The near therapeutic effect of antiglaucomatous operations of various kinds on 266 eyes of 194 patients with various types of glaucoma were evaluated. 82 eyss of 61 patients out of those were followed up from 10 to 193 months(an average of 69 months) and thus the remote therapeutic effect was observed in these cases. In general the near operative results of this series was similar to those of the concurrent reports by other authors, but the remote effect was not satisfactory. Invariably, the therapeutic effect deteriorated as the time went by. The possible factors which led to the deterioration of the therapeutic effect were discussed by the author.Altogether 19 kinds of operative methods were used and four of them, Scheie's operation, subscleral sclerenclesis, interlamellar Scheie's operation and trabe-culectomy were the main methods used. It was found that trabeculectomy resulted in high percentage of success in controlling the intraocular pressure and brought about rather few complications. It was suggested that trabeculectomy be the operation of choice for the treatment, of glaucoma.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of gastric bypass surgery on type 2 diabetic rats.Methods The models of type 2 diabetic rats were induced by stretozotocin and 20 diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:diabetes-operation group (DO group,n =10)and diabetes-control group(DC group,n =10).20 normal rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:normal-operation(NO group,n =10) and normalcontrol group(NC group,n =10).Rats in DO and NO group underwent GBP and rats in DC group and NC group underwent sham operation.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) levels of rats in each group were detected before operation and on 72 h,1th week,4th week,8th week after operation.On the 8th week after operation,pancreas tissues were harvested for HE staining and immunofluorescence,histological changes observed.Results The FBG levels of rats were not statistically significant different before operation between DO group and DC group or between NO group and NC group (P ＞ 0.05).After operation,the FBG levels of rats in DO group gradually declined (P ＜ 0.05).FBG levels of rats in DO group were lower after operation than before operation(P ＜0.05) ; After operation FBG levels of rats were higher in DO group than in NO group and NC group at the same time point (P ＜0.05).In DC group,the difference of FBG levels of rats at different time point was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).The difference of FBG had no statistically significance between the different time points of the same group or between the same time point of different groups (P ＞ 0.05).HE staining showed that,in DO group,newborn small islets appeared in pancreas which increased the number of islet.The new islets were smaller,mostly around the pancreatic duct and the structure was similar to that of the normal islets.Immunofluorescence staining also showed that the number of islets increased.Insulin immunofluorescence found more isolated small islets composed of two or three insulin positive cells.Insulin and glucagon double immunofluorescence found insulin and glucagon double positive(INS +/GLU +)cells in some islets.Conclusions GBP has obvious hypoglycemic effects on FBG levels of type 2 diabetic rats,in which the regeneration of pancreas islets may play an important role,while on normal rats GBP has no hypoglycemic effects.

Objective To investigate the knowledge awareness of medical staff in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods Medicatl staff,who attended national or local medical conferences of Obstetrics and Gynecology from July 29th to October 25th in 2011,were invited to complete a questionnaire containing questions on clinical implications of HBV serologic markers,relevant prevention measures and including intervention measures for both pregnant women and infants.Data were collected and analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results A total of 559 answers were analyzed.Of the 559 staff,85.0％(n=475) were doctors and 15.0％(n=84) were nurses.The percentages ofstaff from primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 13.2％(n=74),36.9％(n=206) and 49.9％ (n=279).Overall,90.0％ (503/559) participants agreed that positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was contagious,but 27.5％ (154/559) mistook that the presence of antibody against hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBc) and/or antibody against hepatitis B core antigens (anti-HBc) with negative HBsAg was contagious.Totally,96.3％ (519/539) respondents knew that pregnant women should be screened for HBV infection,and those from secondary hospitals had more consciousness of HBV screening for pregnant women than those from tertiary hospitals [99.0％ (201/203) vs94.7％(250/264),x2=6.466,P=0.011].Although,95.3％ (511/536) realized that infants of mothers with positive HBsAg should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination,but 61.6％ (330/536) and 80.4％ (427/531) of the enrolled medical staff knew the exact regimen.With the available immunoprophylaxis,13.8％ (74/536) participants mistakenly believed that cesarean section may prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission,and only 13.0％ (69/532) correctly answered that neonates of women with positive HBsAg can be breast-fed.Additionally,54.4％ (290/533) participants mistakenly believed that HBsAg positive pregnant women needed HBIG injection during pregnancy to reduce HBV mother to-child transmission.Conclusions Medical staff in obstetric and gynecological department has essentially mastered the strategies of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV,but much more details should be stressed.

