Constructing internal quality control system is an important measure to improve teaching quality in the universities.Teaching supervision plays an important role in the teaching quality guaranteeing system.This article introduced and summarized the practice of teaching supervision in Tianjin Medical University including the establishment of three-leveled teaching supervision,emphasis of process management,innovation,significance and achievements of teaching supervision.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain.Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 each):sham operation group (group S) ; chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group; Dex + CCI group (group D).Two ligatures were placed on right sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in groups CCI and D.In group D Dex 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day starting from the end of operation until the animals were sacrificed.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with yon Frey filament (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulation (PWL) were measured at one day before (T0,baseline) and on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after operation (T1,2,3).Six animals were sacrificed at each time points (T1,2,3) after the measurement of PWT and PWL.Their lumbar segments (L4,5)were removed for examination with transmission electron microscope and detection of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression (by immune-histochemistry).Results CCI significantly decreased PWT and PWL,increased Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression at T1,2,3 and induced apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn neurons in group CCI as compared with group S.Intraperitoneal Dex significantly attenuated CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and neuronal apoptosis in group D as compared with group CCI.Dex injected intraperitoneally further increased Bcl-2 expression but decreased caspase-3 expression in group D as compared with group CCI.Conclusion Reduction in neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the attenuation of neuropathic pain by Dex.

Objective To investigate the functional polarization of T cells in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Forty five cases of OSAHS children were chosen to undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.Preoperative analyses of peripheral blood Th1 /Th2 ratio and Tc1 /Tc2 ratio were compared with those of normal children and those of postoperative 6 months for observation of the change of T cells.Th1/Th2 ratio and Tc1/Tc2 ratio were detected by flow cytometry.Results The preoperative ratio of Th1 cells in children with OSAHS was significantly lower than normal children [(9.66 ± 3.73) ％ vs (13.34 ± 4.36) ％,P ＜ 0.05],while the preoperative ratio of Th2 cells was significantly higher than normal children [(3.42 ± 1.64) ％ vs (2.53 ± 1.97) ％,P ＜ 0.05],which made the Thl/Th2 ratio lower than normal children (3.51 ± 1.53 vs 5.41 ±2.17,P ＜0.05).At the 6th month after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,the postoperative ratio of Th1 cells was significantly higher than preoperative ratio [(12.99 ± 3.68) ％ vs (9.66 ± 3.73) ％,P ＜ 0.05],while the postoperative ratio of Th2 cells was lower than preoperative ratio [(2.62 ± 1.88) ％ vs (3.42 ± 1.64) ％,P ＜ 0.05],which made the postoperative Th1 /Th2 ratio higher than preoperative ratio (5.15 ± 1.86 vs 3.51 ± 1.53,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in Tc1 /Tc2 ratio between the OSAHS children and normal children.Conclusions Functional polarization of T cells was abnormal in OSAHS children accompanied by the predomination of Th2 cells and the normal Tc cell polarization.Functional polarization of T cells can return to normal at the 6th month after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA in spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n =24 each):sham operation group (group S),group NP and dexmedetomidine group ( group DEX).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ choral hydrate 350 mg/kg.NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI).The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in groups NP and DEX.In group S,the right sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated.Dexmedetomidine 50μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally daily staring from the end of operation,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in groups S and NT.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured on day 1 before operation and on day 1,3,7 and 14 after operation.Six animals were sacrificed after MWT and TWL measurement on day 1,3,7 and 14 after operation in each group,the L4～6 segment of spinal cords was removed for determination of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA expression by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group S,MWT and TWL were significantly decreased and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly up-regulated after operation in groups NP and DEX ( P ＜0.05).Compared with group NP,TWL and MWT were significantly increased and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly down-regulated after operation in group DEX ( P ＜ 0.05 ).TWL and MWT were significantly higher and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly lower on day 1,3 and 14 after operation than on day 7 after operation in groups NiP and DEX ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates NP is related to inhibition of the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK in rats.

