With more and more international medical students studying medicine in China,international medical education becomes an important part of Chinese medical education.By integration of basic and clinical pharmacology,the teaching mode of theory,experiment,problem based learning and seminar was applied to the international medical students according to their characteristics and specificity.75％,80％ and 70％ of the total international medical students respectively passed the two consecutive final exams and one pharmacology group exam.Through the teaching of pharmacology for international medical students major in MBBS,this author aims to explore the teaching mode of pharmacology for the international medical students.

Objective To explore the value of MRI T2*quantification of visceral iron deposition in patients with β-thalassemia major. Methods A total of one hundred and two patients with β-thalassemia major were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent genetic testing and the cardiac and (or) abdominal MRI scanning. Among them, 47 patients underwent splenectomy operation, 95 patients underwent cardiac MRI scanning, 102 underwent abdominal MRI scanning for their livers, pancreases and kidneys, and 55 underwent splenic MRI scanning. The T2* values of the hearts, livers, pancreases and kidneys were measured, meanwhile the liver iron concentrations (LIC) were measured. The levels of serum ferritin (SF) patients were measured in 81 patients. The Spearman rank correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between SF, LIC, age and each organs T2* values. Independent sample t test (normal distribution) or the Mann- Whitney U test (non-normal distribution) were used to compare the hepatic, cardiac, renal and splenic T2* values differences between patients with splenectomy and those without. Results Serum ferritin were highly positively correlated with LIC, moderately correlatied with age, moderately negatively correlated with hepatic and pancreatic T2* values, with r values of 0.833, 0.537,-0.623 and -0.403, respectively (P<0.05). There was significantly negative correlation between hepatic T2*value and LIC (r=-0.925, P<0.01). There were moderately correlations between hepatic and splenic T2*values (r=0.634, P<0.01), hepatic and pancreatic T2*values (r=0.530, P<0.01). However, those T2*values of other organs had no correlation (P>0.05). The hepatic and pancreatic T2*values were reduced (P<0.05), the renal T2* value was increased (P<0.05) in the patients with splenectomy. The cardiac T2* value was not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusions The patients with β-thalassemia major have prone to suffer from excessive iron deposition in the heart and abdominal organs. The technology of MRI quantification of T2*values could reflect the body iron overload.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of deproteinized calf blood extractive injection combined with hyperbaric oxygen in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods 74 patients with severe traumatic brain injury from January 2013 to March 2015 in Wenzhou hospital of Chinese traditional medicine were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 37 cases in each group.The control group received hyperbaric oxygen on the basis of conventional therapy, the observation group received deproteinized calf blood extractive injection on the basis of control group.The Glasgow coma scale ( GCS) , Barthel, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and prognosis were compared between two groups.Results The GCS score and Barthel index scores post-treatment in observation group were (13.67 ±1.73),(65.73 ±4.02) points, which were higher than (9.66 ±1.24), (50.69 ± 3.76) points in control group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 post-treatment in observation group were (4.55 ±0.76)mg/L,(1.21 ±0.05)μg/L,(0.21 ±0.01)μg/L, which were better than those of control group (6.43 ±1.01)mg/L,(1.36 ±0.06)μg/L,(0.28 ±0.02)μg/L (P<0.05).The rate of favorable prognosis in observation group was 48.65%, which was higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The deproteinized calf blood extractive injection combined with hyperbaric oxygen has the exact efficacy, which was better than hyperbaric oxygen alone in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To investigate the immune mechanism of Shengxian decoction in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG) rats. Methods:Lewis rats were immunized with the rat sequence 97-116 of the AChRαsubunit(Rα97-116) in CFA, 25 of which were successful. They were randomly divided into 5 groups:EAMG model group,prednisone group(5. 4 mg/kg),Shengxian decoction low, medium, high dose groups ( dosage 2. 6 g/kg, 5. 2 g/kg, 10. 4 g/kg ) . Clinical symptoms, weight, and the decrement percentage of RNS(5 Hz) were evaluated,and ELISA were adopted to determine the titers of AChR Ab,TGF-β,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-17 in serum. Results:After molding,the percentage of decrement of RNS in each group noticeably increased by more than 10% in comparison with that in the CFA control group ( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05 ) . At the same time, they were also subjected to progressive decreasing weight and typical myasthenia symptoms,showing the successful molding. With medication,the decrement percentage of RNS of rats in the groups with low,medium and high dose of Shengxian decoction were all on obvious decline with alleviated weight decrease (P<0. 01),testifying to the symptom improvement. Compared with the CFA control group,the groups with low,medium and high dose of Shengxian decoction were coupled with decreasing AChR Ab content(P<0. 05),rising TGF-βlevel and reducing IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-17 level(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Conclusion: Shengxian decoction can turn the decrement percentage of RNS around,improve the progressive weight decrease in EAMG rats and increase the weight gains. By up-regulating the TGF-βlevel,lowering IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-17 level,preventing B cells from producing AChR Ab and reducing the content of AChR Ab in serum,it will soothe the damage of NMJ to AChR and cure EAMG.

Due to the cloud-like appearance of the dental surface of dental fluorosis, serious tooth defect may occur, thus affecting the overall beauty of the face. The clinical effect of dental fluorosis is not better than that of normal teeth in the application of repair, which brings some difficulties to the clinicians. The application of porcelain veneers in the restoration of dental fluorosis has been widely concerned by clinicians and researchers due to its advantages of high aesthetics, small amount of tooth tissue abrasion, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, this article comprehensively discusses the application effect and influencing factors of porcelain veneers in the restoration of dental fluorosis, in order to provide some reference for clinical application.

The contents, application progress, application effect and optimization strategy of group pregnancy health care model were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the establishment of standardized intervention and health management practice strategies of rural women′s pregnancy care in line with China′s national conditions.

