Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of ciliary n eurotrophic factor on the retina during injury and repair of optic nerves in rat s. Methods Thirty-five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 5 in the control group, 15 in the simply transected optic nerve g roup and 15 in the optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group. The simply tran sected and optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosed models were set up, and the re tinal tissues of all of the rats were taken out after 3, 7 and 14 days, respecti vely; and the mRNA expression of CNTF in the 3 groups were observed by semi-qua ntitative reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Res ults A minimum expression of CNTF mRNA was found in the reti nae of the control group, and the increased rates of expression were found in th e retinae of the simple transection of optic nerve group with the increase rate of 100%, 594%, and 485% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectively after the ope ration, while in optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group, the increase rate s were found to be 258%, 752% and 515% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectivel y after the operation. Conclusion Retinal neurons can respond to axonal reaction of retinal ganglion cells by up-regulate endogenous CNTF aft er the injury of the optic nerves, which may provide a theoretic base for the application of the exogenous CNTF.

Objective To explore whether Cl2MDP-loaded gelatin particles can induce the depletion of macrophage or can depress the immunity of macrophage in SD rat models of immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) to treat the ITP rats.Methods SD rats were intravenously injected with 150 ?L of anti-platelet serum once per 24 hr to induce the ITP model.The platelet count was persistently less than 50?109L-1 in these models.After intravenous injection of a group dose of Cl2 MDP-gelatin particles,the platelet counts of these models were examined at the time of 4 hr,24 hr,48 hr,72 hr and 96 hr,respectively.The pathological change of macrophages in spleen was observed by electron microscopy.Results Cl2MDP-loaded gelatin particles can significantly increase the platelet counts of ITP models from less than 50?109L-1 to mean 180?109L-1 in 24 hr after injection.The pathological changes of macrophages were seen under electron microscope,such as degeneration, necrosis and so on.Furthermore,rats pre-treated with Cl2 MDP-loaded gelatin particles can evade the decrease of platelet counts when they were injected anti-platelet serum.Conclusion Cl2 MDP-loaded gelatin particles can promptly,effectively restoreplatelet counts of ITP models to physiological level with a dose dependent manner.So,the targeting therapy of drug-loaded gelatin particles offers a new approach to treat ITP.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety on lung resection surgery with the combined method of microinjection acupuncture (MIA) and intravenous anesthesia instead of compound traditional acupuncture and drug anesthesia (ADA).

METHODSNinety cases of lung resection surgery were randomized into a general anesthesia group, a MIA group and a ADA group, 30 cases in each one. In the general anesthesia group, before surgery, the intramuscular injection of atropine 0. 5 mg was used; during surgery, the anesthesia induction was followed with intravenous injection of fentanyl citrate, propofol and rocuronium bromide and the dosage was increased accordingly; after surgery, the analgesia pump was applied. In the MIA group, on the basis of general anesthesia, before anesthesia induction, the acupoint catgut embedding was applied to Jiaji (EX-B 2) of T4 , T6 and T, , Feishui (BL 13), Xinshu (BL 15) and Geshu (BL 17) on the affected side and bilateral Quchi (LI 11) and Zusanli (ST 36); after surgery, the analgesia pump was applied. In the ADA group, on the basis of general anesthesia, before! anesthesia induction, electroacupuncture (EA) was applied to Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6) , Houxi (SI 3) and Zhigou (TE 6) for 30 min; during surgery, EA and intravenous medication were combined at the same acupoints as those before surgery; after surgery, moxibustion and the analgesia pump were applied in combination for analgesia. In each group, the biological indices were monitored during surgery at 11 time points named T. (before anesthesia I induction), T1 (intubation in general anesthesia induction), T2 (skin incision), T3 (rib exposure in muscular incision) T. (chest open), T, (lung removal), T6 (drainage tube implantation), T7 (chest closure), T (muscular stitching), T, (skin stitching) and T0 (extubation). The actual dosage of anesthetics during surgery and the, dosage of fentanyl citrate in analgesia pump were quantified after surgery. Results (1) In the MIA group and ADA group, the increased dosage of fentanyl citrate was less than that in the general anesthesia group [(1. 23±0. 28) µg . kg-1 . h-1 vs (2. 4±0. 54µg. kg-1 . h-1, (1. 1±0. 38µg . kg-1 . h-1 vs (2. 4±0. 54µg. kg-1 . h-1 , both P<0. 05]. The increased dosage of propofol and rocuronium bromide was not different during surgery among the groups (all P>0. 05). (2) In the MIA group and ADA group, after surgery, the increased dosage of fentanyl citrate was less than that in the general anesthesia group [(11. 0±1. 04)µg/kg vs (15. 4±1. 52µg/kg, (11. 5±1. 38µg/kg vs (15. 4±1. 52µg/kg, both P<0. 05], reducing by 25% in comparison. (3) The differences in heart rate and blood pressure at 11 time points during surgery were not significant among the three groups (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONn The combined method of MIA and intravenous anesthesia significantly reduces the dosage of intravenous anesthetics during and after lung resection surgery as compared with ADA, presenting the similar analgesic effect as simple intravenous medication and the good safety. The combined method of MIA and intravenous anesthesia is much

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lung ; surgery ; Lung Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Microinjections ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Young Adult

Objective: To observe the effect of preoperative effect on peri-operative pain in patients following a thoracotomy. Methods: 120 cases following lung-cancer thoracotomy were randomly allocated into four groups, 30 in each group. Cases in group A and B were treated with acupuncture analgesia 3 d before operation; cases in group A and C were treated with acupuncture analgesia after operation; and cases in group D were treated with general anesthesia. The pain management indexes in four groups were all controlled below 3. After that, analgesia-related β-endorphin and stress-related cortisol were observed before and after operation. In addition, the specific doses of postoperative analgesic-Fentanyl in four groups were compared. Results: The comparison of β-endorphin between group A, C and D showed P<0.05 one day before operation, so did group B, C and D 1 day before operation. The intra-group comparison of cortisol between the day of admission and 1 day after extubation and between 1 day before operation and one day after extubation in group A, B and D showed P<0.05, so did group C between the day of admission and 1 day after extubation. In addition, the contents of Fentanyl in postoperative analgesic pump in four groups showed P<0.05 through one-factor analysis of variance, showing a significant difference. Conclusion: Preemptive analgesia could increase the β-endorphin in patients following a thoracotomy and showed remarkable advantage when compared with the conventional postoperative analgesia. It did not cause significant difference regarding stress index cortisol. Acupuncture has no remarkable advantage when compared with operation and extubation for the major immediate stress. Additionally, postoperative acupuncture could be a substitute for the dose of pain killers and the match can be reduced by 20%.

Objective: To compare two methods (microbial assay and radioimmunoassay) for measuring plasma folate concentrations, and to examine the relationship between plasma folate levels, and alcohol consumption, tobacco use and body mass index, and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in China. Methods: We used a microtiter plate microbial assay and a radioimmunoassay to measure the folate concentration in 88 plasma samples. After comparing the results of these two methods and fitting a regression line, we examined the geographical, seasonal, and gender differences in folate concentration of plasma collected from 2 422 adults in south and north areas in China, and evaluated the association of plasma folate concentration, with alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and body mass index, and with the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia, using the data from the two assays. Results: The data from the two assays had a linear relationship ( r =0.879, P =0.000); the regression was Y =0.683 X +0.308 (where X and Y were nature logarithmic transformations of plasma folate by microbial assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively); however, the mean plasma folate levels by microbial assay were much higher than those obtained by radioimmunoassay. Both data sets showed similar plasma folate distributions among Chinese adults, associations with other risk factors, and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. We estimated that 19.9% of the Southerners and 67.1% of the Northerners had plasma folate concentrations by radioimmunoassay lower than the 6.8 nmol/L used to define plasma folate deficiency. Conclusion: There is a linear relationship between plasma folate levels determined by microbial assay and radioimmunoassay, but because of the different levels obtained in the two assays, it is difficult to use the microbial assay results to evaluate folate status at this time. The use of 10.5 nmol/L as a cut off for plasma folate deficiency by microbial assay needs further study.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of human soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) after heart valve replacement.Methods 78 cases of patients with heart valve replacement in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2005 to June 2016 were selected as the research objects,who were divided into embolic group and control group,38 cases in embolic group and 40 cases in control group,the index of two groups 1 d preoperative,while dynamic monitoring international standardization ratio (INR) and embolism,were detected,of which INR and sEPCR were examined.The INR and sEPCR oftwo groups was compared with t test.Results The INR and sEPCR of two groups 1 d preoperative had no significant difference (1.24±0.32 vs 1.23±0.19,34.91±9.14 μg/L vs 35.56±10.22 μg/L;t=0.17,P =0.868;t=0.30,P=0.768,respectively).The average value of dynamic monitoring INR in control group had no significant difference when compared with the results of embolism (1.86±0.95 vs 1.93±0.97,t=0.32,P=0.748).But the sEPCR had significant difference (101.33±27.15 μg/L vs 41.67±11.82 μg/L,t=12.69,P=0.000).Conclusion The important indexes of sEPCR could effectively guide the anticoagulant treatment,especially those who with the sEPCR value too high,the embolic threatening should be paid attention to.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.MethodsA total of 293 children (6.08±0.59 years old) who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to a 0-,1-,6-month schedule during infancy and were negative for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc,were enrolled.Of them,83children with anti-HBs ＜10 mIU/ml were considered as long-term poor responders ( group A),and 210 others with anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/ml were defined as long-term responders ( group B).A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12B,and IL-13 were detected with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThe allele frequencies of -33T,-589T,and 2979T in IL-4 gene in group A were 86.1%,86.1% and 90.4%,respectively,higher than those in group B (76.0%,76.9%,and 83.3%,respectively,all P＜0.05).In IL-4 gene,frequencies of TT genotype at position -33 and -589 in group A were 74.7% and 75.9% respectively,higher than those in group B (57.1% and 59.0% respectively,both P＜0.01 ),while the frequencies of CT at position -33 and -589 in group A was 22.9% and 20.5% respectively,lower than those in group B (37.6% and 35.7% respectively,both P＜0.05).The genotype distributions of IL-4 2979 and the allele or genotype distributions of 8 other SNPs showed no significant differences between group A and group B.ConclusionPolymorphisms at position -33,-589,and 2979 in IL-4 gene are associated with the long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.

