Objective To develop the ego depletion aftereffects scale (EDA-S) and test its validity and reliability.Methods Based on literature analysis and the open questionnaire survey this study compiled the preliminary questionnaire.A sample of 801 subjects coming from a university in Beijing was investigated with preliminary questionnaire and 406 students were retested for test-retest reliability with 2 week interval.Results The EDA-S was composed of 38 items in nine factors,which were emotional regulation difficulty,social withdrawal,low efficacy,working memory impairment,low processing fluency,work burnout,fatigue,somatic distress and low adherence.The eleven factors explained 72.09％ of the variances.Furthermore,the result of CFA indicated that the model fitted the data with well construct validity(x2 =1744.62,df=629,x2/df =2.77,RMSEA =0.06,NFI =0.98,NNFI =0.98,CFI =0.98,IFI =0.98,GFI =0.85,SRMR =0.05) and its factors scores were positively correlated with the SFR-S scores(r=0.31-0.59,P＜0.001).The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.95 for the total questionnaire and 0.73-0.91 for the eleven factors.The test-retest reliabilities were 0.60 for the total questionnaire and 0.26-0.57 for the nine factors.Conclusion It suggests that the EDA-S is reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure the depletion degree of adolescents.

ObjectiveTo discuss the diagnosis and treatment of rupture of spleen in a base-level hospital with limited conditions. MethodsThe clinical data, diagnosis of bleeding by ultrasound, and results of (nonoperative) and operative treatment of 317 patients with rupture of spleen in Vila Central Hospital of the (Republic) of Vanuatu were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsUltrasound diagnosed 30 patients with (subcapsular) hemorrhage and 287 patients with true rupture of spleen. Based on ultrasound results, (conservative) treatment was used for 29 patients and 288 patients underwent operation. Conclusions(Ultrasonography) had a high positive diagnostic rate for rupture of spleen, and the diagnosis of bleeding volume was consistent with the findings at operation. The findings on ultrasonography can be considered in selection of cases with appropriate indications for splenectomy. Ultrasonography is an effective method for use in the (treatment) of rupture of spleen.

Objective:To validate the Chinese Version of Depletion Sensitivity Scale (DSS) and test its validity and reliability.Methods:A sample of 499 postgraduates coming from a university in Beijing was investigated with preliminary questionnaire,249 of them were assessed for exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and 250 of them were assessed for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and testing of validity and reliability.The criterion validity was tested with the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S),Dual-Mode of Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S) and Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check-list (ASLEC).Totally 280 students were retested for test-retest reliability with 2 week interval.Results:DSS was composed of 8 items in two factors,which were cognitive factor and behavioral factor.The two factors explained 60.7％ of the variances.The confirmatory factor analysis identified a two factor model (x2/df=4.18,RMSEA =0.09,NFI =0.95,NNFI =0.94,CFI =0.96,IFI =0.96,GFI =0.96,SRMR =0.05).The scores of depletion sensitivity were positively correlated with the scores of cognitive fatigue,behavioral fatigue,emotional fatigue poor control,punished,loss,relationship pressure and adaption problem (r =0.13-0.55,Ps ＜0.001).The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.80 for the total questionnaire and 0.79 and 0.73 for the two factors.The test-retest reliability were 0.52 for the total questionnaire and 0.46 and 0.58 for the two factors.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of Depletion Sensitivity Scale (DSS) is reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure the depletion sensitivity of Chinese graduate students.

In the process of the introduction of classical problem based learning,the combination of PBL teaching method and current teaching method was found to be abstract and difficult to operate. PBL gradual teaching was brought forward through qestionnaires and analysis. Improved PBL teaching is more suitable for clinical teaching of hepatobiliary surgery in China and helping the interns to get good learning habits. Thus ,it is an effective PBL teahcing method of hepatobiliary surgery.

Objective To study the effect of parenting styles on the children' s self-control,and distinguish the influence between father and mother.Methods The present study selected 1 531 children (766 girls) between 3-10 years old.Data on parenting style were collected by parenting style questionnaire,while data on children' s self-control were measured by dual-system of self-control scale.Principal component analysis was conducted to examine common method bias.Results (1) No common method bias was found in this study.(2) Boys scored (31.66±5.95) on control system lower than girls (32.91±5.49),t=4.071,P＜ 0.01,but they had higher scores (43.19±8.32) on impulsive system than girls (41.96±8.32),t=2.226,P=0.027.(3)The associations of children's self-control scores with parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significant (r=-0.054～-0.174,P＜0.05),while it correlated positively with parents' democratic style (r=0.231,r=0.243,P＜0.05).The correlation between children's impulsive system scores and parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significantly positive (r=0.116-0.195,P＜0.05),while its associations with parents' democratic style were significant (r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P＜0.05).(4) As controlling children's age and sex,father democracy (β=0.120),inconsistency (β=-0.159),and mother democracy (β=0.188) were significantly correlated with children' s self-control (R 2adj =0.107,P＜0.05).Father despotism (β=0.070),inconsistency (β=0.136),mother's democracy (β=-0.063),despotism (β=0.099) and inconsistency (β=0.061) significantly predicted children's impulsive system (R 2adj =0.082,P＜0.05).Conclusion Each dimension of self-control and parenting style is high correlation.Father and mother's different rearing traits and the combination of different rearing traits contributed variously to children' s self-control system.

Objective To study the current situation of migrant children' s social adaptation and ex?plore its influencing factors. Methods The study population was 1547 children aged 10?16 years recruited from Shijiazhuang city. Social adaptation was collected through social adaptation questionnaire,whereas self?control was measured by children' s self?control investigating questionnaire. The data were statistically ana?lyzed with the ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis. Results ①There was no significant difference on social adaptation scores between migrant children and urban children (3.71±0.65,3.70±0.69, P>0.05). ②Among migrant children,girls scored significantly higher than boys(3.80±0.59,3.63±0.69, P<0.01). And as the grade of the migrant children increased,the social adaptation scores decreased (3.82±0.68,3.72±0.64, 3.58±0.60, P<0.01). ③The poor control system had a significantly negative prediction on migrant children' s social adaptation ( β=-0.299, P<0.01),whereas the good self?control system had a significantly positive prediction on migrant children' s social adaptation ( β=0.243, P<0.01) . Both parent?child relationship and peer relationship significantly positively predicted migrant children ' s social adaptation ( β=0. 179, β=0.092, P<0.01) . There was no significant correlation between the proportion of the migrant children in the classes and migrant children's social adaptation (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference on social adaptation between migrant children and urban children. Children' s self?control,parent?child rela?tionship and peer relationship have significant influence on social adaptation of migrant children .

Objective To develop a scale of the executive functional status for adolescents.Methods Regarding to the structure and the conception of executive function and the results of interviews to several adolescents,a preliminary inventory including 37 items was developed.The investigation sample consisted of 1722 students from 2 provinces in China by stratified sampling,and the the internal consistency,conduct validity and criterion validity were assessed by exploratory factor analysis.Results The revised scale including 21 items was consisted of three factors:inhibition control,cognitive flexibility,working memory,which explained 45.39％ of the total variance.The factor loading ranged from 0.499 to 0.727.The Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.786-0.897 for the scale and its three factors.Factor structure fitted actual data and its fit indices were x2=530.44,df=186,RESMA =0.053,GFI =0.93,AGFI =0.91,NFI =0.96,CFI =0.97.Conclusion It shows that the reliability and validity of the scale meet the standard of the psychometrics,and it can be suitable for evaluating the functional status of execution of Chinese adolescent.

Objective To learn how the process of self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) mediates the effect of leadership styles on job satisfaction of young workers.Methods 723 young workers recruited from a business enterprise were required to response to questionnaire survey, including leader behavior description, self-regulatory fatigue and job satisfaction questionnaire.Results All young workers' job satisfaction was 3.78±0.69,31 years old and above were higher than 30 years old and under(t=-3.246, P＜0.01) ,and there was no significant difference in gender and education.Job satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with leadership style (r initiating structure =0.210, r ideration =0.272), and was significantly negatively correlated with self-regulatory fatigue (r=-0.333).Two dimensions of leadership styles,initiating structure (β=0.227, t=2.659, P＜0.01) and consideration (β=0.270, t=5.035, P＜0.01), had the predicted effects of job satisfaction (R 2 =0.098).Consideration dimension of leadership style had more influence on job satisfaction at the high level of self-regulatory fatigue (β=0.266, t=4.929, P＜0.01);the effect of initiating structure dimention on job satisfaction was influenced by gender (t=-5.154, P＜0.01);self-regulatory fatigue was mediator between leadership styles and job satisfaction, and the consideration dimension of leadership style had more mediation effect on job satisfaction than that of initiating structure dimention of leadership style (mediationconsideration=0.317,mediationinitiating structure=0.268).Conclusion Two dimensions of leadership style can affect job satisfaction, and are mediated by self-regulatory fatigue.The intervention of self-regulatory fatigue can help to improve the job satisfaction of young workers.

Objective:To develop a set of algorithms that could predict the precise size of acetabular cup preoperatively by the deep learning neural network technology.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients with femoral head necrosis from April 2019 to April 2020, including 15 males and 15 females. At the age of (54.8±10.5) years (range 33-72 years). Thirteen hips on the left and seventeen hips on the right, who underwent primary unilateral THA. Based on the manually segmented hip joint CT database, a deep learning convolutional neural network was trained to realize automatic segmentation. A customized algorithm was created to fit the surface of the acetabulum. By the application of another deep learning convolutional neural network, the identification of anatomical points of the pelvis and correction of the pelvic position were realized. So that the placement of the acetabulum cup could be done. DOC (dice overlap coefficients) as well as the average error parameter were adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the above steps. The novel algorithm and Orthoview software were retrospectively used to template the acetabular cup separately. The results of both groups were compared with the actual size and the coincidence rate was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the novel algorithm. To verify this algorithm, the conformance rate was calculated respectively.Results:Compared with other classical segmentation networks, the G-NET network can segment the pelvic with femoral head necrosis more accurately (DOC 92.51%± 6.70%). It also has better robustness. The average error of the point recognition network is 0.87 pixels. Among the 30 patients, the AI-based algorithm group had a complete coincidence rate of 96.7% and the Orthoview group had a complete coincidence rate of 73.3%. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.405, P=0.011). Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-based algorithm can segment the CT image series and identify the feature points of the patient's hip accurately. Compared with the conventional 2D preoperative planning method, the AI-based algorithm is relatively more accurate. This artificial intelligence-based 3D preoperative software has promising prospect to makeaccurate surgical plan efficiently.

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.