Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.

Objective: To understand the nutritional literacy level and associated factors of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving student nutrition. Methods: From October 2022 to May 2023, a multi stage cluster random sampling method was employed to select a total of 14 568 primary, junior and senior high school students from 16 districts (ecluding the Economic Technological Development area) in Beijing. Through a survey questionnaire on nutritional literacy and dietary hehavior of school age children, basic information as well as data on nutritional literacy levels across four dimensions:nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation, and food intake dimensions were obtained. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, Chi square test and binary Logistic regression were used for the analysis. Results: The median total score of nutritional literacy among primary and secondary school students in Beijing was 68.8. Approximately 26.0% of primary and secondary school students achieved nutritional literacy standards. The median scores and rates of meeting the standards for nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation and food intake dimensions were 23.0, 42.1%; 17.0, 27.4%; 6.5, 33.5%; 23.0, 33.3%, respectively. There were positive correlations between all pairs of the four dimensions ( r=0.33-0.49, P <0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students, junior high school students, female students, suburban students, caregivers with a college education level and a bachelor s degree or above were the positive arrelation factors that promoted the achievement of nutritional literacy standards ( OR =2.21, 1.39, 1.18, 1.27, 1.42, 1.66, P <0.05). Conclusion The literacy level of primary and secondary school students in Beijing needs to be significantly improved. School stage, gender, region and caregiver s education level are associated factors.

Objective:To analyze the effect of long-term care insurance on the incidence of falls in old people with disability, and the modification effect of different living arrangements.Methods:Based on the discharge diagnosis records of the hospitalization in urban residents who applied for long-term care insurance in Chengdu from July 2014 to June 2021, those who received long-term care insurance were selected as the intervention group and those who received no long-term care insurance were selected as the control group, the changes in the incidence of falls before and after the long-term care were analyzed using difference-in-differences method, and the modification effects of different living arrangements were explored using stratified analysis.Results:Long-term care insurance significantly reduced the risk for monthly incidence of falls in older adults [average treatment effects on treated (ATT) = -1.21% (95% CI: -1.82%--0.60%)], and the effect increased over time (ATT=-1.26%, 95% CI: -1.93%--0.59%). Long-term care insurance had a significant effect on reducing the incidence of falls in old people living with spouses/family members (ATT=-0.92%, 95% CI: -1.47%--0.37%) and in nursing facilities/hospitals (ATT=-2.10%, 95% CI: -3.81%--0.40%), but it had no significant effect in those living alone. Conclusions:Long-term care insurance can effectively reduce the incidence of falls in old people with disability, showing a positive effect. Living with family members or in nursing facilities/hospitals has a modification effect of the implementation of long-term care insurance policy. It is necessary to pay attention to key populations in the future and expand the coverage of long-term care insurance.