Objectives To assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and feasibility of autologous transplantation of mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) of the lower extremity. Methods A total of 152 patients with PAOD of the lower extremity were enrolled into this non-controlled observational study from November 2003 to March 2006. All patients received subcutaneous injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 450600 μg/day) for 5 days in order to mobilize stem/progenitor cells; their PBMNCs were collected and transplanted by multiple intramuscular injections into ischemic limbs. Patients were followed up for at least 12 weeks. Results At 12 weeks, primarymanifestations,including lower limb pain and coldness, were significantly improved in 137 (90.1%) of the patients; limb ulcers improved or healed in 46 (86.8%) of the 53 patients, while 25 of the 48 (47.9%) patients with limb gangrene remained steady or improved. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) improved in 33 (22%) of the cases, and TcPO2 increased in 45 (30%) of the cases. Angiography before treatment, and at 12 weeks after treatment, was performed in 10 of the patients and showed formation of new collateral vessels. No severe adverse effects or complications specifically related to cell transplantation were observed. Conclusion Autologous transplantation of G-CSF-mobilized PBMNCs might be a safe and effective treatment for lower limb ischemic disorder.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2006; 3:178-80.)

Objective To explore the influence of cucurbitacin E (CuE) on autophagy in human bladder cancer cell line T24 and further study its impacts on cell proliferation. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation inhibition capacity of CuE on T24 and western blot to check the impacts of CuE treatment on the expression of classic autophagy markers LC3A/B and p62. LC3 turnover assay and GFP-RFP-LC3 fluorescent assay were performed to determine autophagy flux. Western-blot was used to check the autophagy inhibition ability of 3-MA on CuE treatment and MTT assay and cell counting assay were used to check the influence of CuE-induced autophagy on cell proliferation with/without autophagy inhibition. Results CuE inhibited the proliferation of T24 and the IC50 in 24 h was about 0.75 μmol/L. CuE treatment increased the expression of LC3A/B Ⅱ and LC3A/B Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio (P < 0.05) , but decreased the expression of p62 (P < 0.05) , indicating the induction of autophagy. Autophagy flux was induced because of positive LC3 turnover assay and the increase of yellow and red dots in GFP-RFP-LC3 fluorescent assay (P < 0.05). CuE-induced autophagy was inhibited by 3-MA (P < 0.05). With autophagy inhibition, CuE's proliferation suppression ability on T24 was attenuated (P <0.05). Conclusion CuE induces autophagy in bladder cancer cell line T24 and the induced autophagy positively contributes to the inhibitation of cell proliferation.

Discordance, such as overlap, repetition and inconsistent, of standards is one of the major problems in current standardization affair in China. Therefore, improving the unity and authority of standards through reduction of overlap, repetition and inconsistency has become the main goal of deepening standardization reform in China. This paper summarizes the discordance in public health standards in China, analyzes the major reasons and provides specific strategic suggestions through case analysis of public health standards in the ways of comparisons of same kind standards of other deparments and standards in administration documents and guidelines or technical specifications of academic associations or societies.