Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a serious autoimmune disease.Type Ⅱ collagen induced murine arthritis(CIA)displays polyarthritis and causes chronic and destructive joint damages,which is similar to RA in many aspects.CIA is widely used for the research on RA pathogenesis and drug discovery.In this review,we discussed the establishment of CIA and the key factors participating in the CIA pathogenesis.

The aim of this study is to explore the anti-HSV activity of P.vulgaris polysaccharides and gels in vitro and in vivo with the provision of scientific evidence for the further research of anti-HSV new drugs.Plaque reduction assay was adopted to determine the IC50 value of P.vulgaris polysaccharides on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro.In addition,HSV-1 (skin) and HSV-2 (vulva) infected guinea-pig models were established for assessing the anti-HSV activity of polysaccharides and gels in vivo,and infected lesion degree,number of papulovesicle,typical lesion score and the DNA copy numbers of HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses in the lesion tissue were taken as the indexes.It was found that the activities of HSV1 and HSV-2 viruses was inhibited by P.vulgaris polysaccharides in vitro,while HSV induced skin lesions in the guineapigs were ameliorated by P.vulgaris gel,exerting an anti-HSV action.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that P.vulgaris polysaccharides and gels performed an anti-HSV action both in vitro and in vivo with the hidden value of developing antiHSV agents.

Objective To revise the Chinese version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CHN-NIH-CPSD), and evaluate its feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness. Methods The NIH-CPSI was translated into Chinese according to a standard methodology including forward-backward-forward technique. The CHN-NIH-CPSI was pre-tested in consecutive samples of 162 native-speaking Chinese chronic prostatitis(CP)patients. Ninety-five of 162 filled the index again on the same day and after 4-week therapy. Ninety-seven healthy men were included as evaluated. Results The recovery of the questionnaires was 100% and all the patients filled the index completely. The mean time to complete the questionnaire for the patient group was 5.2±2.4 (range 2 - 12) min. The split-half reliability was 0.82. For the overall index and each subscale, the test-retest reliability was 0.98, 0. 98, 0. 98, 0. 97, respectively(P＜0.01);and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0. 61,0. 71, 0. 59, 0. 75, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good construct validity with a goodness of fit index of 0. 85 and a x2 of 124.67(P＜0. 01). Of all 162 patients, the scores of the overall index and each subscale were 23. 33±5.91. 8. 80±4.26, 5.30±2.82, 9. 23±1.90, respectively;and those of healthy controls were 1. 95±1.97, 0. 37±1.03, 0. 15±0.58, 1.42± 1.20,respectively. Of the 95 patients, the original scores were 23. 53±5.60, 9.21 ±4.04, 5.10±2.75,9.21 ±2.05, comparing with 19.47±6.36, 7.79±3.95, 3. 58±1.88, 8.11±2.50, the 4 weeks later scores. The group t-test and paired t-test showed good responsiveness. Conclusions The CHN-NIH-CPSI has high feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness for testing the patients with CP. It is suitable for Chinese-speaking patients and helpful for cross-cultural comparisons of men with CP in clinical and research settings.

The regulation of immune response is affected by several factors in order to maintain homeostasis.Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme expressed by different types of APC,including macrophages and dendritic cells.IDO activity leads to regulatory effects on T cells,which are mediated by tryptophan depletion in specific local tissue microenvironments,the production of proapoptotic metabolites,and inhibition of T-cell clone proliferation through regulatory T cells.IDO plays an important role in protecting the allogeneic fetus from rejection,the development of autoimmune diseases,allograft rejection,and cancer.So regulation of IDO activity may offer a novel drug-based strategy to treat immune-related diseases.

Objective To establish a method for determining the dissolution of isoniazid tablet in vitro and evaluate the dissolution profiles.Methods The paddle method was used for the dissolution test and the rotation rate was set at 50 r/min.The hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.2),acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5),phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) and water (900 mL) were used as the dissolution media.HPLC was used for the determination of dissolution quantity.Results There was a good linear relationship between the quality concentration of i soniazid and peak area in the range of 0.1981-0.9904μg (r =0.9993).The average recovery was 100.2％.Precision,reproducibility,and specificity tests were good.Among the determination of 16 manufactures,the dissolution profiles in water of four manufactures were not similar with Sandoz reference preparation.Conclusion The HPLC method is simple.The accuracy and specificity of determination of isoniazid dissolution are improved.There is significant difference in the dissolution profiles between different manufactures.The method can be used for the determination of dissolution curves for isoniazid tablets.

Objective To explore the abilities and personal qualities that medical undergraduates need for their future clinical work, and develop their competency model. Methods The self-made ques-tionnaire survey on medical undergraduates' competencies was conducted among the 1326 medical under-graduates in a medical university by using the cluster sampling method, and the 1099 effective question-naires were collected with effective rates of 82.88%. The exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the internal structure of competency item and to build the competency model. The rating method was used to calculate the weight of each competency item. Results The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the competency questionnaire was 0.965, and the coefficient of each dimension was above 0.832. The KMO statistic value was 0.970, and the probability associated with Bartlett test statistic was P=0.000, showing that the questionnaire has high reliability and validity. The competency model of medical undergraduates covers six aspects, namely, craftsmanship, personal qualities, professional learning, interpersonal communication, psychological adaptation and the pursuit of excellence, which contain 49 factors. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 54.729%. The weights of these six aspects in the model were 0.204 4, 0.202 1, 0.175 3, 0.158 8, 0.137 6 and 0.121 8 respectively. Conclusion The competency model of undergraduate medi-cal students has a certain scientific and practical value, which can provide new evaluation methods and ideas for medical education objectives, quality assurance, teaching evaluation, medical personnel selection and training.

Objective To explore relationship of psychotic symptoms with childhood abuse and psy-chological resilience in patients with depression. Methods According to whether the psychotic symptoms ex-ist,160 patients with depression were divided into psychotic major depression (PMD group,n=80) and non-psychotic major depression (NMD group,n=80). All patients were assessed with general information ques-tionnaire,the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ) and the Conner-Davidson resilience scale( CD-RISC). Using logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of psychiatric symptoms in depressive pa-tients. Results There were significant differences in the emotional abuse (( 17. 80 ± 2. 78), ( 10. 14 ± 1. 46)),the physical abuse ((16. 98±3. 21),(8. 31±1. 24)),the sexual abuse ((8. 74±1. 87),(7. 85± 1. 71)),the emotional neglect (( 21. 46 ± 1. 95), ( 15. 71 ± 2. 12)) and total score of childhood abuse ((81. 98±9. 88),(54. 10±4. 36)) between the two group (F=68. 88,70. 91,2. 91,45. 93,77. 28,all P<0. 01). There were significant differences in the resilience (F=4. 47,P<0. 01),the power ( F=5. 59,P<0. 01),the optimism (F=2. 35,P=0. 033) and total score of psychological resilience ( F=7. 23,P<0. 01) between the two group. Logistic regression analysis showed that attack in early age( B=2. 57,P=0. 024,OR (95%CI)=13. 07(1. 01-169. 54)) was a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. No experience of childhood abuse (B=-1. 95,P=0. 003,OR( 95% CI)= 0. 14(0. 04-0. 52)),the higher psy-chological resilience level(B=-2. 54,P<0. 01,OR(95%CI)=0. 08(0. 02-0. 27)),mild to moderate depres-sion (B=-1. 33,P=0. 013,OR(95%CI)=0. 27(0. 09-0. 76))were protective factors of psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. Conclusion Psychological resilience may be the protective factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression while childhood abuse may be a risk factor.

Objective To build a multi‐level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors for hierarchical medical system ,to identify the role relationship between all the factors and transmission pathways ,and to recommend on developing China′s hierarchical medical system . Methods Thirty influencing factors were identified in a screening based on literature review for the hierarchical medical system .On such basis ,16 influencing factors were identified by three health policy experts ,which affect operations of the current system .Interpretative structural modeling was called into play in the end to analyze the hierarchy relationship between various influencing factors and the conduction loops .Results There exist among the 16 factors a 3‐level hierarchical structureand two conduction loops .The factor directly limiting the hierarchical medical system is two‐way referral,and most internal core drivers arehuman resources development and governance mechanism.By means of self‐growth and external constraints ,they exert their influence on the operation of hierarchical medical system .Conclusions There are interactive hierarchical effects among the factors ,merging into three node elements of functional role,inter‐entity relationshipand patient participation.

Objective:To explore the influence of maternal attachment and alexithymia on risk of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.Methods:Fifty-seven outpatients and inpatients from Anhui Mental Health Center with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and their mothers were involved as the case group, and fifty-three age-, gender-, and education-matched adolescents and their mothers as the normal controls.They were assessed with the experience in close relationship inventory(ECR), the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and the adolescents self-harm scale.SPSS 22.0 software was used for correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis.Results:There were significant differences in attachment avoidance ((3.7±0.6), (3.0±0.6)), attachment anxiety ((4.0±0.7), (3.1±0.9)), difficulty identifying feelings ((2.9±0.7), (2.3±0.7)), difficulty describing feelings((3.0±0.6), (2.4±0.5)) and alexithymia ((57.2±8.3), (49.5±9.5))between the two mother groups ( t=6.53, 5.79, 4.01, 5.50, 4.56, all P<0.05). NSSI of adolescents was positively correlated with the scores of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings( r=0.487, 0.532, 0.401, 0.360, 0.468, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that unsafe maternal attachment( B=2.57, OR=3.07, 95% CI=1.01-169.54, P=0.024)and the higher alexithymia level( B=1.95, OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.29-3.58, P=0.003)could lead to higher risk of NSSI in adolescents. Conclusion:Unsafe maternal attachment and the higher alexithymia level may be the risk factors for adolescents with NSSI.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in locally advanced gastric cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after radical gastrectomy, aiming to provide reference for postoperative CRT of locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 171 patients with curatively resected gastric carcinoma who received postoperative CRT in our hospital between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated by Kaplan- Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed by log- rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was conducted by Cox model. Results:The median follow-up duration was 63 months. The follow-up rate was 93.6%. 31.0% and 66.7% of the enrolled patients were classified in pathological stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The acute grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity rates were 8.8% and 9.9%, respectively. In total, 166 patients completed the entire CRT regimen. No toxicity-related death occurred. Regarding patterns of recurrence, 17 patients had locoregional recurrence, 29 had distant metastasis and 12 had peritoneal metastasis. The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 83.7%, 66.3%, and 60.0%, while the 1-, 3-and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 75.5%, 62.7%, and 56.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, pathological T stage, perineural invasion and lymph node ratio (LNR) were found to be the independent predictors of OS.Conclusions:Postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy and chemotherapy are well tolerated, with acceptable toxicities and encouraging locoregional tumor control and long-term survival. LNR can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for OS. Adjuvant CRT should be considered for all patients with a high risk of locoregional recurrence.