1 kHz at least; For the cerebral infarction cases with carotid atheromatous plaque, the frequence plots for f max , f mode and f mean were separated throughout the cardiac cycle, f max in systole

Crisis is an emergent event that threatens the national security, social regulation, civilian property and life, and needs urgent, decisive response in the condition of high instability. Crisis management should be prompt, active, honest, responsible and soluble, and should be carried out according to the model of preparation, reduction, response and recovery. SARS outbreak in China revealed constitutive defects in the immediate response for emergent public health event as well as crisis management. This paper provides some information for establishing the immediate response system for emergent public health event and crisis management.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of "screen and target population intervention policy" for stroke intervention in Nanhui county of Shanghai city.Methods A cross sectional survey on stroke was carried out in January 1999,and 696558 population in Nanhui county of Shanghai city were investigated in the study. Surveillance data on incidence and mortality rate of stoke from January 1996 to December 1998 in the county were retrospectively checked and reinvestigated.The CVHI of 35 years old and over in this population which have one and more of risk factors were measured,their CVHI total score

Objective:To strengthen the research on theory and method of early warning for emergent public health event,so as to obtain timely information,correctly analyze the situation,and apply effective measures when the event happens.Methods: The definition of vulnerability of emergent public health event and the vulnerability factors were discussed.The indicator system and the evaluating method for public health vulnerability were systematically studied.The extenics theory and the theory of vulnerability evaluation were used for warning exercise.Results: We constructed an extenics model for early warning of emergent public health event;the model was used to evaluate the public health of a population.Conclusion: The theory of vulnerability evaluation is introduced in emergent public health event to construct an extenics model for early warning of emergent public health event;the model can be used to evaluate the public health of certain population.

Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention on the oral hygiene of vagrant patients with mental problems.Methods Toally 80 vagrant patients with mental problems were saved and treated with oral health care intervention for a period of three months.The pre-intervention effects were prepared with the post-intervention ones in terms of tooth brushing,oral health and periodontal disease related symptoms intervention.Results Before intervention,the rate of tooth brushing was significantly higher and the rate of periodontal disease related symptoms significantly lower than that before intervention (P＜0.05).The scores on physical function limitation,pain and discomfort,psychological discomfort,weakened ability in independent living and the total score after intervention were all significantly lowered as compared to the pre-intervention.Conclusion Oral nursing intervention can improve oral hygiene and oral health of vagrant patients with mental diseases.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital-acquired infection. Because the bacteria are very easy to become resistant to antibiotics, vaccination is a main method against S. aureus infection. Clumping factor B (ClfB) is an adhesion molecule essential for S. aureus to colonize in the host mucosa and is regarded as an important target antigen. In this study, we successfully used Escherichia coli to express a segment encoding the N1-N3 regions of ClfB protein (Truncated-ClfB) cloned from S. aureus. The protein was purified by affinity and ion exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. Rabbits were immunized three times with purified Truncated-ClfB. After that, blood was collected to prepare serum which were then used for measurement of antibody level. Phagocytosis of S. aureus opsonized by the serum was determined by a flow cytometry. Results show that the serum IgG titer reached 1:640 000. Phagocytosed S. aureus by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly more when the bacteria were opsonized by the serum from Truncated-ClfB immunized rabbits than those from no immunized group (P < 0.01). Therefore, the results indicated that Truncated-ClfB could be a promising vaccine candidate against S. aureus infection.
Adhesins, Bacterial ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Escherichia coli ; Flow Cytometry ; Immune Sera ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Opsonin Proteins ; immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcal Infections ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: The understanding about characteristics and variation trends of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes in high-risk stroke population,in prior and post-stroke period patients as well as in normal people,particularly the cerebral vascular hemodynamic index(CVHD) prior to stroke can improve diagnosis efficiency of stroke and increase sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To study the features of CVHD in acute stoke,in order to provide evidences for early evaluation and rehabilitation intervention.DESIGN: Case analysis and observational study based on patients.SETTING: A neurological department in a general hospital of military area command of Chinese PLA and a prevention and cure institute of cerebrovascular diseases.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 55 (male 38,female 17) inpatients in the Neurological Department of Fuzhou General Hospital of Chinese PLA from June to December 2001 were enrolled in the study.METHODS: CVHD was measured during the first week after onset and the data were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CVHD,blood pressure and cerebral vascular hemodynamic parameters.RESULTS: The CVHD of each patient is below 75,median 32.5. The mean velocity,blood flow,maximum velocity,minimum velocity and difference between diastolic and critical pressures were lower than corresponding ones of healthy men in seventies( P ＜ 0.01 ). And the pulse wave velocity,peripheral resistance,specific impedance and critical pressure increased( P ＜ 0. 01).CONCLUSION: During the first week after stroke,the CVHD decreases and many hemodynamic parameters alters significantly. Examination of CVHD can reveal cerebral circulation insufficiency or predict an attack of cerebral stroke.

Objective To assess the incidence of thrombocytopenia and abnormal coagulation,door to needle time (DNT),and safety in patients with ischemic stroke who receive intravenous thrombolytic treatment prior to the availability of blood platelet (PLT) and coagulation results.Methods Consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack patients within 12 hours of symptom onset who were admitted from January 2009 to March 2013 were retrospectively recruited.First laboratory reports in their medical charts were collected to assess the incidence of thrombocytopenia and abnormal coagulation.In the mean time,consecutive AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis at Huashan Hospital during the same period were retrospectively recruited.The thrombolytic procedures were further optimized since June 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-7876.2014.07.00626,2012.With informed consent,intravenous thrombolysis was initiated without PLT and coagulation results after certain previous history and medications were ruled out.Thrombolytic patients were divided into two groups based on the initiation of thrombolysis before or after PLT and coagulation results.Baseline demographic data,symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates,mortality on the 7th day as well as functional outcome at 3 months were collected.DNT as well as efficacy and safety of thrombolysis therapy were compared between the two groups.Results Of 298 AIS patients within 12 hours of onset,8 had thrombocytopenia or abnormal coagulation.One hundred and twenty cases of intravenous thrombolysis patients were recruited.Waiting for PLT and coagulation results prolonged DNT than without waiting for them (90 min vs 59 min; U =870.000,P ＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH),early efficacy,7 d mortality and 3-month good outcome between two groups.Conclusions The incidence of thrombocytopenia and abnormal coagulation is low in AIS patients.Initiating intravenous thrombolysis prior to the availability of coagulation results can shorten DNT,while increased risks of sICH and 7 d mortality were not observed.

Objective To determine factors associated with favorable clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis.Methods Patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) between January 1,2008 and May 31,2013 were recruited.Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ＜ 2 at 3 months.The baseline characteristics were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Of all the 148 patients studied,within the 4.5-hour time window,the rate of patients with a favorable outcome was 52.4％ (65/124),significantly better than those beyond the time window(20.8％ (5/24),x2 =8.048,P =0.005).Univariate analysis showed that age (U =2 146.000,P =0.025),TOAST classification (x2 =11.412,P =0.010),Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification (x2 =17.409,P =0.001),baseline blood glucose (U =1 446.500,P ＜ 0.01),baseline fibrinogen (U =1 689.000,P =0.038),admission NIHSS score (U =1 140.000,P ＜ 0.01),24-hour NIHSS score (U =458.000,P ＜0.01),and early symptom improvement (24-hour NIHSS score decreased ≥ 4 points,or down to 0 point;x2 =19.576,P ＜ 0.01) were the factors associated with clinical outcomes.Multivariate analysis revealed that age (odds ratio (OR) =0.943,95％ confidence interval (CI) 0.892-0.996,P =0.024),baseline fibrinogen (OR =0.448,95％ CI 0.208-0.963,P =0.040),baseline NIHSS score (OR =0.749,95％ CI 0.663-0.845,P ＜ 0.01),and early symptom improvement (OR =14.970,95％ CI 4.460-50.249,P ＜ 0.01) were independent predictors of clinical outcomes.Conclusions The effect of intravenous thrombolysis on clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients is time-dependent.Age,baseline NIHSS score,baseline fibrinogen level,and early symptom improvement are independent predictors of clinical outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis.

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, only processed Aconitum tubers can be clinically applied, and the effect of processing is unclear. This research aimed to explore the effect of processing on cardiac efficacy of alkaloids in Aconitum tubers. First, the chemical ingredients in unprocessed and processed Aconitum tubers were identified and compared by using high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods. Then the representative alkaloids in Aconitum tubers, aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine, which belong to diester-diterpenoid alkaloids, monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids, and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids, respectively, were selected for further validation of attenuated mechanism. Subsequent pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats were used to validate the effect of processing on cardiac functions. After processing the Aconitum tubers, it was found that the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids were reduced, and those of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids were increased, suggesting that diesterditerpenoid alkaloids were transformed into monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. Through further decocting the aconitine in boiling water, it was confirmed that the three alkaloids could be progressively transformed. Pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats showed that aconitine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg and aconine at a dose of 10 mg/kg enhanced the cardiac function, while benzoylaconine at a dose of 2 mg/kg weakened the cardiac function. The effect of processing is attributed to the transformation of the most toxic diester-diterpenoid alkaloids into less toxic monoesterditerpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.