Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication after cardiac surgery, which leads to hemodynamics disorder, prolongs hospitalization and increases mortality. The underlying mechanisms behind POAF are associated with cardiomyocyte injury, sympathetic activation and inflammation. The prediction of POAF is based on correlated index from pre-, intra-and post-surgery. POAF can be treated by rhythm and heart rate control as well as and antithrombotic therapy.

The nanotechnology has been successfully applied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and develops rapidly.As a cutting-edge technique,there exist a series of ethical issues when applying nanotechnology in human body,such as risk management,benefit assessment,privacy protection and informed consent.Clinical trials initiated by researchers also face ethical challenges.Therefore,it should study on the ethical issues when using nanotechnology in medicine.To insure the healthy development of nanotechnology in medical application,the regulations and rules should be improved,the assessment of risks and benefits should be strengthened,the ethical review should be reinforced,and the awareness level of the researchers should be enhanced.

The systematic teaching does better to help students master and use what they have learned, and it will be good for avoidance of repeated contents and shortening teaching time. It can also help students find more interest in studying neurology.

This paper investigates 240 cases of medical disputes and interviews involved patients with questionnaires,explores patients′ behaviors,attitudes,and complaints in medical disputes,and analyzes the reasons and motivations for those behaviors and attitudes,in order to provide reference for reduce medical disputes and improve physician-patient relationship.

Objective To understand the status quo of medical graduates' professional faith and to evaluate the education methods. Methods Questionnaire survey combined with expert inter-view were conducted from two aspects: professional faith condition and educational methods. Medical graduates from an affiliated hospital of a university in Shanghai were investigated in this survey and 392 copies of effective questionnaires were analyzed comparatively. Results 92.6%(363/392) students regarded extreme events as the main factor that influence their further employment. 14.8%(58/392) students had career planning. 79.6%(312/392) students achieved self-improvement from strengthening learning and training. Salary was the main factor that affect medical graduates' career choice (4.47 points). 75.5%(296/392) students considered that the existing professional faith education was out of fashion. 85.5%(335/392) of students thought that education methods should be improved. Strengthen-ing relevant education career planning was considered as the most valuable content (4.22 points) and the most effective form was group learning (4.53 points). Conclusions The main reasons for devia-tion and dissatisfaction are:social factor, lack of professional faith, unique status and obsolete way of education. Professional faith education should take the above factors into consideration.

Objective To evaluate Tornwaldt′s cyst using MR imaging. Methods 1 452 cases with head MR imaging were reviewed. The signal intensity, shape, and size of the lesions were observed. Results Tornwaldt′s cyst were found in 18 of 1 452 cases (1 24%), all of the 18 cases were isointense to CSF on T 2WI and hyperintense to muscle on T 1WI.Tornwaldt′s cyst were round ( n =13)and ovoid ( n =5). The size of lesions were from 2 mm to 15 mm. There were 15 cases with adenoid hyperplasia. Conclusions Tornwaldt′s cysts occupied 1 24% in routine head MR imaging and were hyperintense to muscle on T 1WI and isointense to CSF ON T 2WI.

The effects of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells(BCAEC), bovine coronary artery smooth muscle cells(BCASMC) and mouse cardiomyocytes were observed in vitro . The concentrations of VEGF in BCAEC control and HGF group at 12h were 10.51?2.90pg/ml and 9.31?2.78pg/ml, respectively. The concentrations of VEGF at 12h in BCASMC control and HGF group were 3.35 and 3.93 times of that at 3h respectively, the concentration of VEGF at 3h and 12h in BCASMC HGF group was 2.06 and 2.42 times respectively, of that in control group. The concentrations of VEGF at 12h in cardiomyocyte control and HGF group were 5.43 and 4.09 times, respectively, of that at 3h, and the concentrations of VEGF at 3h and 12h in cardiomyocyte HGF group was 2.74 and 2.06 times, respectively, of that in control group. These results indicated that BCAEC, BCASMC and mouse cardiomyocytes could secrete VEGF, and HGF could promote VEGF secretion in BCASMC and cardiomyocytes, but not in BCAEC.

The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on proliferation of bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) and smooth muscle cells (BCASMC) were studied in vitro. BCAEC and BCASMC were isolated and cultured and divided into control group, VEGF (50ng/ml) group and HGF (50ng/ml) group. Cells proliferation was measured using MTT method. The results showed that the OD values of control, VEGF, and HGF group in BCAEC cultures were 0.23?0.02, 0.58?0.10, and 0.42?0.12, respectively, and those in BCASMC were 0.31?0.08, 0.45?0.09, and 0.40?0.11, respectively. The proliferation ratios of BCAEC and BCASMC induced by HGF were 152.2%?33.8% and 45.2%?25.3%, respectively, and that by VEGF were 82.6%?18.7% and 29.0%?20.4%, respectively. The results suggested that HGF could promote proliferation and migration of BCAEC and BCASMC, while VEGF could promote proliferation of BCAEC but not BCASMC. The effect of HGF on BCAEC was stronger than that on BCASMC, and the induction strength of HGF was higher than VEGF.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of senile primary central nervous system lymphoma.Methods The patients were divided into two groups,one group of the patients underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment following surgical resection,the other received a combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy only.The survival were analyzed with log-rank test.Results All of the lesions showed the iso-to slightly high density in the CT scan,and the boundary was unclear,surrounded by edema.Contrast enhancement was found in all of the patients.MRI showed iso-to low T1 and iso-to slightly high T2 signal intensity to the adjacent gray matter.The lesions were surrounded by the edema belt.Contrast enhancement such as rim enhancement or homogeneous enhancement was found in all.The pathological diagnosis was B cell lymphoma(n=32)and T cell lymphoma(n=4).In addition,all of the patients were excluded out of HIV infection and their immune function was normal.The median survival time of the group receiving surgery combination treatment and the group receiving just chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 19 months and 14 months,respectively.There was no significant statistics between the survival time of the two groups.Conclusion It is necessary to differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioma,metastatic tumor,meningoma,and so on.The surgical resection seems no help for those senile central nervous system lymphoma patients with multi-focus.The diagnosis should be suspected after MRI and obtained by stereotactic biopsy in order to avoid an unnecessary extend of surgery in primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).

Medical students' education of medical ethics is now influenced by many unfavorable factors,such as absence of humanities quality,weakening belief in ideality and shock from the market economy.General education may play an important role in strengthening humanities quality and belief in ideality among medical students,and correcting their cognition of the market economy.Therefore,it is necessary to deepen general education on strengthening medical students' education of medical ethics.