Objective:To explore the role of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) of the renal transplant recipients during the acute rejection phase by gene chips.Methods:The 8 patients with acute rejection (AR) after renal transplantation were collected peripheral blood before operation (as control samples) and renal biopsy (as experimental samples).By Ficoll method,PBL was collected.Total RNA were extracted by one-step technique and purified.The total RNA were labeled with Cy5-dUTP (experimental samples) or Cy3-dUTP (control samples),then to label the cDNA probe by reverse transcript way.The gene chip (419 genes) was hybridized and scanned.Then fluorescent signal value of gene expressing was obtained,and differential expression genes were sifted.Results:There were differential expression 49 immunological genes in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) of the renal transplant recipients during the acute rejection phase,including up-regulated 25 and down-regulated 24.Conclusion:Peripheral blood lymphocyte was involved in various stages during the acute rejection,and immunosuppressants influenced on these stages in various degrees. [

Objective To explore the influence of renal allograft donor's and recipient’s SNP of recipient cytokine and cytokine receptor on the infection after renal transplantation and to provide some useful information for preventing and managing infection.Methods 129 cases of cadaveric renal allograft recipients were divided into infection group and no infection group. The distribution of 21 polymorphisms in cytokines and cytokine receptors gene were compared between two groups by oligonucleotide array. Previous positive gene polymorphisms were compared between infection group and no infection group. With the help of SPSS 11.5 software, association was assessed using Krusakal Wallis test where appropriate.Results The frequency of gene distribution was significantly different between the infection group and the no infection group as follows: the genotype IL-6R (-183G/A, GG), IL-10 (-824C/T, -597C/A), TNF-? (-308GG, G/A), and the allele IL-10R1 (1112G/A), IL-6R (-183G/A), IL-4R(1902A/G), TNF-? (-308G/A), TGF-?_1 (+869T/C) respectively.Conclusion The susceptibility of infection after renal transplantation may be predicted by the SNP of recipient cytokine and cytokine receptors such as these genotypes IL-6R(-183GG), IL-10(-824CT, -597CA), TNF-?(-308GG), and the allele IL-4R(1902A).

Cystatin Cystatin(CST)is a class of proteins that inhibit cysteine proteases and are widely distributed in human body fluid and secretion.The present study shows that the CST superfamily is closely related to the tumor,in which the cysteine protease inhibitor SN is the product expressed by the CST1 gene and is abnormal expression in various tumors.However,its occurrence and development of tumor as well as effects of invasion and metastasis on the specific mechanism is not yet clear.In this paper,we retrospectively analyze the related studies in recent years and review the progress of CST1 gene in tumor.

Objective To investigate the association of prognosis with clinical features,tumor imaging,and pathological grading and staging in small renal cell carcinoma(SRCC). Methods The clinical data of 76 cases of SRCC (no more than 3 cm in diameter) were analyzed retrospectively.According to the clinical symptoms,they were divided into two groups,symptomatic (hematuria and lumbago) group (n=17,accounting for 22.4%) and asymptomatic group (n=59,77.6%).All the 76 cases underwent CT scan,with the diagnosis rate of 94.7%;69 cases underwent B-ultrasound examination with the diagnosis rate of 84.1%. Results All the 76 cases underwent radical nephrectomy through oblique incision in the lumbus.The excised tumors were pathologically confirmed to be clear cell carcinoma.The patients were followed up for 32 to 87 months(mean,62.7 months).The 1-,3-,and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were 100% and 53.3%,33.3% and 100%,90.6% and 77.4%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the 3- and 5-year cancer-free survival rates (P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias by dilating isolated rat hearts. Methods Isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langerdorff method. After equilibration, 80 hearts were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (1) control group (n=20), (2) Ca2+ preconditioning (CPC) group (n=20), (3) streptomycin group (n=20), and (4) CPC + streptomycin group (n=20). A latex balloon which can be filled with fluid was anchored in the left ventricle through the left atrium and mitral valve. Epicardial ECG of the left ventricle, left ventricular pressure, coronary flow and heart rate were recorded before and during ventricular dilation by injecting fluid into the latex balloon. The rate and duration of ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias were recorded. Results Under the same increase in ventricular end-diastolic pressure made by inflation of the balloon, the rate of arrhythmias was 100% and duration of arrhythmias was 2.56±0.46 s in the control group. Both the rates of premature ventricular beat (90 %) and ventricular tachycardia 70 % ) were high. Compared with the control group, the total rate (60 % ) of arrhythmias was lower, and duration (1.67±0.61 s ) of arrhythmias was shorter in the CPC group. Both the rates of premature ventricular beat (60%) and ventricular tachycardia (40%) were low comparatively. The rate of arrhythmias (45 %) was lower and duration ( 1.64±0.42 s)of arrhythmias was shorter, and the rates of premature ventricular beat (30 % ) or ventricular tachycardia (35 %) were lower in the streptomycin group than in the control one. The least ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias occurred in the CPC + streptomycin group. The rate of arrhythmias (10%) was the lowest and duration (1.01±0.37s) of arrhythmias was the shortest; both the rates of premature ventricular beat (5%) and ventricular tachycardia (10%) were the lowest. Conclusions Ventricular dilation may induce arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Stretch-activated ion channel and the increase in [Ca2+]I are supposed to play important roles in the pathological mechanism.

Objective To investigate the expression of μ-opioid system in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Methods Thirty-two mice were equally divided into 4 groups, negative control group, pre-treatment group, naloxone group, and physiological saline group. Ovalbumin was used to sensitize mice in pretreatment group, naloxone group, and physiological saline group for 7 weeks, then, mice in naloxone group and physiological saline group were treated with intracutaneous naloxone or physiological saline solution for 1 week, respectively. Mice were killed in negative control group and pre-treatment group at the end of sensitization, and in naloxone group and physiological saline group after 1-week injection with naloxone or physiological saline, skin tissues were obtained from the back of killed mice and subjected to histological examination with HE staining and quantitative fluorescent PCR for the detection of mRNA expression of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and its ligand (β-endorphin) in epidermis. The atopic dermatitis severity index of lesions and histological changes were assessed before and after the treatment. Results In comparison with the negative control mice, the epidermal expression level of MOR was signifieantly decreased (t = 2.549, P ＜ 0.05 ) in pre-treatment group, but increased in naloxone group and showed no statistical difference from the negative control group (t = 0.671, P ＞ 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the epidermal β-endorphin mRNA expression between negative control group and pre-treatment group or naloxone group (both P ＞ 0.05 ). The improvement of lesions could be visualized after treatment with naloxone (t = 8.338, P ＜ 0.01 ), which was concordant with the histological changes in naloxone group. Conchusions As an antagonist of MOR, naloxone can restore the expression of epidermal MOR in mice model for atopic dermatitis, and shows a certain efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, which proves that μ-opioid system is somewhat associated with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).Methods Clinical manifestations,histology and immunophenotype of three cases diagnosed with gastrointestinal ALCL were analyzed with the review of related literatures.Results The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal ALCL were of no characteristical changes.The pathological features were pleomorphic in which some bizarre,horseshoed or kidney-shaped nuclei were seen.The characteristic of one of the three cases was shown as sarcomatoid.All cases expressed LCA,CD3,CD4,CDs,CD45Ro,CD30,two out of three cases expressed ALK protein,otherwise they were negative for B cell related antigens,CD15 and muscle,nerve,epithelium originated antigens.Conclusions ALCL of the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare as one of the lymphatic hematopoietic system tumors.No definite clinical characteristic is seen in the gastrointestinal ALCL with high grade malignancy.It is easily misdiagnosed as carcinomas or other sarcomas.It is necessary to use biopsy to make a pathological diagnosis.

%85, entered into the high sensitive group (30 cases), and the patients with negative PRA into control group. The fresh blood was collected, and PBMCs was collected by Ficoll method. Total RNA were extracted by one-step technique and purified. The total RNA in high sensitive group were labeled with Cy5-dUTP, and control group with Cy3-dUTP, then the cDNA probe was labeled by reverse transcript way. High throughout gene chip ((16 920)) was hybrided and scanned. Cy3/Cy5 image files were copied. Then fluorescent signal value of gene expressing was obtained, and differential expression genes were sifted. RESULTS: Among the differential expression 877 genes, there were up-regulated 88 genes and down- regulated 789 genes. The mechanism of high sensitive status in human immune system was analyzed by some function-known genes which coded NY-REN-55 antigen, CD100, defender against cell death 1, breast cancer resistance protein, transcriptional repressor, death domain containing protein, cyclophilin-33A, rapamycin-binding protein, heat shock protein 40, interferon-alpha receptor and STAT inhibitor-2. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of PBMCs in high sensitive status of human immune system in patients with uremia may be associated with recognition of auto-antigen,signal conduction, aggregation and differentiation of B lymphocyte, anti-apoptosis and resistance of immunosuppressant. [

Objective To explore the value of virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods VTI features of 77 histologically proven thyroid nodules in 74 patients were analyzed and the VTI features were divided into 6 grades.The higher grade represented higher tissue stiffness.Differences in VTI grade between benign and malignant lesions were analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were calculated.Results 77 pathologically proven thyroid nodules included 61 benign and 16 malignant lesions.VTI images classification included 0 in grade Ⅰ,1 ingrade Ⅱ,1 in grade Ⅲ,9 in grade Ⅳ,3 in grade Ⅴ and 2 in grade Ⅵ for malignant diseases ; and included 18 in grade Ⅰ,28 in grade Ⅱ,10 in grade Ⅲ,1 in grade Ⅳ,2 in grade Ⅴ and 2 in grade Ⅵ for benign diseases.The best diagnostic point of VTI-grade was grade Ⅳ.When VTI-grade Ⅳ or greater was used as the diagnostic criterium for malignancy,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 87.50％,91.80％ and 90.9(％ respectively.Conclusions VTI is useful in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective To summary the clinical data of pediatric renal transplantation from multiple renal transplant centers in China,and analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic outcomes of pediatric renal transplantation.Methods From March 1986 to May 2010,the clinical data of 138 children who underwent renal transplantation in eight centers of renal transplantation in China were retrospectively analyzed.Results The one-year patient and graft survival rate was 99.3％ and 95.7％respectively.Acute rejection episodes occurred in 38 cases (27.5％),15 cases suffered delayed graft function (DGF),and graft functions were returned to normal in all recipients within one month.Moreover,other complications included transplant renal artery stenosis in 8 cases (5.8％),ureteral necrosis in 2 cases (1.4％),urinary fistula in 5 cases (3.6％),hypertension in 57 cases (41.3 ％),hyperlipidemia in 38 cases (27.5％),hirsutism in 32 cases (23.2％),drug-induced liver damage in 26 cases (18.8％),urinary tract infection in 25 cases (18.1％ ),gingival hyperplasia in 22 cases (15.9％),pulmonary infection in 21 cases (15.2％),bone marrow suppression in 12 patients (8.7％),herpes simplex in 10 cases (7.2％),and diabetes in 8 cases (5.8％).The body weight was increased by 4 to 13 kg and the body height was increased by 2 to 7 cm during the first year posttransplantation. Conclusion The careful perioperative management, rational use of immunosuppressive agents,strengthening the follow-up management of children and social support,and improving compliance were the key points to obtain good outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation.