Aim To test the skin healing and repairing efficacy and the mechanism of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L bud extract by using the animal models. Methods KM mice were randomly divided into three groups:the model group, the positive control group, and the n-bu-tyl alcohol extract ( HrBN) group. Using the boils and carbuncles model, the healing condition of all the animals were observed. KM mice were kept in the SPF condition room and divided into five groups: the model group, the positive control group, and the low, middle, high dose groups. Using the full-thickness loss model, the repairing results of all the mice were ob-served. Through the antimicrobial test, the results of MIC and inhibition zone were obtained. The carbon clearance test was used to collect the blood at the time 5min and 15min, and get the liver and spleen, and the results of K andαwere obtained. Results In vivo ex-periments showed there was significant difference be-tween groups;the HrBN extract had the outstanding ef-ficacy in healing and repairing skin boils and full-thickness loss models. It had higher recovery rate than other ethanol extract, such as ethyl acetate extract and chloroform extract. In vitro experiments showed that the HrBN extract, ethyl acetate extract ( HrBE) ,AB-8 macroporous resin 30% alcohol part and 60% alcohol part had obvious antimicrobial efficacy. The carbon clearance test showed HrBN had a good effect in im-proving immune function, and it can increase the K and α. Conclusion HrBN in animal models exerts good skin healing and repairing efficacy, which might be related to its antibacterial activity and immunologic enhancement function.

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin(IL)-34 on the polarization and migration ability of macrophages derived from human peripheral blood monocytes.Methods The CD14+monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood monocytes by immunomagnetic bead sorting,and the purity of CD14+monocytes was detected by flow cytometry.The CD14+monocytes were divided into M1 type group,IL-34-M1 type group,M2 type group and IL-34-M2 type group.The cells in the M1 type group and IL-34-M1 type group were added granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)to induce for 5 days,and half of the fluid was changed,and then the interferon-γ,lipopolysaccharides,IL-6 and GM-CSF were added for another 4-day induction;the cells in the M2 type group and IL-34-M2 type group were added macrophage colony stimulating factor(M-CSF)to induce for 5 days,and half of the fluid was changed,and M-CSF,IL-4,IL-6,and IL-13 were added for another 4-day induction.The cells in IL-34-M1 group and IL-34-M2 group were co-induced with IL-34 at the beginning of induction and on the 5th day of induction.On the 9th day of induction,the proportion of CD14+CD86+cells(M1 type macrophages)and CD14+CD163+cells(M2 type macrophages)in each group was detected by flow cytometry,and the migration ability of cells in the M2 type group and IL-34-M2 type group was detected by the Transwell chamber experiments.Results High purity CD14+monocytes were obtained through magnetic bead sorting,with a CD14 positive rate of(96.77± 2.72)％,which could be used for macrophage induction.The proportion of CD14+CD86+cells in the M1 type group and IL-34-M1 type group was(43.20±7.59)％and(27.87±2.06)％,respectively.The proportion of CD14+CD163+cells in the M2 type group and IL-34-M2 type group was(47.70±4.49)％and(58.95±3.65)％,respectively;the proportion of CD14+CD86+cells in the IL-34-M1 type group was significantly lower than that in the M1 type group(P＜0.05),while the proportion of CD14+CD163+cells in the IL-34-M2 type group was significantly higher than that in the M2 type group(P＜0.05).The number of migrating cells of macrophages in the M2 type group and IL-34-M2 type group was 97.8±9.0 and 205.6±21.9,respectively;the number of migrating cells of macrophages in the IL-34-M2 type group was significantly higher than that in the M2 type group(P＜0.05).Conclusion IL-34 can inhibit the polarization of macrophages derived from human monocytes cells towards M1 type,promote the polarization of macrophages towards M2 type,and enhance the migration ability of M2 type macrophages.

Objective:To analyze the value of peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI) on the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.Methods:A total of 232 patients with primary osteosarcoma from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 142 males and 90 females. The average age was 17.9±8.2 years (range, 3-39 years). There were 22 positive and 210 negative cases of PVI, 94 deaths and 138 survivals. Univariate survival analysis (Log-rank test and univariate Cox regression) was used to evaluate the effects of age, gender, PVI status, tumor location, surgical method, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and chemotherapy regimen on the prognosis of osteosarcoma. The indicators with statistically significant differences were included in the multivariate Cox regression model to finally determine the risk factors affecting the prognosis of osteosarcoma. The relationship between PVI status and 5-year survival and the incidence of recurrence or metastasis was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:All patients were followed up for 7.6±4.5 years (range, 0.1-15 years). The differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy (χ 2=9.52, P=0.002), choice of chemotherapy regimen (χ 2=8.87, P=0.012), choice of surgical modality (χ 2=13.50, P<0.001), tumor metastasis rate (χ 2=8.51, P=0.004) and mortality rate (χ 2=5.39, P= 0.020) of PVI positive group and PVI negative group had statistically significant differences. Univariate survival analysis was performed on 232 patients with osteosarcoma (gender, age, PVI status, site of tumor development, surgical modality, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and chemotherapy regimen). Indicators with statistically significant differences were included in a multifactorial Cox regression model. The results showed PVI positive [5-year survival rate: HR=2.02, 95% CI (1.61, 2.79), P=0.010; 5-year recurrence or metastasis rate: HR=2.25, 95% CI (1.55, 3.14), P<0.001], surgical procedure as amputation [5-year survival rate: HR=1.22, 95% CI (0.94, 1.78), P=0.037; 5-year recurrence or metastasis rate: HR=1.58, 95% CI (1.11, 2.23), P=0.026] and poor sensitivity to chemotherapy [5-year survival rate: HR=2.71, 95% CI (1.84, 3.98), P=0.001; 5-year recurrence or metastasis rate: HR=2.52, 95% CI (1.88, 3.45), P<0.001] was associated with poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the 5-year survival rate of PVI positive group was 34%, which was lower than 68% of PVI negative group. The 5-year recurrence or metastasis rate was 72% in the PVI negative group, which was significantly higher than 38% in the PVI negative group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The 5-year survival rate of PVI positive group was lower than that of PVI negative group, and the 5-year recurrence or metastasis rate was higher than that of PVI negative group. The presence of microvascular angiosarcoma plugs infiltrating the peritumoral tissue in surgical specimens of osteosarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a useful indicator to assess the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a key effector molecule in anti-tumor immune response, has been well documented to correlate with the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. Of interest, however, a high level of IFN-γ has been reported in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), which is actually a type of immunologically cold cancer with few infiltrated immune cells. Investigating the functional significance of IFN-γ in SACC would help to explain such a paradoxical phenomenon. In the present study, we revealed that, compared to oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (a type of immunologically hot cancer), SACC cells were less sensitive to the growth-inhibition effect of IFN-γ. Moreover, the migration and invasion abilities of SACC cells were obviously enhanced upon IFN-γ treatment. In addition, our results revealed that exposure to IFN-γ significantly up-regulated the level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on SACC cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which subsequently induced the apoptosis of CD8⁺ T cells through antagonizing PD-1. Importantly, it was also found that SACC patients with higher levels of plasma IFN-γ also had higher levels of circulating sEVs that carried PD-L1 on their surface. Our study unveils a mechanism that IFN-γ induces immunosuppression in SACC via sEV PD-L1, which would account for the scarce immune cell infiltration and insensitivity to immunotherapy.
B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology* ; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism* ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology*