein injection in mice.Methods Twenty tumor-bearing male BALB/c nude mice were used in this study.Tail vein injection was performed to these mice by two laboratory technicians A and B, respectively.The injection time and success rate were recorded and analyzed.Results Mouse tail vein injection was successfully completed by the two technicians with the cage lid pressing method.Conclusions Cage lid pressing method is a simple method for tail vein injection in mice, especially provides a more efficient method for those special form of mice.

Objective To study the independent risk factors of relapse of smoking among current smokers of different ages who underwent percuta?neous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods Totally 197 current smokers who received PCI from January 2007 to December 2009 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled. Information about relapse of smoking was collected through the medical records and the telephone follow?up. Discrepancy of risk factors of smoking resumption was compared in different age groups. Results Totally 112 patients re?sumed smoking after PCI. There were 87 patients in the non?elderly group and 25 in the elderly group. According to the correlation analysis,more than one stents(P=0.025),severe nicotine dependence(P=0.001)and long time for daily passive smoking(P=0.000)were related with relapse in the non?elderly group,and there was a negative correlation between more than one stents and relapse. But in the elderly group,relapse was associ?ated with history of hypertension(P=0.034). According to the logistic regression analysis in different age groups,independent predictors of smoking relapse in the non?elderly group were severe nicotine dependence(OR:3.914,P=0.003)and long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.352,P=0.000). And in the elderly group,independent risk factors of smoking relapse were male(OR:17.325,P=0.027),history of hypertension(OR:13.185,P=0.005),long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.273,P=0.045)Conclusion Independent risk factors of smoking relapse were different in the elderly group and the non?elderly group. In the non?elderly group,these factors were severe nicotine dependence and long time for dai?ly passive smoking. And in elderly group,these factors were male,history of hypertension,long time for daily passive smoking.

The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), based on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles being modified by surface grafting, have been successfully synthesized, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as template molecule, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and elemental analysis were employed to characterize the MMIPs. The structure and magnetic properties of the MMIPs were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The BET surface area shows that MMIPs is 380 m2/g and MNIPs is 324 m2/g. A series of static adsorption experiments were conducted to analyze its adsorption performance, which followed pseudo-second-order model by the kinetic analysis with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9797, and Sips equation with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.999 by the isothermal analysis. The imprinting factors of diallyl phthalate (DAP), DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were 1.53, 2.21 and 1.39 respectively, showing that MMIPs had better recognition performance for DBP. The experiment of regeneration recycles with five times showed the regeneration ability of DBP was only reduced by 12.3％.

Objective To establish an assessment model of financial risk exposure for the county-levelpublic hospitals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,which can be used to assess the risk exposure of the hospital in question,and as decision making reference for their financial management and risk prevention and control.Methods Using indicators standardized methods and entropy method to process 1 5 financial indicators (quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators )for the 20 public hospitals,and using the gray clustering method to assess financial risk exposure.Results 70% of the county-level public hospitals are faced with less financial risks,while four of them need to pay close attention,and two have large loopholes pending solution.Conclusions Entropy-Gray clustering methods can complement each other,as found in the study.This study proves its significance,and health authorities should establish their long-term financial risk control mechanisms.

The incidence of dysphagia after stroke is high.It may affect the rehabilitation of patients and increase mortality.The assessment is of great significance for early objective examination of dysphagia,in which the bedside screening tests are the most common assessment methods in the routine clinical work.This article reviews the advances in research on the commonly used bedside screening tests of dysphagia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Data of 62 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Factors associated with cervical lymphatic metastasis were analyzed by using x2 test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.ResultsLymphatic metastasis was found in 36 cases (58.1％ ),of which metastasis in cervical lymph node was found in 15 cases(24.2％ ).A total of 1954 lymph nodes were excised,with an average of 31.5 per patient.Of all the lymph nodes,metastasis was found in 187 (9.6％) nodes.Logistic regression showed that tumor location,tumor length,thoracic lymphatic metastasis,the metastasis number of thoracic lymph nodes and thoracic lymphatic metastasis along recurrent laryngeal nerve were independent risk factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis [ OR:1.976 ( 1.436-2.538 ),P =0.035 ; 1.346(1.032-1.683),P =0.041;3.012( 1.572-6.825),P =0.012;2.023( 1.463-4.745),P =0.025 and2.254 ( 1.483-4.952 ),P =0.020,respectively ].Conclusion The independent risk factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis are foundation of selective 3-field lymph node dissection and their validities should be validated in further clinical trials.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acute hypoxia on the contractile function of isolated small pulmonary arteries in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Seven patients with lung cancer,of both sexes,scheduled for elective pulmonary lobectomy,with no pulmonary hypertension and with normal pulmonary function after examination,were included in the study.Six cases were diagnosed as having moderate COPD.Lung tissues 5 cm away from the tumor tissues were taken during operation and the small pulmonary arteries were isolated and divided into 2 groups:control group (n =7) and COPD group (n =6).The contractile amplitude of small pulmonary arteries was detected using vasomotor tone meter under the state of acute hypoxia.Results Contractile amplitude of small pulmonary arteries in response to hypoxic stimulus was significantly decreased in COPD group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Acute hypoxia can further reduce the contractile function of isolated small pulmonary arteries in patients with moderate COPD.