Thymus, lymph node and intestine (two pieces each) were taken from 20 adult guinea pigs and 10 adult rats. One piece was frozen in liquid nitrogen (-70℃) and cryostat sections were stained with Janszen and Nugteren (1971) method to demonstrate prostaglandin synthetase activity, Another piece was fixed in methanol, and paraffin sections were stained with HE and toluidin blue to demonstrate mast cell. Teased preparation of mesentery were stained by the same methods to show enzyme activity. Indomethacin inhibiting test was used as control. It is proven that the brown deposit represented the prostaglandin synthetase activity. These deposit existed in cytoplasm of mast cell, while and was absent in nucleus and specific granules. Prostaglandin synthetase positive mast cells distributed widely in lamina propria, axis of villi and submucosal layer in intestine, capsule, septa and medulla in thymus; capsule, trabecullum and paracortical zone of lymph node.

Objective To investigate the applieation of restriction display (RD) technique in the preparation of HCV probes of clinical genotyping microarray. Methods Restriction enzyme Sau3A Ⅰwas chosen to digest the full-length HCV cDNAs of three distinct subtypes, i.e.1a, 1b and 2a. The resultant restrictive fragments were then ligated with universal adapters. PCR primers were designed to match the universal adapters but with one "nesting" base overhanging at the 3′- end. The PCR reactions were performed by ten pairs of different primer combinations. The differential genes were separated through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The second-round PCR was performed using the isolated bands as PCR templates. The purified PCR products were then cloned into T-vectors. The recombinant plasmids were extracted from positive recombinant clones and the target gene fragments were sequenced. Results The target HCV gene fragments ranging from 200 to 900bp were isolated and sequenced, which were correlated precisely with the RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) prediction. A total of 66 different fragments were obtained, averaging about 22 for each subtypes. These fragments could be further used as probes in HCV microarray preparations. Conclusion RD technique is of great value in obtaining a large number of equal sized gene probes, which provide a swift protocol in generating DNA probes for the preparation of microarrays.

Objective To treat urinary calculi with pneumatic lithotripsy under non-endoscopy.Methodes We applied the pneumatic lithotripsy machine,which made in China,to treat huge or staghom nephrolith and calculi of anterior urethra under non-endoscopy,taken out stone fragmentations after lithotripsy.There was 1 case of huge nephrolith,7cases of staghom nephrolith,3 cases of anterior urethral calculi.Results Every case of nephrolith was successfully performed by using lithotrisy and extracted stones only one case.1 case in total nephrolith cases was found residual stones and sick-side renal functions were improved than before in all casws followed up for 3 moths to 2 years.the cases of anterior urethral calculi urinated fluently and had no urethral stenoses followed up 1～2 years.Conclusion This kind of operation used pneumatic lithotripsy to treat urinary calculi under non-endoscopy is safe,slight injury and curative effect is reliable.

OBJECTIVE:To work out the optimal inventory levels in zero inventory management mode through model predic-tion and control strategy,by using the inventory upper & lower limits settings generally available in the information management system of health care institutions. METHODS:Multi-varieties joint ordering modelwas constructed by referring to operations management,time series analysis and quantitative approach to decision-making,that is,to make a prediction of upper&lower lim-its on medicine inventory based on historical data and applicable mathematical models(fixed order interval model and re-order mod-el,i.e. FOI and ROP),and compared with real results;based on above,specific medicine procurement and inventory control strat-egies would be developed and an evaluation of the application effects would be made. RESULTS:The error test and reproducibility test exhibited that the out-of-stock ratio remained under 3.36%,of which 71.24% could be effectively alarmed;under computer simulation and practical operation,the instant replenishment rate reduced by 9.33% and 13.03%,OOS ratio down by 11.11% and 27.45%,and average daily inventory turnover rate up by 30.19% and 15.85% respectively,all showing remarkable improvements compared to before the implementation of the mode. CONCLUSIONS:This model is of favorable accuracy and operability,there-fore it can lay foundation for rational and well-founded decisions in medicine procurement and inventory control in zero inventory management mode.

Lateral lymphatic drainage is one of the three important directions for low rectal cancer. Radical surgery of rectal cancer requires the dissection of lymph nodes along the drainage route which determines the extent of lymph node dissection. However, controversial arguments exist whether lateral lymph node belonging to the regional lymph node or the distant lymph node. This arguments has also brought the controversy about neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and lateral lymph node dissection, as well as the controversy about efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on lateral metastatic lymph nodes. Combined with the preliminary clinical practices, the authors comprehensively analyze research advances at home and abroad, further elaborate the lateral lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer, the risk factors affecting lateral lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence, and the evaluation of lateral lymph node by magnetic resonance imaging before and after chemoradiotherapy, et al, in order to investigate the selection and significance of lateral lymph node dissection in advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

AIM: To construct retroviral expression vector pLXmIL-12SN containing mouse IL-12 (mIL-12) gene and detect the gene expression in B16F10 cells. METHODS: Vector pGCp35-IRES-p40SN was digested to obtain p35-IRES-p40 (mIL-12 gene fragment) and retroviral vector pLXSN was digested by restriction enzyme, and then they were linked by ligase. The recombinant vector that mIL-12 gene fragment had correctly been inserted into pLXSN was identified by sequencing. The recombination vector with mIL-12 gene was transfected into B16F10 cell and was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Expression vector pLXmIL-12SN was successfully constructed. mIL-12 gene was confirmed to express in B16F10 cells at the level of mRNA. CONCLUSION: Acquired vector pLXmIL-12SN and confirmed mIL-12 gene expression lays a foundation for mIL-12 gene therapy to eye diseases.

Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic combined with colonoscopic surgery (double endoscope surgery) and open surgery in the treatment of special types of colorectal polyps. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with special types of colorectal polyps (wide base sessile, special parts or suspected cancerous, endoscopic resection difficult or high risk) were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 42 patients underwent double endoscope surgery (double endoscope group), and 20 patients underwent open surgery (open group). The operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay and complication rate were compared between 2 groups. Results All the patients had successful resection of the polyps, and there were no operative deaths. There was no conversion to open surgery in double endoscope group. Two patients in the open group were unable to locate the lesion by the tactile sensation of the hand and then succeeded in locating by intraoperative colonoscopy. The operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay and complication rate in double endoscope group were significantly lower than those in open group: (60.5 ± 25.4) min vs. (75.8 ± 20.6) min, (30.5 ± 15.8) ml vs. (55.2 ± 24.6) ml, (24.6 ± 10.5) h vs. (40.5 ± 16.8) h, (3.2 ± 1.0) d vs. (5.8 ± 2.2) d and 0 vs. 20% (4/20), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There was 1 case with early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction, 1 case with abdominal infection and 2 cases with incision infection in open group. There was no operative death in the two groups, and these patients were cured by conservative treatment. The follow-up time was 3-36 (18.6 ± 12.3) months, and all the patients survived. The patients in 2 groups had no recurrence and metastasis, no anastomotic stenosis, anastomotic leakage and other complications. Conclusions For the special types of colorectal polyps, double endoscope surgery is less invasive, with faster recovery and less complications. It is the first choice except for endoscopic resection.

Objective To investigate the familial incidence of multiple primary carcinoma in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patients (HNPCC) in Northeast China.Methods By family line investigation,multiple primary carcinoma (MPC) spectrum' s characteristics of 509 patients in 85 families registered in strict conformity with the HNPCC Amsterdam criteria Ⅱ were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 85 HNPCC families,multiple primary carcinoma developed in 55 patients in 25 families,among them 45 patients had metachronous carcinoma in 17 families,16 patients had synchronous carcinoma occurred in 12 families,6 patients with both synchronous carcinoma and metachronous carcinoma in 4 families.Conclusions Multiple primary carcinoma developed in significantly high incidence in Northeast China in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patients,the most common MPC are colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer.

Objective To establish multi-PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (mPCR-SSCP) for rapid detection of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance associated katG,inhA and rpoB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Methods The INH-and RFP-resistance of 134 isolates was determined by using drug susceptibility test.The primers were designed for detecting INH and RFP resistance-associated katG,inhA and rpoB gene in the isolates by mPCR-SSCP.PCR-DS technique was applied to detect the mutations in katG,inhA and rpoB genes.All the results from different assays were subsequently analyzed as well as compared.Results All of the 134 tested isolates had katG,inhA and rpoB genes.Of the 134 isolates,42 (31.3％) and 45 (33.6％) strains were INH-and RFP-resistant,respectively.The results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS showed that all the 92 INH-susceptible isolates had no mutation in katG and inhA genes with 100％ specificity.In the 89 RFP-susceptible isolates,2 and 1 had mutation in rpoB genes confirmed by mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS with 97.8％ or 98.9％ specificity,respectively.Among the 42 INH-resistance isolates,33 and 36 strains had the mutations in katG and/or inhA genes due to the results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS with 78.6％ or 85.7％ sensitivity,respectively.The results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS also demonstrated that in the 45 RFP-resistance isolates,41 and 43 strains had the mutations in rpoB gene with 91.1％ or 95.6％ sensitivity,respectively.Conclusion The mPCR-SSCP established in this study can be used to rapidly detect INH and RFP-resistance associated mutations in katG,inhA and rpoB genes of M.tuberculosis with convenience,specificity and sensitivity,which shows a good prospect for application in clinic.

Objective:To evaluate the precision of digital impressions taken under simulated clinical impression taking conditions with TRIOS and to compare with the precision of extraoral digitalizations . Methods:Six #14 -#17 epoxy resin dentitions with extracted #16 tooth preparations embedded were made.For each artificial dentition , ( 1 ) a silicone rubber impression was taken with individual tray , poured with type IV plaster ,and digitalized with 3Shape D700 model scanner for 10 times;(2) fastened to a dental simulator , 10 digital impressions for each were taken with 3Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner .To assess the precision , best-fit algorithm and 3 D comparison were conducted between repeated scan models pairwise by Geomagic Qualify 12.0, exported as averaged errors (AE) and color-coded diagrams.Non-parametric analysis was performed to compare the precisions of digital impressions and model images .The color-coded diagrams were used to show the deviations distributions .Results:The mean of AE for digital impressions was 7.058 281 μm, which was greater than that of 4.092 363 μm for the model images (P<0.05).However, the means and medians of AE for digital impressions were no more than 10 μm, which meant that the consistency between the digital impressions was good .The deviations distribution was uniform in the model images ,while nonuniform in the digital impressions with greater deviations lay mainly around the shoulders and interproximal surfaces .Conclusion:Digital impressions with TRIOS are of good precision and up to the clinical standard .Shoulders and interproximal surfaces scanning are more difficult.