A Review Angiogenesis plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer. Antigiogenesis becomes a new treament target for prastate cancer. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor in prastate cancer. [

Objective To evaluate popliteal artery local technique in superficial femoral artery antegrade subintimal recanalization.Methods From January 2009 to Dec 2011,550 limbs in 476 TASC (Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus) Ⅱ C/D cases underwent endo-therapy at our department.The success rate、operation time、symptom progress and follow up were analyzed retrospectively.Results In the 550 limbs,62 limbs received popliteal artery local technique directly.There was 9 technical failures.Procedures succeeded in 53 limbs(85.5％ ).The average operation time was (69 ±24) min,(1.8 ±0.6) stents were used and the main covered length was ( 33 ± 6) cm.Symptoms of 46 limbs was improved and unchanged in 6,amputation needed to be done in one limb.One year follow up accomplished for 39 limb.The 6 and 12 months patence rate was 87.1％ and 69.2％.For 488 limbs using traditional approach 378 achieved anti-grade recanalization,the average operation time was ( 89 ± 30) min,average (2.1 ± 0.6) stents were used and the main covered length is (31 ± 13) cm.Symptom in 300 limbs improved.The half and one year patence rate in 292 limbs was 92.1％ and 61.0％.Conclusions The popliteal artery local technique is as effective as with traditional approach and is time saving.

Objective:To investigate the value of anti-hexokinase1 antibodies (anti-HK-1) and anti-kelch-like 1 antibodies (anti-KLHL12) antibody in evaluating ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) response in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).Methods:112 PBC patients who had been treated with UDCA for more than 12 months with relatively complete clinical data were analyzed. Serum was collected and the expression of anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti-HK-1 and anti-KLHL12 antibodies were detected by ELISA. The response to UDCA was based on Paris standard. According to the expression of new antibodies, the patients were divided into the new antibody positive group and negative group. In addition, PBC related baseline indicators were collected, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between antibody expression and baseline indicators in PBC patients.Results:Positivity of anti-HK1 and anti-KLHL12 antibody in AMA-positive PBC patients were 44.7% and 41.2% respectively. Positivity of anti-HK1 and anti-KLHL12 antibodies in AMA negative PBC patients were 33.3% and 22.2%. Anti-HK1 positive patients had higher serum levels of Alaninetransaminase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) compared with anti-HK1 negative patients, with statistical significant differences ( P<0.05). Notably, correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlation between anti-HK1 antibody expression and ALP, γ-GT and TBIL serum levels ( r=0.735, P<0.05; r=0.332, P<0.05; r=0.491, ( r=0.466, P<0.05). The UDCA response rate in anti-HK-1 antibody positive group was lower than that of the negative group (36.2% vs 60%; P<0.05). Conclusion:Anti-HK-1 and anti-KLHL12 antibody can help to diagnose PBC, and the expression of anti-HK-1 antibody is correlated with the severity of PBC, which could help to predict the reaction of PBC patients to UDCA.

AIM: To investigate the possibility of 3T3 fibroblast growth on blood fibrin clot in culture medium with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF). METHOD: Growth of the cells on blood fibrin clot was studied by phase-contrast, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by Giemsa stain and MTT assay. RESULTS: The optimal concentration of rhbFGF for proliferation and survival of the cells was 100 ng/mL. The cells also grew on blood fibrin clot scaffold in the low-serum medium containing 100 ng/mL rhbFGF, and a greater number of the cells survived after 48 hours incubation compared to that after 24 hours. The elongated filopodia appeared to bridge the gaps among the fibroblasts after 24 hours incubation. Further incubation to 72 hours, a greater number of platycytes were found to be joined together by lamellopodia. CONCLUSION: 3T3 fibroblasts could grow and survive on blood fibrin clot in the low-serum medium containing rhbFGF, and a combination of blood fibrin clot and rhbFGF may have over proportional effects on wound healing.

Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of transvaginal hysterectomy for patients with non-prolapsed uterus,and explore the cause and preventive measurements of the complications of transvaginal hysterectomy.Methods The complications of transvaginal hysterectomy ( group TVH ) in 110 patients with non-prolapsed uterus and of transabdominal hysterectomy ( group TAH ) in 120 patients were compared with each other.These patients were chosen randomly from June 2006 to April 2010.Results In the TVH group,rectum hurt occurred in one patient,prolapse of fallopian tube in one patient and celiac internal bleeding in one patient.The preoperative diagnosis were not consistent with the postoperative diagnosis in four patients.Two patients encountered with postoperative residual end bleeding and four patients with vaginal residual end polyps.In the TAH group,three patients had postoperative diagnosis inconsistent with their preoperative diagnosis.In addition,there were four abdominal wall incision liquefaction ( including two phase suture in two patients),three postoperative bronchial lung infection and two residual end polyps.No celiac internal bleeding and visceral injury occurred in this group.Conclusion TVH has a higher risk of visceral injury and postoperative bleeding than TAH.These complications should be avoided when treating the patients with TVH technique.

Aim To investigate the effect of 15-ketoeicosatetraenoic acid(15-KETE)and its mechanism through ion channels on rat isolated pulmonary arterial rings by using organ bath technique.Methods Sixteen healthy Wistar rats weighing 220?20 g were divided into two groups(n=8): normoxia group breathing fresh air(FiO_2=21%) and hypoxia group breathing hypoxic air(FiO_2=10%) in a hypoxic box.Pulmonary arteries(PA)were extracted after 9 d and cut into rings(0.5~1.0 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length) for organ bath experiments.Results(1) With increasing concentration from 0 to10~(-6) mol?L~(-1),15-KETE increased PA rings tension gradually in a dosedependent fashion;(2) 4-aminopyridine(2 mmol?L~(-1)),a Kv channel blocker significantly decreased constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE,and results were similar in two groups;(3) The K_(ATP) channel blocker glyburide(10~(-6)6 mol?L~(-1)) and the BK_(Ca) channel blocker tetraethylammonium(10 mmol?L~(-1)) did not affect constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE;(4) The BKCa channel blocker nifedipine(10~(-6) mol?L~(-1)) and Ca~(2+)-free Krebs solution significantly decreased constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE.Conclusion Kv channels play a role in constriction of PA induced by 15-KETE;L-type Ca~(2+) channel blocker and extracellular calcium ion also influence constriction of isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE.

Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE on hypoxic and normoxic rabbit pulmonary arterial rings and to discuss their roles in the formation of PA hypertension.Methods Twelve neonatal rabbits were randomly divided into two groups(n=6):the normoxic group breathing fresh gas(FiO_2 =21%) and the hypoxic group breathing hypoxic gas(FiO_2=10%).After 9 days,they were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium,and the chest was opened for removal of the heart and lungs en bloc,then PA rings(0.5~1.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm length) were prepared.We used tension studies of PA rings to observe the effect of AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE on hypoxic and normoxic rabbit pulmonary arterial rings.Results ① AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE constricted normoxic rabbit PA rings in a dose-dependent manner,respectively.Constriction of normoxic rabbit PA rings induced by 15-KETE、8(S),15(S)-DiHETE was significant,but that of AA、15-HETE wasn′t significant.② AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE increased hypoxic rabbit PA rings' tension.Constriction of AA、15-HETE on rabbit PA rings in hypoxic group was significantly greater than that of normoxic group(P0.05).③ Constriction of 15-KETE on rabbit PA rings in normoxic group was significantly greater than that of hypoxia group(P

AIM: To investigate the possibility of 3T3 fibroblast growth on blood fibrin clot in culture medium with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF). METHOD: Growth of the cells on blood fibrin clot was studied by phase-contrast, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by Giemsa stain and MTT assay. RESULTS: The optimal concentration of rhbFGF for proliferation and survival of the cells was 100 ng/mL. The cells also grew on blood fibrin clot scaffold in the low-serum medium containing 100 ng/mL rhbFGF, and a greater number of the cells survived after 48 hours incubation compared to that after 24 hours. The elongated filopodia appeared to bridge the gaps among the fibroblasts after 24 hours incubation. Further incubation to 72 hours, a greater number of platycytes were found to be joined together by lamellopodia. CONCLUSION: 3T3 fibroblasts could grow and survive on blood fibrin clot in the low-serum medium containing rhbFGF, and a combination of blood fibrin clot and rhbFGF may have over proportional effects on wound healing.

Objective To compare the prognosis of sentinel node-positive breast cancer patients forgoing axillary lymph node dissection.Methods A systematic literature search (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library)ended in April 2014 was performed to identify all eligible articles.Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data.RevMan5 was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 1026 abstracts were retrieved and 18 clinical controlled studies finally included,the total number of patients were 47 894,7389 had micrometastases in sentinel lymph node,35 217 had macrometastases in sentinel lymph node and 5288 had positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases.For patients with MIC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate,5-year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.78;95％ CI:0.72-4.39,P=0.21),(OR =0.76,95％CI:0.56-1.04,P=0.08),(OR=0.77,95％CI:0.43-1.40,P=0.39).For patients with MAC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.21;95％ CI:O.76-1.91,P =0.42).For patients with positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.29;95％ CI:0.92-1.80,P =0.14),(OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.64-1.45,P =0.84).Conclusions Among patients with limited positive SLN of breast cancer,patients forgoing ALND compared with ALND did not have obvious affect on long-term survival.

BACKGROUND:Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is composed of volatile oil, resin and gum that have the anti-inflammatory, anti-alergic, antispasmodic and analgesic effects. But its analgesic mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect ofFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen on heat pain, mechanical pain, Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. METHODS: Eighty adult Sprague-Dawley rat models of chronic sciatic nerve injury were randomly divided into five groups and then intragasticaly administeredFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen at low, moderate and high doses (0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g/kg), celecoxib or physiological saline. Heat pain and mechanical pain were measured at 1 day before operation and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after operation. The spinal cord tissue at S4-5 segments was harvested and Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 and 5 days of medication, behavioral pain scores of rats in the low-, moderate-, and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen groups were significantly higher than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.01). The largest reduction in heat pain threshold was measured in the moderate-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). The most significant reduction in rat mechanical pain threshold was measured in the high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group than in the other groups (P < 0.01). At each time point post-operation, the number of Fos protein-positive cels in the low-, moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05); the number of Fos protein-positive cels in the moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M Shen groups was significantly higher than that in the celecoxib group (P< 0.05). At each time point post-operation, the number of astrocytes in the spinal cord tissue of rats in the high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P< 0.05). There was significant difference in the number of astrocytes between the moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M shen groups and celecoxib group (P< 0.05). These results confirm thatFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen may effectively aleviate the neuropathic pain of rats, and the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of Fos protein and astrocytes in the spinal cord.