Objective To observe the adverse effects of passive smoking on antioxidant capacity and spermiogenesis of the testis and epididymides in rats.Methods SD rats were exposed to smoke in a self-made passive smoking chamber twice a day for 48 days.At the end of the experiment,the right testis and epididymides homogenate were prepared and the level of SOD,GSH-Px, NOS,NO and MDA were measured respectively.The sperms of left epididymides were observed by light microscope for determining sperm density,motility,progressive motility,fast progressive motility.The microstructure changes of left testis were observed.Results In passive smoking group,the level of MDA was significantly increased(P

Objective To investigate the association of prognosis with clinical features,tumor imaging,and pathological grading and staging in small renal cell carcinoma(SRCC). Methods The clinical data of 76 cases of SRCC (no more than 3 cm in diameter) were analyzed retrospectively.According to the clinical symptoms,they were divided into two groups,symptomatic (hematuria and lumbago) group (n=17,accounting for 22.4%) and asymptomatic group (n=59,77.6%).All the 76 cases underwent CT scan,with the diagnosis rate of 94.7%;69 cases underwent B-ultrasound examination with the diagnosis rate of 84.1%. Results All the 76 cases underwent radical nephrectomy through oblique incision in the lumbus.The excised tumors were pathologically confirmed to be clear cell carcinoma.The patients were followed up for 32 to 87 months(mean,62.7 months).The 1-,3-,and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were 100% and 53.3%,33.3% and 100%,90.6% and 77.4%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the 3- and 5-year cancer-free survival rates (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the neural mechanism of prospective memory(PM) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled,and all subjects were scanned with fMRI while performing the event-based PM tasks (double-task paradigm,including the ongoing task and PM task).And the image data were preprocessed and analyzed by using SPM8 software.Results ( 1 ) Compared to the control task,bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex ( x,y,z =6/- 2,54/42,- 8/- 12,t =3.71 ),right somatosensory association area ( x,y,z =14,- 62,64,t =4.64 ),superior temporal gyrus ( x,y,z =42,- 46,16,t =3.95 ) and right paracentral lobule (x,y,z =10,-22,76,t =4.01 ) were activated significantly by the ongoing task (P ＜ 0.001 ).(2) Bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex ( x,y,z =- 2/6,42/54,- 12/- 12,t =3.28) and paracentral lobule (x,y,z =- 30/10,- 22/- 22,72/76,t =4.25 ),left postcentral gyrus ( x,y,z =- 38,- 46,64,t=3.13) and middle occipital gyrus ( x,y,z =- 30,- 70,0,t =3.97 ) were activated significantly by the PM task (P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionRostral prefrontal cortex (BA 10 area) is the major area of prospective memory,and medial BA10 area may be involved in the monitoring of external cues.The present study supports the gateway hypotheses of prospective memory.

Objective To study the relationship between the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and components of metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 10 461 working and retired employees aged 20 to 90 years in a Petrochemical Corporation in Ningbo were included.Body mass index ( BMI),waist circumference,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid profile,serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine ( FT4 ),and free triiodothyronine (FT3 ) were measured in all subjects. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation(IDF) criteria.Results ( 1 ) The prevalences of metabolic syndrome and overall thyroid dysfunction were 10.2％ and 4.6％,respectively. ( 2 ) 18.1％ petrochemical employees had abdominal obesity with at least one component of metabolic syndrome.( 3 ) There was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the groups with lowered,normal,and elevated TSH. (4) Logistic regression analysis revealed that lowered high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) was associated with lowered TSH ( OR =0.313,95％ CI 0.184-0.530 ),and raised triglyceride was associated with elevated TSH ( OR =0.767,95％ CI 0.595-0.991 ). ( 5 ) There were significant associations between serum TSH levels and lipid parameters such as total cholesterol in males,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in females,and HDL-C in both genders.Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was not associated with central obesity,hypertension,and hyperglycemia.Lipid disorder was correlated with serum TSH levels.

