This work was carried out to investigate the effects of clonidine on some electrophysiological properties of the neurons of guinea-pig celiac ganglia in vitro, using the technique of intracellula.r recording. 54 neurons were examined, among which 18 neurons were found to be sensitive to clonidine. There were 3 reaction types in the sensitive cells, depolarization with decrease of membrane resistance, hyperpolarization with increase of membrane resistance and biphasic reaction ( depolarization followed by hyperpolarization ) . Clonidine depolarization was not blocked by low Ca^/high Mg2+ solution, pro-pranolol and yohimbine. However, it was reversibly blocked by prazo-sin. The experimental results show that clonidine has some! effects on the membrane potential and membrane resistance of the neurons of guinea-pig celiac ganglia,

AIM: To prepare urokinase-loaded immunoliposomes, with anti-D-dimer mouse monoclonal antibody that can selectively target to thrombotic site and test the thrombolytic effect in the rabbit model of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in early phase. METHODS: 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: TBS group (TBS buffer, negative control group), urokinase (UK) group (150 000 IU/kg UK, positive control group), Lip group (Lip-UK, containing 50 000 IU/kg UK), Ab group (Ab-Lip-UK, containing 50 000 IU/kg UK) and 2 Ab group (2 Ab-Lip-UK, containing 50 000 IU/kg UK but double DDmAb of Ab group). PE model was established. Five minutes later, five solutions (TBS, UK, Lip-UK, Ab-Lip-UK, 2 Ab-Lip-UK) were transfused through femoral vein respectively. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular diastolic pressure (RVDP) were estimated within one hour. The pathological changes of lung, heart, liver and kidney were all observed. RESULTS: RVSP in TBS group had no significant changes within one hour after administration. However, RVSP had respective notable decline at 30 min, 40 min, 30 min, 20 min in UK, Lip, Ab and 2 Ab group, respectively. The means of residual emboli were as follows: 4.0±0 in TBS group, 2.4±0.9 in UK group, 3.1±0.6 in Lip group, 2.4±0.9 in Ab group and 1.9±0.6 in 2 Ab group. The lungs in each group showed scattering local congestion, effusion and swelling on the surface. Obvious hemorrhage of heart, kidney and liver was found with HE staining in UK group, no pathologic change was observed in other groups. CONCLUSION: 2 Ab-Lip-UK with early thrombolytic effect and security may be an ideal thrombolytic agent for treating pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical feature and constituent ratio of adult hip fractures in Southwest China.

METHODSThe data of adult inpatients and outpatients with hip fractures treated between January 2010 and December 2011 in 11 hospitals of the Southwest China were collected and analyzed. The data includes gender, age, age distribution and fracture pattern according to AO classification.

RESULTSThere were a total of 2,833 adult hip fractures, including 1,340 (47.30%) males and 1,493 (52.70%) females, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1: 1.11 and a mean age of (66±18) years. The highest frequency of hip fractures was seen in the 71 to 85 years age group (42.18%, 1,195/2,833). There were 844 fractures (29.79%) in the young and middle-aged group (16-<60 years) and 1 898 fractures (70.21%) in the geriatric group (≥60 years). Men had a higher rate than women (men: 577 fractures, 68.4%) in the young and middle-aged group, while women had a higher rate than men (women: 1,226 fractures, 61.64%) in the geriatric group, with a significant difference in the sex distribution between the two groups (χ2=214.001, P<0.01). The proportion of intertrochanteric fracture (type 31-A), femoral neck (type 31-B) and femoral head fracture (type 31-C) was 46.59%, 49.74% and 3.67% respectively. The highest frequency of the sub-type in each fracture type was type 31-A2, type 31-B2 and type 31-C2.

CONCLUSIONSWomen have a higher rate than men in Southwest China. Geriatric patients are more than the young and middle-aged patients. The femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures and femoral head fractures are in descending orders according to the proportion of the three different hip fractures.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Head ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged

Since December 2019, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Almost 70% of patients susceptible to 2019-nCoV are over age of 50 years, with extremely large proportion of critical illness and death of the elderly patients. Meanwhile, the elderly patients are at high risk of osteoporotic fractures especially osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). During the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, orthopedists are confronted with the following difficulties including how to screen and protect OVCF patients, how to accurately diagnose and assess the condition of OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, and how to develop reasonable treatment plans and comprehensive protective measures in emergency and outpatient clinics. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OVCF diagnosed with COVID-19, the authors jointly develop this expert consensus. The consensus systematically recommends the standardized emergency and outpatient screening and confirmation procedures for OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and protective measures for emergency and outpatient clinics. Moreover, the consensus describes the grading and classification of OVCF patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the severity of illness and recommends different treatment plans and corresponding protective measures based on the different types and epidemic prevention and control requirements.