Objective ToinvestigatetheenhancedCTfindingsandpathologicalfeaturesoflocalized malignantperitonealmesothelioma (LMPM)andimprovetheaccuracyofdiagnosis.Methods Theimagingandclinicaldataof5casesofLMPMconfirmedbypathology werecollected,thefeaturesofCTenhancedimagingwereanalyzedretrospectivelyandcomparedwiththepathologicalresults.Results Allofthe5caseswereisolatedsolidandcysticmasswithirregularshape,andtherangeofmaximumdiameterofthelesionbeing 8.4-13.3cm,inwhich1casewaspolycystic,andtheother4casesweresolidandcysticmass.CTvalueofthecysticpartwasabout 13.0-27.8 HU,andnoenhancementshowedoncontrast-enhancedphase.Thethicknessofcysticwallandseparationwasuneven, whiletheCTvalueofsolidpartwasabout32.6-40.8HU,andmoderateenhancementwasseeninarterialphase(△CTvaluewasabout30.9-38.4HU ),followedbyslightlyincreaseofenhancementdegreeinvenousphase,andthedecreaseofenhancementdegreeinequilibriumphase. Separationandalotofvesselshadowwereseenin3caseswhileperitonealcavity,pelviceffusionandintraperitonealimplantmetastasiswereseen in1case.Forthepathologicaltypesofpatientsinthisgroup,1casewasepithelialtype,mainlycomposedofcysticcomponent,andthe other4caseswerefibroustypeorbiphasictype,mainlycomposedofcysticandsolid,withsmallcysticdegeneration,necrosis,fibrousseptum, bloodsupplyvessels,andetc.Somelesionsinvadedthesurroundingstructure.Conclusion Thepathologicaltypesoflocalizedmalignantperitoneal mesotheliomaaremostlyfibroustypeandbiphasictypewhichCTfindingsaremostlymanifestedascysticandsolidmasses.Lobulatedand wallnodules,uneventhicknessofcysticwallandseptumcanbeseen,andthedensityofcysticpartialisrelativelyhigher.Solidpartis moderateenhancement,andinvenousphaseismoreobviouswithenhancedvascularseenintheseptum.CTenhancementcombined withclinicalmanifestationsarehelpfultomakeinsuggestivediagnosis.

Objective To explore the significance of ADC value combined with MRI signs on identifying benign and malignant breast lump lesions with the type of TICⅡ.Methods 187 patients with breast lump lesions of TICⅡ,which were confirmed by surgical pathology,proceeded MRI.The ADC value,early-phase enhancement rate,length of lesions,lobulated appearance and spiculation, inverted nipple,thickening of the skin and the length of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were analyzed and recorded.T-tests was used to analyzed the measurement data,χ2test was used to analysis the attribute data.The ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of ADC value and MRI signs.Results The ADC value was (1.418±0.299)×10-3mm2/s and(0.860±0.142)× 10-3mm2/s (P<0.01)for breast benign and malignant lesions respectively,while the early-phase enhancement rate were (170.387± 74.580)% and (160.778±39.786)%(P=0.258)respectively.When ADC values were used for differential diagnosis of breast benign and malignant lesions with a threshold of 1.017×10-3mm2/s,the area under the sensitivity and specificity were 89.0% and 98.0% The sensitivity and specificity of lobulated appearance,spiculation,inverted nipple and thickening of the skin were 92.6% and 33.3%, 88.2% and 88.2%,20.5% and 94.1%,35.3% and 88.2%,respectively.When the 1.0 cm was used as the threshold of the length of ipsilateral axillary lymph,its sensitivity and specificity were 47.8% and 80.4%.The ROC curve of early-phase enhancement rate showed no diagnostic capability(P>0.05).Conclusion ADC value combined with MRI features are helpful to improve the sensitivity and specificity in breast lesions with the type of TICⅡ.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy. Methods Twelve pigs were divided into the experimental group (7 pigs) and the control group (5 pigs), used the random number table method. The experimental group was fed with high?fat high?sugar diet,and then repeatedly injected small doses(50 mg/kg) of Streptozotocin (STZ) through the ear vein. Meanwhile,the control group was fed with normal diet and injected with the same dose of citric acid?sodium citrate buffer solution.After the type 2 diabetes was established successfully, T1WI, T2WI and DKI sequence imaging were performed every month for 2 pigs from the experimental group and the control group,respectively.Mean kurtosis(MK), axial kurtosis (K∥), radial kurtosis (K⊥), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity(MD) were measured on the pseudo?color map of the post?processing workstation. fasting blood glucose(GLU),insulin (INS),renal function, urine routines and random albumin creatinine ratio(RACR) were measured before MRI scan. Specimens from bilateral kidneys were taken for pathological examination after MRI scan. The paired t test was used to compare the parameter values of the cortex and medulla. Independent sample t test was used tocompare the parameter values of the experimental group and the control group. Results In the experimental group,the MK, FA values of medulla were 0.66±0.07 and 0.19± 0.04, the MK, FA values of cortex were 0.60±0.06 and 0.16±0.03.In the control group,the MK, FA values of medulla were 0.59±0.03 and 0.20±0.04, the MK, FA values of cortex were 0.53±0.03 and 0.17±0.04.The MK and FA values of medulla were increased compared with the cortex and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.01). The MK, K⊥ values of cortex and medulla were increased in the experimental group compared with the control group and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in the K∥, FA and MD values between two groups (both cortex and medulla, P>0.05). Conclusion DKI sequencehas certain value in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, and to some extent reveals the pathological change in early diabetic nephropathy.

APOBEC-1 Deaminase ; genetics ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Codon, Terminator ; Gene Editing ; methods ; Humans ; Zygote ; beta-Globins ; genetics