The shortage of human hearts has brought the current research focus on finding an animal source as substitute hearts.The immunological barriers to cardiac xenotransplantation are now more clearly defined,allowing retrospective interpretation of past clinical experience in humans.Due to physiological compatibilities as well as ethical and infectious considerations,pigs have now emerged as the most likely source of future xenografts.With the introduction of transgenic pigs expressing human complement regulatory proteins and new immunosuppressive strategies have shown early promise in the laboratory,cardiac xenotransplantation has been the social focus.This article explores ethical issues that surround developments in this field.

Objective To approach the effect of cathepsin K(CK) on the onset of osteoporosis,and to study the influence of Bushen Tongluo Prescription(BTP,with the actions of invigorating the kidney and dredging the meridians) on osteoclast CK in ovariectomized rats.Methods Thirty female SD rats were divided into three groups randomly: sham-operation group,model group and BTP(12.46g.kg-1.d-1) group.The bilateral ovaries in rats of the model group and BTP group were removed.Four weeks later,BTP group were given gastric gavage of BTP.On the 6th and 12th weeks,we detected the general bone density of rats,examined CK expressionin osteoclasts with Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) methods.ResultsThe in-vitro cultured cells had the phenotype feature of mature osteoclasts.The bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats was negatively correlated with CK expression in time-effect manner.BTP down-regulated the CK protein and CK mRNA expression(P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive technique by retroperitoneal approach in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic necrosis.Methods The clinical data of 10 patients with severe acute pancreatitis combined with peripancreatic necrosis who underwent retroperitoneal drainage by aspirating and placing tube under B ultrasound guidance on the basis of routine therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from January 2016 to September 2016 were analyzed.Results All of the 10 patients successfully underwent puncture.Drainage was good after puncture and tube placement in 7 patients.The amylase activity was normal within 3 ～ 7 days,and the symptoms of abdominal pain and bloating were alleviated in 2 ～ 4 days.Among them,3 cases had poor drainage after catheterization due to a large necrotic area,and the percutaneous nephroscope was performed to remove the necrotic tissue of the pancreas.Bacteria was detected in the drainage fluid of 7 patients.The complications of pneumothorax,hemothorax and organ injury were not found in all the patients.The average hospitalization time was 19.4 days (10 ～ 34 days).Conclusions Minimally invasive retroperitoneal approach is safe and effective in curing severe acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic necrosis with good efficacy,which is worth for clinical recommendation and application.

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of entirely mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection for patients with breast cancer. Methods To analyze the clinical data and the procedure of the Breast cancer cases with entirely mastescopic axillary lymph node dissection. Results All the operations of those cases re-ceived entirely mastoseopic axillary lymph nodes dissection were successful, the average operating duration was 97min,and average of 5 ～ 14 lymph nodes were removed;2 cases had the positive lymph node. The procedure of those operations went well ,and there was no operation complication. After the operation the shoulder mobilization had unlim-ited, and no cancer cell was transplanted in operations holes. Conclusion Entirely mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection can be carried out in grass-root hospitals and can be taken as one of the usual operation methods.

Objective To analyze the outcome in advanced age patients with obstruction of the left colonrectal cancer treated by intraoperative cavage method.Methods From 1998 and 2004,37 senile patients with acute obstruction for cancer underwent surgery.The patients were treated with intraoperative lavage,resection and primary anastomosis.Results All patients,no anastomotic leakage occurred.The patients got a well recovery post-operation.Conclusion One-stage emergency surgery for left obstructing colonic cancers is safe with the regard of intraoperative lavagation methods.

This paper combines the experience that university is in constructing center of experimental teaching.We thoroughly elaborated center of experimental teaching the guidelines of construction,develop process,and concrete conditions were introduced such as experiment resources integration,instruments management,network construction,personnel dispensation,model of managements establishment,laboratory open,and have obtained the obviously result.

Objective To explore the value of virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods VTI features of 77 histologically proven thyroid nodules in 74 patients were analyzed and the VTI features were divided into 6 grades.The higher grade represented higher tissue stiffness.Differences in VTI grade between benign and malignant lesions were analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were calculated.Results 77 pathologically proven thyroid nodules included 61 benign and 16 malignant lesions.VTI images classification included 0 in grade Ⅰ,1 ingrade Ⅱ,1 in grade Ⅲ,9 in grade Ⅳ,3 in grade Ⅴ and 2 in grade Ⅵ for malignant diseases ; and included 18 in grade Ⅰ,28 in grade Ⅱ,10 in grade Ⅲ,1 in grade Ⅳ,2 in grade Ⅴ and 2 in grade Ⅵ for benign diseases.The best diagnostic point of VTI-grade was grade Ⅳ.When VTI-grade Ⅳ or greater was used as the diagnostic criterium for malignancy,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 87.50％,91.80％ and 90.9(％ respectively.Conclusions VTI is useful in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective To investigate the MRI imaging features, and pathologic basis of the orthotropic transplantation nude mouse model with human pancreatic cancer. Methods Adopting Siemens Magnetom Trio Tim 3.0 Tesla superconductive MRI and breast coil was used to examine 30 orthotropic transplantation nude mouse models of the human pancreatic cancer, these mouse were sampled to acquire TSE-T1 -weighted and T2-weighted transverse axial images. Intraperitoneal injection of Gd DTP A was used to perform continuous dynamic enhancement scanning. Signal intensities of tumors were measured in plain scanning and each phase' s enhancement scanning images, respectively. Intensification rates of tumors were calculated. Pathologic examination of tumors was performed to be compared with the findings of MRI scanning. Results The successful rate of inoculation of 30 nude mice was 100%. The histological findings were comparable with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Compared with signal of adjacent tissues, the MRI findings of the tumors were uniformly slightly hypointensity (90% , 27/30) , or unevenly (10% , 3/30) on TSE-T1WI; uniformly (20% , 6/30) or unevenly (80% , 24/30) hyperintensity with equal or more hyper signal spots on TSE-T2WI. Signal intensities on plain scanning was 228.35 ±11.71, and 1.5,3,6,9, 12 min after enhancement scanning, thesignal intensities were 258.20 ± 11.17, 301.75 ± 17.09, 358.65 ±25.13, 480.05 ± 19.01, 558.35 ± 40.49, which were significantly higher than those in plain scanning (P <0.01). The intensification rate of every phase was 0.13 ±0.04, 0.35 ±0.11, 0.56 ±0.10, 1.10 ±0.10, 1.45 ±0.18, and the difference among these phases was statistically significant (P <0.01). The significantly intensified area was the area where the tumor cells grew actively with rich capillaries; the central area without intensification was the area of necrotic tissue and/or densely packed tumor cells and few capillaries. Conclusions High resolution MRI imaging of implanted tumors can be obtained by intraperitoneal injection of contrast, and it is consistent with pathologic examinations.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of central compartment neck dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma.METHODS The clinical data of 46 cases with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma in our hospital from Jan.1999 to June 2004 were retrospectively studied.The level Ⅵ lymph nodes were removed during the operation.RESULTS In 46 cN0 cases,there were 11 cases(23.9 %) pathologically proved lymph nodes metastasis after operation.Four patients developed neck recurrence and underwent neck dissection.CONCLUSION It is necessary to probe the level Ⅵ lymph nodes during the operation for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.

Objective To explore the effects of minimally invasive removal of intracranial hematoma on blood-brain barrier (BBB) index, serum myelin basic protein (MBP) and activity of daily living (ADL) in hypertensive patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Through observing 30cases operated within 3.0 hours, 32 case operated between 3. 1-8. 0 hours, 28 cases operated between 8. 1 to 24.0 hours and 22 cases operated over 24 hours, the changes of BBB index, serum MBP and ADL were analyzed. Results The BBB index and serum MBP were significantly lower in patients operated within 8. 0 hours than in patients operated over 8. 1 hours [≤3.0 hours group:(6.57±0.69)×10-3 and (3. 12±0.40)μg/L;3. 1-8.0 hours group: (7. 37±1.29)×10-3 and (3.25±0.60)μg/L;8. 1-2.0 hours group: ( 12. 02± 1.51 ) × 10 3 and (4. 60±0. 48)μg/L;over 24.0 hours group: ( 14. 68±2.07)×10-3 and (5.88±0.64)μg/L,Q＞13.8,P＜0. 05]. And the ADL was lower in patients operated within 8. 0 hours than in patients operated over 8. 1 hours [≤3.0 hours group: (2. 60± 1.07)scores; 3.1-8.0 hours group: (3. 06±0. 91 )scores;8. 1-24.0 hours group: (4.00±0.67) scores;over 24.0 hours group:(3.68±1.32)scores,Q＞3. 1,P＜0.05].Conclusions The minimally invasive surgery of intracranial hematoma within 8.0 hours can mitigate the cytotoxicity-damaged BBB so as to lighten brain edema and improve the patients quality of life.