Objective: To describe the differences of plasma folate concentration and prevalence of folate deficiency in genders and ages in Chinese adults aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: By cross-sectional analysis, plasma folate concentration was measured in 2 545 adults including men and women by microbiological assay. Results: (1) Men tended to have lower plasma folate concentration and higher prevalence of folate deficiency(9.70 nmol/L, 31.0%) than did women(14.2 nmol/L, 12.5%, P=0.001). (2) Men in South have significantly higher plasma folate concentration and lower prevalence of folate deficiency than in North. The difference of plasma folate concentration was not evident between urban and rural area, but evident in North between in winter and spring. There were no significant differences of prevalence of folate deficiency for men between urban and rural areas in both regions. For women, the differences of plasma folate concentration in areas were significant, which were higher in South and urban, and lower in North and rural areas. (3) Plasma folate concentration increased with age in Southern men. A similar trend for others was not significant. Conclusion: Men have lower plasma folate concentration and higher prevalence of plasma folate deficiency than do women. The distribution of plasma folate concentrations in urban and rural areas seems different between men and women.

Objective: To describe the distribution of plasma vitamin B12 concentration in Chinese adults aged 35 to 64 years.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis was empolyed.Plasma vitamin B12 concentration was measured in 2 459 adults sampled from the representative urban and rural areas in the South and North of China.Results:Adjusted plasma vitamin B12 concentration was significantly higher (260 pmol/L) in the Southerners than in the Northerners (189 pmol/L).There were different patterns of seasonal changes of plasma vitamin B12 concentration between South and North.Plasma vitamin B12 concenration was higher during the summer and autumn (269 pmol/L)than during the winter and spring (252 pmol/L) in the South.However,the concentration was lower during the summer and autumn (177 pmol/L) than during the winter and spring (200 pmol/L) in the North.Women tended to have higher plasma vitamin B12 concentration than men.There were 5.5 percent of the participants whose plasma vitamin B12 concentration was lower than 110 mol/L.Conclusion:Significant regional and gender differences in plasma vitamin B12 concentration were observed in Chinese adults.The seasonal changes between the South and North were different.

Objective To investigate whether amniocentesis may increase the risk for mother-tochild transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).Methods Totally 40 children born to HBV-infected mothers who had amniocentesis performed in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School from January 2010 to December 2013, were followed up and screened for HBV markers.Amniotic fluid samples were collected and stored at-80 ℃ were tested for HBV markers.Among the 40 carrier mothers, three (7.5％) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive.Relevant data such as antiviral history, administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in infants were collected.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.Results The mothers were 21-41 years old, with a mean age of (31.5±5.5) years at the time of amniocentesis and mean gestational age of (21.2± 1.6) weeks (18.4-24.9 weeks).Indications for amniocentesis were mainly abnormal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (65.0％, 26/40)and maternal age over 35 years (10.0％, 4/40).None of the mothers received antiviral therapy and 14 (35.0％)underwent transplacental amniocentesis.Among 28 cases who had a store of amniotic fluid sample and were followed-up, one (7.1％) was positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA, and another was positive for HBsAg only.The average age of 40 children at follow-up was (2.0± 1.0) years (seven months to four years old), among which 23 were boys and 17 were girls.All of them received hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG.Positive rate of HBsAg and HBV DNA in HBeAg(+) mothers are higher than those in HBeAg(-) mothers [4.7％(2/43) vs 3/5, x2=14.705;0/43 vs 2/5, x2=17.948;both P ＜ 0.05].Thirty-seven children born to HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(-) mothers were negative for both HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and the other three born to HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+) mothers were also negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc.Additionally, the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody in children was 90.0％ (36/40).Conclusions For those HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(-) mothers, amniocentesis does not elevate the risk for mother-to-child transmission of HBV, even performed transplacentally.However, further studies are needed for HBeAg-positive mothers.HBsAg or HBV DNA positive in amniotic fluid should be diagnosed as intrauterine infection of HBV.