To improve 3-ketosteroid-△1-dehydrogenase (KSDH) activity and the transformation level for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione,3-ketosteroid-△1 -dehydrogenase gene (ksdD) from Arthrobacter simplex was cloned into plasmid pWB980 and expressed in B. subtilis WB600 under the control of promoter P43. The molecular weight of expressed enzyme was about 55kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The activitities assayed by spectrophotometrical method of intracellular and extracellular soluble enzyme were 110 ± 0.5mU and 15 ± 0.6mU per milligram of protein respectively. The transformation rate of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B. subtilis recombinant cells was 45.3%. Compared with Arthrobacter simplex, the enzyme activity of KSDH expressed in B. subtilis was improved about 30 fold, and the transformation level of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B.subtilis recombinant cells was improved about 10 fold. The recombinant B. subtilis cells used in biotransformation of steroids provided a new way for steroid medicines production.

Human papillomavirus continuous (HPV) infection is an essential factor to induce cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.Treating HPV infection is considered as a starting point to develop an effective therapeutic vaccine, which is a new strategy for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.In recent years, development and trials of therapeutic HPV vaccine have made great progress.Selection of vectors, utilization of adjuvants, synthesis of fusion proteins and chimeric proteins have been widely applied to research to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, to increase vaccination safety, to reduce the side effect and so on.The clinical trial results are encouraging: various types of vaccines can induce a specific immune response with good tolerance.However, numerous studies are still required to obtain further success.In addition, HPV exists in various forms, thus it is also the focus of study to expand the range of action and reduce immune escape.

Tianjin Medical University set up the module of Early Clinical Practice in the 2012 year's new curriculum system which takes the teaching mode of combining the in-class curriculum and the extracurricular scientific research as well as the social practice.The in-class curriculum refers to the early contact clinical curriculum,namely making the early contact clinical practice training as a compulsory course,which focuses on the cultivation of students' medical professional ethics and the cultivation of doctor-patient communication ability,health promotion and preventive medicine consciousness,to strengthen students' clinical thinking,clinical research ability and basic skills training.The extracurricular part mainly takes the innovation credit project as the instruction,which will make the social practice,scientific and technological innovation activity project,clinical basic skills training comprehensive,and train students' ability of organization plan,communication and coordination,word expression and scientific research ability.

Objectives To study the role of IL-17 and IL-23 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by detecting the expression levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in peripheral blood of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated by RCHOP.Methods T wenty-five patients with B-cell NHL who achieved remission after 6 to 8 cycles of R-CHOP as a NHL group,20 healthy volunteers were recruited as a normal control group.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of IL-17 mRNA and IL-23mRNA in NHL patients and health volunteers.Results The expression level of IL-17mRNA andIL-23 mRNAin the patients with NHL before therapy and the patients with NHL who achieved remission was lower than that in the normal control group (P＜0.05).The expression level of IL-17mRNA andIL-23mRNA in the patients with NHL who achieved remission was higher than that in the patients with NHL before therapy (P=0.001,P＜0.05).Conclusion IL-17 and IL-23mRNA expressions are higher after treated with R-CHOP.The expression levels of IL-17 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA in NHL patients are related with prognosis and efficacy.

Objective To investigate the factors of families related to the outcome of rehabilitation for cerebral palsy children. Methods Families of 153 cerebral palsy children were investigated with questionnaires of family condition, knowledge of cerebral palsy, compliance,and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Marital Quality Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Symptom Check List, Happiness Index.The children were assessed with Comprehensive Assessment for Disable Children before and after rehabilitation. Results There were significant differences of compliance, knowledge of cerebral palsy, being of other healthy children, personality of extraversion/introversion and lying,and mental symptom between the families of the cerebral palsy children improved or not after rehabilitation (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, being of other healthy children, personality of extraversion/introversion and mental symptom were the independent factors. Conclusion It may relate to the outcome of rehabilitation for cerebral palsy children of family condition, personality and mental health of the families, which need further intervention.

Lysostaphin is highly effective on eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications.