OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore further the mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell recurrence, metastasis, and diffusion, as well as to establish the experimental basis for the molecular biology research on TSSC. We intend to complete our objective through differential proteomics and preliminary analysis protein expression of exosomes derived from TSCC and normal mucosa cells.

METHODSWe acquired cultured supernatant fluid in vitro in the laboratory by culturing TSCC (tongue cancer Tca8113 cell line) and human normal mucosa cells (HOK cell line). The exosomes were separated and purified through differential centrifugation. Furthermore, the different protein expressions were identified through dielectrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The functions of the different protein expressions were identified through an online database search.

RESULTSTSCC and human normal mucosa cells secrete a large amount of capsule bubble structure substances in vitro, as confirmed by electron microscopy and surface markers heat shock protein-70 and major histocompatibility complex class 1. A total of 16 oral cancer cell-derived exosomes that expressed quantity more than two times, twelve that increased their expression levels, and four that cut their expressions were identified through the differential proteomics research on the two groups.

CONCLUSIONDifferential proteins that were verified through the online database serve an important function in exosome formation and in the progress of cancer.

RNF180 is a novel membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in cell development,proliferation and apoptosis.It is a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and may inhibit gastric cancer cell lymph node metastasis.The study found that RNF180 gene methylation and gastric cancer is closely related to the occurrence and development.Therefore,RNF180 gene methylation is expected as a tumor marker of gastric cancer for early diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.In this paper,RNF180 on the diagnosis of gastric cancer research progress made a review.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine during the period from 2005 to 2015.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to Kirby-Bauer method.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.Results A total of 55 155 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from 2005 to 2015.The top 5 most frequently isolated bacterial species were E.coli (15.0％),P.aeruginosa (14.0％),A.baumannii (11.9％),K.pneumoniae (11.8％) and S.aureus (10.2％).Gram positive cocci and gram negative organisms accounted for 35.8％ and 64.2％,respectively.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 70.2％ (3 967/5 650) and 83.2％ (4 997/6 004).No staphylococcal strain was resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.Fifteen strains of Enterococcus were found resistant to vancomycin.The average prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 70.4％ (5 843/8 300) in E.coli,53.5％ (3 500/6 539) in Klebsiella spp.and 44.1％ (557/1 263) in P mirabilis.A few carbapenemaseproducing K.pneumoniae strains were identified for the first time in 2012 with the prevalence of 0.6％ (4/656),and the prevalence hit high (30.1％,142/472) in 2015.The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing E.coli was 2.0％ (16/787) in 2015,and almost zero in the other years.The prevalence of extensively drug-resistant A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa was 39.1％ (2 566/6 556) and 4.0％ (308/7 704),respectively.Extensively drug-resistant strain was identified in 9 of the strains of 189 E.aerogenes isolates.Conclusions Bacterial resistance is still on the rise,which poses a major challenge to clinical antimicrobial therapy,especially the multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant bacteria.

Objective·To analyze high-risk factors of infection of multidrug resistance Klebsiellapneumonia (MDR-Kpn) and difference of therapeutic effects for different treatments.Methods·One hundred and ten MDR-Kpn strains were collected from a hospital.K-B slip diffusion method was utilized to detect the drug susceptibility of all the strains.Based on electronic medical records system,MDR-Kpn infected group included 51 patients and control group was picked out,including 51 patients as well (byl:1 ratio basing on the infected group according to the rules of under the same department,similar basic disease and all the patients in the control group isolated with the strain of Kpn).Thirty-nine clinical information of MDR-Kpn infected and control groups are collected to make single-factor analysis of high risk factors of the infection with MDR-Kpn.Multi-factor analysis was utilized between MDR-Kpn infected and control groups.The lasting time of different antibiotics used in MDR-Kpn infected patients were made statistics between effective and inefficacy patients.Results·Drug susceptibility test showed that sulfonamide,phosphonomycin and amikacin,were the three most sensitive antibiotics for 110 MDR-Kpn strains.12 clinical information,such as blood transfusion、sputum suction、invasive ventilation were all high-risk factors for the infection of MDR-Kpn (P＜0.05).The lasting time during with carbapenems (P=0.025) was statistically different between effective (n=28)and non-effective group (n=23) of MDR-Kpn infection patients.Conclusion·Controlling and eliminating high-risk factors do help to protect and decrease the infection of MDR-Kpn.Using carbapenems correctly has great influence on prognosis.

Objective To explore the effect of chemotherapy on serum IL-6 expression in cancer patients with T2DM. Methods Eighty patients were divided into the malignant tumor group with T 2DM (n=40) and the malignant tumor group without T2DM (n=40).All the patients were given two cycles of chemotherapy .2 ml of fasting venous blood in the morn-ing before and after the day of chemotherapy was collected .Then the serum was separated .Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure the level changes of serum IL-6.20 cases of healthy people were selected for compari-son.Results The expression of serum IL-6 in groups with or without T2DM was significantly higher than in the normal control group before the first cycle of chemotherapy (P<0.05).The expression of serum IL-6 was decreased in the different-cancer group with T2DM after the first cycle of chemotherapy .But the level was increased after the second cycle of chemo-therapy (P<0.05).The expression of serum IL-6 showed a continuous decrease after the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy in the group without T2DM(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The expression level of serum IL-6 declines after the first cycle chemotherapy in the malignant tumor groups with T2DM or without T2DM but rises in the malignant tumor group with T2DM after the second cycle chemotherapy .

We have observed the seropositive rate of Taenia solium cysticercosis in residents at Nabo Village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The village had been found to be a relatively high endemic area of porcine cysticercosis among roaming pigs. Of 202 persons examined four males aged 15, 25, 35 and 41 year-old exhibited absorbance (abs) at 0.18, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. In addition, two females whose ages were 35 and 39 years revealed specific antibody levels of abs 0.26 and 0.41 in their sera. Overall positive rate among the people was 2.97%. All of these persons agreed that they had ingested the pork infected with T. solium metacestode (TsM), while history of proglottid discharge was not noticed from all of them. Three males and one female complained of intermittent headache. Our findings reinforced not only that the prevalence of cysticercosis might be related with roaming pigs infected with TsM but also that behavioral and environmental practices in local community constituted risk factors for transmission of the infection.
Taenia solium/*isolation & purification ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Swine ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Rural Population ; Neurocysticercosis/*epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Middle Aged ; Meat/parasitology ; Male ; Immunoblotting ; Humans ; Female ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; China/epidemiology ; Child ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Animals ; Adult ; Adolescent

In order to study genetic variation diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in Shanxi,the genomic sequences of nine PCV2 strains including SXQX,SXCZ,SXTY2,SXJC,SXJX,SXLL,SXPY,SXPG and SXXY recently isolated from some areas of Shanxi from 2013 to 2016,was cloned,sequenced and received by GenBank.The amplified PCV2 genomic sequences,ORF2 sequences and Cap protein amino acid of these nine strains were analysed and compared with those of published 28 PCV2 strains by DNAStar,drawing phylogenetic tree.The results showed that the genomic sequences of SXJX,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 strains were 1 768 bp,and the others were 1 767 bp,which accounted for 33％ and 67％,respectively.The homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains were 94.7％-99.8％,the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 93.9％-99.9％,and the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 95.1％-99.8％.The phylogenetic analysed that SXJX,SXJC and SXXY belonged to genotype PCV-2D,SXLL,SXPY and SXCZ belonged to genotype PCV-1C,and SXTY14,SXPG and SXQX belonged to genotype PCV-1A/1B.Thus it proved that the epidemic strain of PCV2 was mainly PCV-2b in Shanxi.The homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains were 90.0％-100.0％ and 87.1 ％-100.0％ respectively,the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 87.6％-100.0％ and 84.1％-100.0％ respectively,and the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 91.0％-100.0％ and 89.3％-100.0％ respectively.The Cap amino acids of SXQX,SXJX,SXTY14,SXPG,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 were 233,ORF2 of SXQX,SXTY14 and SXPG located at 1 033-1 734 bp,ORF2 of SXXY,SXJX and SXJC located at 1 033-1 734 bp,and the Cap amino acids of SXCZ,SXLL and SXPY PCV2 were 234,ORF2 of them located at 1 030-1 734 bp,in addition,the positions of 1 030-1 734 bp were more three bases TCA than other ORF2 genome sequence of 1 767 bp,resulting in increasing a K (Lys) of amino acid sequencein at the 234 position.Also Cap protein of 9 PCV2 strains showed more amino acid variation in addition to the only high-ly conserved glycosylation sites (NYS) (pp.143-145 amino acid).It provided theoretical basis for the PCV2 immune prevention of research in Shanxi,and the data of basic theory of molecular pathogenesis of PCV2.