%85, entered into the high sensitive group (30 cases), and the patients with negative PRA into control group. The fresh blood was collected, and PBMCs was collected by Ficoll method. Total RNA were extracted by one-step technique and purified. The total RNA in high sensitive group were labeled with Cy5-dUTP, and control group with Cy3-dUTP, then the cDNA probe was labeled by reverse transcript way. High throughout gene chip ((16 920)) was hybrided and scanned. Cy3/Cy5 image files were copied. Then fluorescent signal value of gene expressing was obtained, and differential expression genes were sifted. RESULTS: Among the differential expression 877 genes, there were up-regulated 88 genes and down- regulated 789 genes. The mechanism of high sensitive status in human immune system was analyzed by some function-known genes which coded NY-REN-55 antigen, CD100, defender against cell death 1, breast cancer resistance protein, transcriptional repressor, death domain containing protein, cyclophilin-33A, rapamycin-binding protein, heat shock protein 40, interferon-alpha receptor and STAT inhibitor-2. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of PBMCs in high sensitive status of human immune system in patients with uremia may be associated with recognition of auto-antigen,signal conduction, aggregation and differentiation of B lymphocyte, anti-apoptosis and resistance of immunosuppressant. [

Objective Analysis of the operational efficiency trends of and problems with the public tertiary hospitals. Methods A retrospective statistics analyzed the indicators of ten public tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai during 1997-2006. Results The outpatients number per capita for the hospital staff maintains an rising trend, averaging 12.2% per year prior to year 2000; The yearly-averaged total assets turnover of the hospitals decreases from 0.89 in 1997 to 0.69 in 2003, then maintaining unchanged; The yearly-averaged receivables turnover began to fall since 1999, falling from 21.4 in 1999 to 9.7 in 2006; hospital income growth fluctuated during the years, yet with a high level of total assets growth; given the fluctuations in asset-liability ratio, such ratio has been growing slowly, maintaining at 20 % since 2004. Conclusion Problems are found with the operational efficiency of these public tertiary general hospitals as follows: the rapid growth of productivity in such hospitals finds no concurrent improvements in assets related indicators. Against a low income ratio, high debt ratio will plague hospital development to some extent.

Objective To determine diosgenin content in Jingangteng soft capsule by RP-HPLC.Methods A RP-HPLC was performed on a Shim-Pak VP-ODS C18column(5?m,4.6 mm? 250 mm),the mobile phase consisting of acetonitri le-H2O(87∶13) and the detected wavelength at 209 nm.Results A good line arity was obtained in the range 0.0595～ 14.875 ? g(r=0.99999) for diosgenin. The average recovery and RSD were 99.4 % and 2.0 % respectively(n=5).Concl usion The method is simple,rapid,stable and reliable,and can be used to determine diosgenin content in Jingangteng soft capsule.

Objective Using ROC curve to determine the best cut-off point of serum HE-4 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and provide important value to diagnosis early ovarian cancer.Methods The levels of serum HE-4 in 68 ovarian cancer pa-tients,42 ovarian benign tumor patients and 30 healthy female were detected by electrochemistry irradiance method.The ROC curve was drawn and the cut-off point of HE-4 was determined by statistical software.Results The levels of serum HE-4 were all non-normal distribution in the groups of ovarian cancer,ovarian benign tumor and healthy controls.Whats more,there was no significant difference between ovarian benign tumor group and normal control group.And compared with benign ovarian tumors and normal control group,the level of HE-4 in ovarian cancers was significantly increased (P <0.01).It would be best for diagnosis when the level of serum HE-4 was 108pmol/L in ovarian cancer.Youden’s index showed the maximum (0.713)and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing were 77.9% and 93.1% respectively.The positive predictive value was 91.4% and negative predictive value was 91.4%.At the same time,the positive likelihood ratio was 11.6 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.2,odds ratio reached to 47.3.Conclusion The detection of HE-4 is an ideal mark for diagnosing and excluding ovarian cancer.Selecting 108 pmol/L as ovarian cancer diagnosis point is relative appro-priate.

With the expansion of herbal medicine (HM) market, the issue on how to apply up-to-date analytical tools on qualitative analysis of HMs to assure their quality, safety and efficacy has been arousing great attention. Due to its inherent characteristics of accurate mass measurements and multiple stages analysis, the integrated strategy of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) is well-suited to be performed as qualitative analysis tool in this field. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the potential of this integrated strategy, including the review of general features of LC-IT-MS and LC-TOF-MS, the advantages of their combination, the common procedures for structure elucidation, the potential of LC-hybrid-IT-TOF/MS and also the summary and discussion of the applications of the integrated strategy for HM qualitative analysis (2006-2011). The advantages and future developments of LC coupled with IT and TOF-MS are highlighted.