To investigate the impact of maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier state on twin pregnancy outcomes. Methods From January 2004 to December 2012, 569 women with twin pregnancy were hospitalized in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Thirty-two women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)(negative for hepatitis B e antigen, with normal liver function before conception)were included in the HBsAg-positive group and the other 537 women were included in the HBsAg-negative group. The pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared by t test and Chi-square test. The risk factors for neonatal birth weight were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results Compared with the HBsAg-negative group, the HBsAg-positive women had a higher incidence of abnormal liver function (alanine aminotransferase≥50 U/L) [18.8% (6/32) vs 5.8% (31/537), χ2=6.367, P=0.012]. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 21.9% (7/32) in the HBsAg-positive group, which was higher than in the HBsAg-negative group [11.6% (62/537)], although the difference was not significant (χ2=2.132, P=0.144). The incidences of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, caesarean section, umbilical cord around the neck, meconium-staining amniotic fluid and neonatal asphyxia were no statistical difference between two groups (all P<0.05, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis showed that gestational diabetes mellitus (β=67.869, 95%CI: 0.494-135.244, P=0.048), maternal age (β=6.592, 95%CI: 2.020-11.880, P=0.006) and gestational age (β=164.069, 95%CI:154.426-173.712, P<0.01) were risk factors for neonatal birth weight, but not the maternal HBsAg-positive status (β=78.864, 95%CI: -16.950-174.678, P=0.107). Conclusion Twin pregnancy and HBV carrier state increase the risk of abnormal liver function, but not other adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn diseases.

Objective The concentration of cytokines in the amniotic fluid ( AF) may reflect the immune state of maternal-fetal interface .This study aimed to investigate the level of inflammation -related cytokines in the mid-trimester AF of normal pregnant women. Methods This study included 263 pregnant women undergoing mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis , and all of them had normal pregnancy outcomes .Using MILLIPLEX MAP and Luminex, we measured the concentrations of interleukin IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic MCP-1, and tumor necrosis factor TNF-αin the AF collected from the women at 18-22 +6 weeks′gesta-tion.We analyzed the correlation of their concentrations with maternal age , gestational age , and fetal gender by rank sum test . Results The median concentrations of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-αin AF at mid-trimester were 7.91, 0.97, 78.15, 1 135.57, and 8.47 pg/mL, respectively.The levels of IL-10 and IL-1βwere higher in the pregnancies with male fetuses than in those with female fetuses (8.54 and 1.18 pg/mL vs 7.72 and 0.85 pg/mL, P=0.043 and 0.008).Maternal age or gestational week at the mid-trimester exhibited no influence on the concentrations of the 5 cytokines. Conclusion The levels of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-αremain stable in AF at mid-trimester and the former 2 are higher in pregnancies with male fetuses .

1.The external features and arterial supply of the papillary muscles of the leftventricle were studied in 54 human,52 dogs' and 110 rabbits' hearts.Radiopaquemedium or Chinese ink were injected into coronary arteries.After injection,arter-iography of some hearts were taken,and serial celloidin sections of the papillarymuscles of other hearts were made.The diameters of the papillary arteries and thedensity of the vessels were measured.2.The papillary muscles could be divided into three patterns,depending on theextent of their attachment to the ventricular wall and the relative length of theirfree part protruding into the ventricular cavity.The three patterns were as follows:(1)The attached type,the papillary muscle was largely adherent to the sucbjacentventricular myocardium,with only one third or less of its length protruding into theventricular cavity(34% in human hearts,100% in dogs' and 38% in rabbits').(2)The free type,the free end of the papillary muscle was one half of its length ormore(28% in human hearts,10% in rabbits').(3)The intermediate type,thelength of the free protruding part of the papillary muscle was intermediate between(1)and(2)(38% in human hearts,52% in rabbits').3.In the human and the dogs' hearts the anterolateral papillary muscle receivedbranches from the anterior descending artery and the diagonal left ventricularbranches or the left circumflex artery;while in the rabbits' it received branchesmainly from the anterior branches of the left ventricular artery.The posteromedialpapillary muscle received a variable supply from the left circumflex artery and orthe branches of the right coronary artery in the dogs' hearts and in the human hearts,while in the rabbits' hearts,it mainly received branches from the posteriorbranches of the left ventricular artery.4.The arrangement of the arterial vasculature of the papillary muscle seemedto be related to the different patterns of the papillary muscles.The free typereceived a large central artery which coursed through the entire papillary muscle toits apex(87.5%).The attached type had a segmental supply of 3～9 long penetrat-ing intramyocardial vessels(94.29%).The intermediate type had a combination ofboth types of vascular arrangement(98.5%).5.The average diameter of the central arteries was 617.50 ? in human hearts atits entry into the base of the papillary muscle,and 236.05 ? in rabbits.The dia-meters of the segmental arteries were 323.60 ? in human hearts,300.05 ? in dogs',121.78 ? in rabbits' respectively.The diameters of the capillary vessels were 5～8 ?in human hearts,3～6 ? in dogs',2.5～6 ? in rabbits' respectively.The numbersof capillaries that observed in a length of 200? were 15.45 in human hearts,16.2in dogs',19.3 in rabbits'.The specific values of the density of vessels per unitarea were 34.4% in human hearts,34.1% in dogs',56% in rabbits'.

Purpose　The aim is to compare the sterols in Hericium crinaceus ethanol extract and water extract from solid fermented hyphae and to study the pharmaceutical chemical basis of the different medicinal effects. Methods　The nonsaponifiable lipids were isolated by saponification.The sterols were then detected by TLC and RP-HPLC.Results　The content of sterols in ethanol extract was found to be higher than that in water extract.And one type of sterols from Hericium erinaceus hyphae was identified as ergosterol.Conclusion　Due to ergosterol′s multifunction in biological activities,it may well be one of the active components of hyphae.And higher content of lipids, especially sterols may be one of the reasons for the better medicinal effect of ethanol extract than water extract.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on mortality in elderly patient with severe sepsis or septic shock. Method Eighty-three elderly patients meeting with criteria of severe sepsis or septic shock by the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) in 2001, admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Zhejiang Hospital during May 2004 to June 2007, were enrolled, and patients with chronic renal failure were excluded. The patients were divided into survivor and non - survivor group according to whether they survived within 28 days staying in ICU, the difference of plasma BNP level,serum C-creative protein (CRP) concentration, APACHE II and SOFA scores on admission day and BNP level on the third day between the two groups were compared; thereafter, the relationship between muhiple variables including age, admission day, BNP, CRP, APACHE 11 and SOFA scores, the 3rd day BNP level and 28-day mortality were analyzed by Logistic regression, and meanwhile the independent predictors for ICU moaality among which were determined. Results BNP levels on both admission day and the 3rd day were significantly higher in nomurvivor group than those in survivor group[ ( 1056.38±676.34) pg/ml vs. (611.59±610.02) pg/ml,p =0.002 and (1448.48+891.11) pg/ml vs. (522.41±575.20) pg/ml, P<0.001, respectively]. By Logistic regression analysis, BNP level on the 3rd day and SOFA score on admission day were independent predictors of ICU mortality, The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that values of areas under the curve of the admission day and the 3rd day BNP levels for 28-days mortality were 0.735 (95% CI,0. 621～0. 848, P <0.001) andO.836 (95% CI, 0.746～0,926,P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions Plasma BNP inereaseds in majority of eldedy patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, which may serve as irdex for prognosis in elderly severe septic paients.

Objective To explore the significance of the plasma procalcitonin (PCT) level for directing antibiotic therapy in elderly patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods The 50 elderly patients with VAP were randomly separated into the regular therapy group and the PCT-directed therapy group. The regular therapy group was given regular antibiotic therapy, while the antibiotic therapy was decided according to the plasma level of PCT in the PCT-directed therapy group. The used time and utilization rate of antibiotics, as well as inflammatory indicators including white blood cells, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, there were no significant differences in white blood cells, neutrophils and CRP between the PCT-directed therapy group and regular therapy group [(8.9 ± 3.5 ) × 109/L vs. (9.4 ± 3.7) × 109/L, 0.62 ± 0.04 vs.0.60±0.04, (18.7±8.5) mg/Lvs. (21.6±6.0) mg/L, t=0.47, 1.84 and 1.37, allP＞0.05],but the CPIS was markedly lower in PCT-directed therapy group than in regular therapy group [(4.0± 1.4) scores vs. (4.7± 1.0) scores, t= 2. 18, P＜0.05]. The neutrophils, CRP and CPIS were significantly lower after treatment than before in the both groups. The concentration of PCT was decreased after treatment than before [(0.5 ± 0.9) mg/L vs. (1.7 ± 0.7) mg/L]. Meanwhile, the time using antibiotics was longer in regular treatment group than in PCT-directed therapy group [(8.72±1.32) d vs. (5.17±0.72) d, t=11.96, P＜0.01], the utilization rate of antibiotics was higher (95.2 % vs. 55.2 %, χ2 = 12.41, P＜0.01) in regular treatment group. Conclusions Using PCT levels for directing treatment in elderly patients with VAP can achieve better curative effect and reduce the use of antibiotics.

0.05).Conclusions Fluid therapy guided by functional hemodynamic index SVV in elderly patients with severe sepsis under MV is safe and more effective than that guided by CVP.SVV is valuable in prodicting the response to fluid treatment in elderly patients with severe sepsis.