Objective To observe the effects of endoscopic drug therap on hemostasis, re-bleeding and the risk of occurrence of complication in patients with acute esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding (EGVB). Methods A retrospective method was conducted, and 100 patients with EGVB who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled. According to the difference in treatment methods, they were divided into an endoscopy Sclerotherapy and Ligation group and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) group, 50 cases in each group. The TIPS group was treated with TIPS; the endoscopy Sclerotherapy and Ligation group underwent endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation and postoperative non-selective β blockers oral administration. After 2 years of follow-up, the patients' hemostasis, re-bleeding at acute stage, survival situation and the incidences of complications were recorded. Before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment, the levels of serum albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TBil) and platelet count (PLT) were measured by Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer in the two groups. Results The success rate of hemostasis in the endoscopy Sclerotherapy and Ligation group was significantly higher than that in the TIPS group [98.0% (49/50) vs. 82.0% (41/50) ], and the recurrence rate of varices, during 1- and 2-year follow-up, the recurrence rate of bleeding and the incidences of complications were significantly lower than those in TIPS group [the recurrence rate of varicose veins: 6.0% (3/50) vs. 24.0 (12/50), 1-year re-bleeding rate: 12.0% (6/50) vs. 30.0% (15/50), 2-year re-bleeding rate: 42.0% (21/50) vs. 66.0% (33/50), esophageal ulcer: 2.0% (1/50) vs. 14.0% (7/50), upper abdominal discomfort: 2.0% (1/50) vs. 14.0% (7/50), hepatic encephalopathy:4.0% (2/50) vs. 16.0% (8/50), chest pain: 6.0% (3/50) vs. 20.0% (10/50), all P < 0.05]. After treatment, the levels of Alb and PLT in the endoscopy Sclerotherapy and Ligation group were higher than those in the TIPS group [Alb (g/L):43.84±4.34 vs. 40.83±3.21, PLT (×109/L): 26.33±3.37 vs. 21.12±3.89, both P < 0.05], and the TBil was lower than that in the TIPS group (μmol/L: 13.82±4.32 vs. 19.33±4.59). Conclusion Endoscopic Sclerotherapy and Ligation can significantly improve the effect of hemostasis of patients with acute EGVB, the rate of re-bleeding does not increase compared with that of western medicine group using TIPS, and the incidences of complications are significantly lower than those of applying TIPS.

The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was determined by surveying inhabitants of Hengxuan, Fusui, and Shanglin villages which were known to be endemic for liver flukes in Guangxi, China in May 2010. A total of 718 people were examined for helminth eggs by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique, ultrasonography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and DNA sequencing. The overall egg positive rate was found to be 59.6% (28.0-70.6%) that included mixed infections with liver and intestinal flukes. Cases showing higher than 20,000 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were detected between 1.3% and 16.2%. Ultrasonographic findings exhibited overall 28.2% (72 of 255 cases) dilatation rate of the intrahepatic bile duct. Clonorchis sinensis infection was detected serologically in 88.3% (38 of 43 cases) among C. sinensis egg positive subjects by the immunoaffinity chromatography using a specific antigen for C. sinensis. For differential diagnosis of the liver and intestinal flukes, more precise PCR and nucleotide sequencing for copro-DNA were performed for 46 egg positive cases. Mixed infections with C. sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in 8 of 46 egg positive cases, whereas 29 specimens were positive for Haplorchis taichui. Ultrasonographic findings and immunoaffinity chromatography results showed usefulness, even in a limited way, in figuring out of the liver fluke endemicity.
Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Clonorchiasis/*epidemiology/parasitology/ultrasonography ; Clonorchis sinensis/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Coinfection ; DNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Heterophyidae/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Intestines/*parasitology ; Liver/*parasitology ; Parasite Egg Count ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Trematode Infections/*epidemiology/parasitology/ultrasonography

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae in freshwater fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 307 freshwater fish of 31 species were collected from 5 administrative regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They were examined by artificial digestion method from July 2003 to August 2004. No metacercariae were detected in fish from Fusui-xian. In fish from Mashan-xian and a market in Nanning, 3 species of metacercariae, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, and Centrocestus formosanus, were mainly detected. Metacercariae (8 in number) of Clonorchis sinensis were found in 1 Chanodichthys dabryi purchased from a market in Nanning. In fish from Yangshuo, Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae were detected from all 18 fish species examined. Total 13 C. sinensis metacercariae were found in 3 out of 10 Hemibarbus maculatus from Yangshuo. All 7 Zacco platypus from Yangshuo were infected with 8-112 Echinochasmus perfoliatus metacercariae. In fish from Binyang-xian, H. pumilo metacercariae were mainly detected in all 5 fish species examined, and only 1 metacercaria of C. sinensis was found in a Hemiculter leucisculus. From the above results, it was confirmed that some species of freshwater fish play a role of second intermediate hosts for FBT in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. In particular, 4 species of intestinal flukes, M. yokogawai, H. taichui, H. pumilio, and C. formosanus, were prevalent in fish hosts, whereas C. sinensis metacercariae were detected only in 3 fish species.
Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Fresh Water/*parasitology ; Trematoda/cytology/*isolation & purification ; Trematode Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary