AIM: To investigate the relation between the changes of the cerebral microvasculature and the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in ischemic focal and perifocal areas after 2 hours focal cerebral ischemia with reperfusion in rats. METHODS: The changes of cerebral microvascular structure were observed by optical microscope and electric microscope, the expression of PAI-1 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting in ischemic focus and perifocal areas after focal cerebral ischemia with reperfusion. RESULTS: The edema of extra-cellular matrix and the hemorrhage of extravessels in ischemic focus and perifocal areas were most severe, and degradation and the defect of basement membrane were also observed after 6 hours and 3 days reperfusion following focal cerebral ischemia. The expression of PAI-1 decreased significantly compared with control group (P

Objective To evaluate the anatomic changes and dosimetric variations of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during the course of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) by comparison of the dosimetric differences with or without replanning.Methods Twelve cases with NPC treated with SIB-IMRT underwent repeated CT scans after 20- 25 fractions of the initiation of therapy.The original treatment plan ( Plan1 ) based on the first CT scan ( CT1 ) and the second IMRT plan (Plan 2) based on the second CT scan (CT2) were calculated with an inverse planning system (Pinnacle3,Philips Medical System).In addition,the hybrid IMRT plan,Planl (CT2),was generated by deformable registration with MIMVISTA software,and the doses in Plan 1 ( CT1 ) and Plan 2 ( CT2 ) were accumulated based on CT2.The dosimetric differences were compared among the Plan 1 ( CT1 ),Plan 1 (CT2) and Plan 1 + 2(CT2).Results Compared with CT1,the mean volumes of the right and left parotid glands in the CT2 were significantly smaller by ( 24.6 ± 11.9 ) ％ and ( 35.1 ± 20.1 ) ％,respectively.Compared with Plan 1 ( CT1 ),the dose received by 95％ of the target ( D9s ) to PGTV,PTV1 and PTV2,and mean dose (D ) to PGTV,and PTV2 were all significantly lower in the Plan 1 (CT2),indicating that the doses to targets decreased without replanning.With repeated CT and replanning after 25 fractions as shown in Plan 1 + 2 (CT2),the doses to targets would be improved.The doses to normal tissue were increased without replanning,although no statistical significance was observed.In 5 of 12 cases,the doses to the spinal cord and brainstem exceeded the constraint without replanning,while the corresponding values decreased with replanning.Conclusions During the course of IMRT for cases with NPC,the volumes of the targets and parotid glands decrease significantly.Mid-treatment CT scanning and replanning should be recommended to ensure adequate doses to the targets and safe doses to the normal tissues.

genes related to pancreatic cancer was mainly associated with biological process,cellular location,molecular function,which suggested the development of pancreatic cancer was caused by multiple genes.

Objective To analyze the current status of cholesterol goal attainment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in dyslipidemia patients using data from the DYSIS-China study.Methods Based on criteria defined in the 2014 China Cholesterol Education Program (CCEP) and the 2007 Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults,25 317 dyslipidemia patients enrolled in the DYSIS-China study (from March 2012 to October 2012) were stratified to the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) primary prevention and secondary prevention groups.The total cholesterol (TC) target goals were ＜3.11,4.14,5.18,and 6.22 mmol/L,respectively,and the lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) therapeutic goals were less than 1.8,2.6,3.4,and 4.1 mmol/L,respectively,for the very high-risk,high-risk,moderate-risk,and low-risk patients in the primary prevention group.The TC targets for the very high-risk and high-risk patients were ＜ 3.11 and ＜ 4.14 mmol/L,respectively,and the LDL-C targets were ＜ 1.8 and ＜ 2.6 mmol/L,respectively,in the secondary prevention group.The TC and LDL-C goal attainment rates were calculated for the different risk groups according to the targets values.Results Totally,71.09％ (n =18 000) of the dyslipidemia patients were grouped into very high and high risk groups,51.76％ (n =13 104) and 48.24％ (n =12 213)patients were stratified to primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD.The LDL-C and TC goal attainment rates for the secondary prevention group were 33.09％ (4 041 cases) and 21.05％ (2 571 cases),respectively.The LDL-C and TC goal attainment rates for the primary prevention group were 52.40％ (6 866 cases) and 42.06％ (5 511 cases),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (OR =5.75,4.15,P ＜ 0.05),coronary heart disease (OR =5.70,3.58,P ＜ 0.001),and peripheral arterial disease(OR =2.42,1.49,P ＜ 0.05) were risk factors for failure to achieve TC and LDLC goals,respectively.Conclusions Despite the widespread application of the 2014 CCEP and 2007 Chinese dyslipidemia guidelines,LDL-C goal attainment among secondary and primary prevention patients remains suboptimal in China.More rigorous guideline adherence is therefore required to increase the LDL-C and TC goal attainment rates and improve the long-term cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese dyslipidemia patients.