Objective To develop an online organ doses reporting software VirtualDose-IR, which can compute the radiation doses and provide an easy access to evaluation and control of patients ′radiation doses.Methods Monte Carlo method was applied to simulating various interventional radiology ( IR) processes , which included various parameters such as different patient models at different ages and with different weights , different projection angles and regions of interest , and other parameters .All of the dose data was acquired and then integrated into a database , and displayed with hyper text markup language (HTML), so only a web browser was necessary for users .Results A web-based software that reports organ doses for patients under IR progress was developed .The organ doses assessed with VirtualDose-IR were compared with other experiment and simulation data , and the results were basically consistent with each other .Conclusions VirtualDose-IR is a easy and efficient method to assess patients′radiation doses of IR.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective To compare the effects of health education on fat intake behavior and its psychology in students with different BMI,provide evidence for improving individual healthy education.Methods A experimental epidemiology was used,Twenty-nine secondary school classes were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from two cities in Zhejiang province.Overweight or obesity group included all students who were judged overweight or obesity,normal group included students who were judged normal and basic matched by age,grade,sex and stage of baseline.Intervention based on transtheoretical mode was conducted on two groups and intervention results were measured by the adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales (Chinese version).Chi-square tests,T-tests,non-parameters tests and binary logistic regression were performed for data analyses.Results Stage of students with overweight or obesity and with normal BMI all moved forward after intervention,while the proportion of stage advance for students with overweight or obesity was further than students with normal BMI.Change strategy(2.60±0.79),pros(3.58±0.90) and self-efficacy(3.01±0.72) of students with overweight or obesity better than students with normal BMI in baseline((2.34±0.86),(3.08±0.91),(2.79±0.81)) while difference was not significant after intervention.Logistic regression analysis discovered that the promotion of change strategy moved stage forward for students with normal BMI(OR=2.168,95％ CI:1.560-3.014)and promotion of self-efficiency moved stage forward for students with overweight or obesity (OR=1.801,95％ CI:1.026-3.159).Conclusion The intensity and duration of psychological intervention is essential to be reinforced for students with normal BMI,while for students with overweight and obesity,psychological intervention should be promoted in combination with social support.

Objective: To investigate the urban and rural differences in adverse outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidity (PTB-DM), so as to provide insights into improving the prevention and treatment measures for PTB-DM. Methods: Patients with PTB-DM who were admitted and discharged from 14 designated tuberculosis hospitals in Hangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were selected. Basic information, and history of diagnosis and treatment were collected through hospital information systems. The adverse outcomes of PTB were defined as endpoints, and the proportions of adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients with PTB-DM were analyzed. Factors affecting the adverse outcomes of PTB were identified using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: A total of 823 patients with PTB-DM were enrolled, including 354 (43.01%) urban and 469 (56.99%) rural patients. There were 112 (13.61%) patients with adverse outcomes of PTB. The proportions of adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients were 14.41% and 13.01%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified first diagnosed in county-level hospitals or above (HR=2.107, 95%CI: 1.181-3.758) and drug resistance (HR=3.303, 95%CI: 1.653-6.600) as the risk factors for adverse outcomes of PTB in urban patients with PTB-DM, while the treatment/observed management throughout the process (HR=0.470, 95%CI: 0.274-0.803) and fixed-dose combinations throughout the process (HR=0.331, 95%CI: 0.151-0.729) as the protective factors for adverse outcomes in rural patients with PTB-DM. Conclusions There are differences in influencing factors for adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients with PTB-DM. The adverse outcomes of PTB are associated with first diagnosed hospitals and drug resistance in urban patients, and are associated with the treatment/observed management and fixed-dose combinations throughout the process in rural patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods: Fifty-six SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-320 g, aged 1-2 months, were divided into 4 groups (n=14 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial I/R group (I/R group), NADPH group (N group) and diltiazem group (D group). The model of myocardial I/R injury was established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch for 30 min followed by 2-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.NADPH 16 mg/kg was intravenously infused over 5 min starting from 5 min of reperfusion in N group.Diltiazem 5 mg/kg was infused through the internal jugular vein starting from 10 min before ischemia until the end of ischemia.At 2 h of reperfusion, blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein for measurement of serum LDH and cTnI concentrations, and myocardial tissues were taken for determination of infarct size and ROS level. Results: Compared with Sham group, the serum LDH and cTnI concentrations, myocardial infarction size and ROS levels were significantly increased in I/R group (P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the serum LDH and cTnI concentrations, myocardial infarction size and ROS levels were significantly decreased in N and D groups (P<0.05). Compared with N group, the LDH concentration was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the cTnI concentration, myocardial infarction size or ROS level in D group (P>0.05). Conclusion NADPH can reduce myocardial I/R injury through antioxidant effect in rats.

Objective:To investigate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology assisted laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of segment 8 (Lap-S8).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 8 liver cancer patients including 7 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1 case with intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma who underwent 3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 in the Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. There were 7 males and 1 female, aged from 49.0 to 80.0 years, with a median age of 56.5 years. Of the 8 patients, 6 cases underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of the entire segment 8, 1 case underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of ventral subsegmental of the segment 8 and 1 case underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of dorsal subsegmental of the segment 8. 3D printing technology was used to assist preoperative evaluation and intraoperative navigation for all 8 patients. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination, internet or telephone interview to detect survival and tumor recurrence of patients after operation up to March 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations: all the 8 patients underwent 3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time, hepatic portal occlusion time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of the 8 patients were (216±41)minutes, (56±11)minutes and 75 mL(range, 50 to 300 mL), respectively. There was no intraoperative blood transfusion in 8 patients, and the surgical margin of the 8 patients was negative. (2) Postoperative situations: the duration of postoperative hospital stay of the 8 patients were (9±3)days. There was no complication such as postoperative hemorrhage, biliary fistula, liver abscess or abdominal infection occurred. (3) Follow-up: all the 8 patients were followed up for 3.0?24.0 months, with a median follow-up time of 12.5 months. During the follow-up, 1 of 8 patients with preoperative diagnosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma developed tumor recurrence at 5 months after operation. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery followed with the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and target therapy, and survived with tumor. There was no tumor recurrence in the other 7 patients.Conclusion:3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 is safe and feasible.

Objective Because of high precision and mild side effects,intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) has become a hot spot in the radiotherapy field.Nevertheless,the precision of IMPT is extremely sensitive to the range uncertainties.In this paper,a novel robust optimization method was proposed to reduce the effect of range uncertainty upon IMPT.Methods Firstly,the robust optimization model was established which contained three types of range including the increased range,the normal range and the shortened range.The objective function was expressed in quadratic function.The organ dose contribution matrix of each range was calculated by proton pencil beam algorithm.The range deviation was discretized and the probability of each range was obtained based on the Gauss distribution function.Finally,the conjugate gradient method was adopted to find the optimal solution to make the actual dose coverage of the target area and the organs at risk distributed within the expected dose as possible.Results The 3 sets of simulation tests provided by the AAPM TG-119 Report were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of this method:nasopharyngeal carcinoma,prostate and "C"-type cases.Compared with conventional IMPT optimization approach,this novel method was less sensitive to the range uncertainty.When the range deviation occurred,the dose coverage of the target area and organs at risk of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prostate cases almost reached the expected dose,and the high dose coverage of the target area and organs at risk protection were improved in the"C"-type cases.Conclusions To compensate for the range uncertainty,this novel method can enhance the dose coverage of the target area and reduce the dose coverage of the organs at risk.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury induced by antioxidative remodeling in aged rats.Methods Fifty-six SPF aged male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 22-24 months,weighing 420-480 g,were divided into 5 groups by a random number table method:sham operation group (S group,n=16),oxygen free radical scavenger tempol group (T group,n=16),myocardial I/R group (I/R group,n=8),tempol plus myocardial I/R group (TI group,n =8),and tempol plus isoflurane preconditioning plus myocardial I/R group (TII group,n=8).Tempol 125 mg · kg-1 · day-1 was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks in group T.Myocardial I/R was induced by ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2-h reperfusion to establish myocardial I/R injury model in group I/R.The model was established after antioxidant treatment in group TI.In group TII,1.5％ isoflurane was inhaled for 30 min followed by 15-min washout,and then the model was established.Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion,and the left ventricle was obtained for determination of the percentage of myocardial infarct size (by TTC staining),glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in S and T groups (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and expression of Cu/ZnSOD,MnSOD and nitrotyrosine in S and T groups (by Western blot).Results Compared with S and T groups,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was significantly increased in I/R,TI and TII groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R and TI groups,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased in group TII (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,no significant change was found in the expression of GSH or Cu/ZnSOD (P＞0.05),the expression of GSSG and nitrotyrosine was down-regulated,the GSH/GSSG ratio was increased,the activities of total SOD and MnSOD were increased,and the expression of MnSOD was up-regulated in group T (P＜0.05).Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury induced by antioxidative remodeling in aged rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Fifty-six SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-320 g,aged 1-2 months,were divided into 4 groups(n＝14 each)using a random number table method: sham operation group(Sham group),myocardial I/R group(I/R group),NADPH group(N group)and diltiazem group(D group).The model of myocardial I/R injury was established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch for 30 min followed by 2-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.NADPH 16 mg/kg was intravenously infused over 5 min starting from 5 min of reperfusion in N group.Diltiazem 5 mg/kg was infused through the internal jugular vein starting from 10 min before is-chemia until the end of ischemia.At 2 h of reperfusion,blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein for measurement of serum LDH and cTnI concentrations,and myocardial tissues were taken for deter-mination of infarct size and ROS level.Results Compared with Sham group,the serum LDH and cTnI concentrations,myocardial infarction size and ROS levels were significantly increased in I/R group(P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the serum LDH and cTnI concentrations,myocardial infarction size and ROS levels were significantly decreased in N and D groups(P＜0.05).Compared with N group,the LDH concentration was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the cTnI con-centration,myocardial infarction size or ROS level in D group(P>0.05).Conclusion NADPH can re-duce myocardial I/R injury through antioxidant effect in rats.

Objective: To study the lumber spine imaging process of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and parameters used to optimize the image quality. Methods: A computational voxel phantom was constructed from patient computed tomography (CT) data. Using the Monte Carlo radiation transport method, a dual energy x-ray beam was simulated to scan the phantom of lumbar spine to generate a bone density image. The Figure of Merit (FOM) of each image was claculated. Parameters including the combination of the high and low energy tube voltage, the thickness of Cu filter, and the ratio of two beam energy incident photon number were optimized, which based on FOM. Results: FOM reaches a minimum of 1.59 × 10^-2 with the tube voltage combination of 75 and 200 kVp. With the thickness of the Cu filter from 0 mm to 3 mm, FOM decreases from 6.30×10^-2 to 1.87×10^-2, showing a gradually slow-down trend. With the incident photon number ratio (low energy/high energy) increasing from 1∶3 to 19∶1, FOM decreases firstly and then increases, reaching a minimum of 1.40×10^-2 at 3∶1. Conclusions According to the simulation results, the combinations of low tube voltage from 70 kVp to 85 kVp and high tube voltage from 160 kVp to 200 kVp, 0.3 mm Cu filter and beam incident photon number ratio from 1 to 5 can yield the best lumbar spine image quality with the lowest patient dose.