In order to study life science,the cell culture device is the foundation contributing to the research.With the development of technology in the area,cell culture devices have been significantly improved,and different kinds of devices were designed and novel devices also have been invented.This article provides an overview of the history and present situation of the cell culture devices.The future trend is prospected.

Objective To explore the effect of orthopedic sub-discipline rotation mode in the postgraduate orthopaedic education. Meth-ods Randomly selected orthopaedic postgraduate students from grade 2011 and grade 2012 (30 students each grade). Students from grade 2011 went through the traditional teaching mode,and students from grade 2012 adopted 2 months of rotation in each sub-discipline. The clini-cal examination results and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were analyzed. Results The clinical examination results and teaching sat-isfaction of students from the two grades showed statistically differences (P<0. 05). Conclusion Orthopaedic sub-discipline rotation teach-ing mode improved the postgraduates in different ways such as orthopaedic theoretical knowledge, clinical skills, case analysis and so on. Meanwhile,the new teaching mode can get students more satisfied.

Objective:To carry out the large sample research of the importance of medical ethics in the stand-ardized resident doctor training. Methods:Randomly selected 100 graduated resident doctors from Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province,Shanghai and Jiangxi province of standardization training. Using the questionnaire survey form to investigate the doctor-patient relationship and carry out correlation analysis. Results:Two groups of subjects after research statistics, the analysis found the doctor-patient relationship in the model show the current mutual partici-pation pattern of the more advanced undergraduate group was 22%, 16% in the graduate student degree group has significant difference;While 66% of bachelor's degree group and 70% graduated degrees performance as the guide-cooperation mode. Conclusion:It should strengthen medical ethics in the stage of standardized training, this study further strengthen standardized training for the future stage of low qualification resident ethics application guide the importance and the influence on the doctor-patient relationship in the future physician has provided the basis, at the same time, also provides certain theoretical guidance for doctor-patient relationship training methodology.

ObjectiveToinvestigatetheriskfactorsofepilepticseizuresanditseffectonclinical outcome in patients w ith cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Methods The patients w ith CVST w ere enrol ed retrospectively. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, and imaging data w ere col ected. The data of an epileptic seizure group and a non-epileptic seizure group w ere compared. Results A total of 69 patients with CVST were enroled, including 32 (46.38%) secondary epileptic seizures. In the aspect of clinical manifestations, more patients show ed hemiplegia in the epileptic seizure group (37.50%vs.15.63%; χ2 =5.240, P=0.020). Imaging examination show ed that more patients in the epileptic seizure group presented w ith bleeding ( 29.41%vs. 10.81%; χ2 = 3.818, P= 0.047 ), more lesion involving frontal lobe (31.25%vs.10.81%; χ2 =5.008, P=0.023), and temporal lobe (43.75%vs.8.11%; χ2 =7.318, P=0.005), and the thrombosis sites w ere more common in the superior sagittal sinuses (65.63%vs.40.54%;χ2 =4.264, P=0.036). Multivariate logistic regression analysis show ed that focal neurological deficits (odds ratio 5.167, 95% confidence interval 1.993-15.764; P=0.004) and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (odds ratio 0.126, 95% confidence interval 0.042-0.370; P=0.039) w ere the independent risk factors for patients w ith secondary epileptic seizures. There w ere no significant differences in hospital mortality (6.25%vs.2.7%; χ2 =0.512, P=0.469 ) and 90 day 90-day ful recovery rate ( defined as Barthel Index >60) (81.25%vs.86.47%; χ2 =0.346, P=0.793) betw een the epileptic seizure group and the non-epileptic seizure group. Conclusions Focal neurologic deficits and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis are the independent risk factors for secondary epileptic seizures, how ever, secondary epileptic seizures is not associ-ated w ith in-hospital mortality risk and 90-day clinical outcomes in patients w ith CVST.

Objective To analyze the factors associated with syphilis treatment compliance and adverse pregnant outcomes among pregnant women with syphilis in Shanghai.Methods The prospective cohort was established based on maternal syphilis monitoring system of Shanghai,which included all the pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis during Jan 2013 to Dec 2015.A total of 1 717 pregnant women with syphilis were recruited at the baseline,and 1 147 of them were followed up during treatment and their pregnancy,and the delivery outcomes were recorded.The information of testing/treatment of pregnant women with syphilis and health outcomes of infants were collected.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with syphilis treatment and adverse pregnant outcomes.Results A total of 685 participants received syphilis treatment during pregnancy,with the treatment rate of 59.7％.Among them,397 (34.6％) patients underwent two courses of complete treatment.The poor educated,unemployed/job-waiting or multipara population had poor compliance to treatment.Only 34.9％ (142/407) of cases diagnosed at last trimester received syphilis treatment and 10.1％ (41/407) completed the treatment.The proportion of non-treponemal conversion were higher in subjects who received syphilis treatment during pregnancy than those who did not (39.1％ [268/285] vs 3.7％ [17/462]).Complete syphilis treatment during pregnancy was protective factor to decrease neonatal death adjusted relative risk ([aRR] =0.05,95％ CI:0.01-0.37,P =0.003) and prematurity/low birth weight (aRR =0.44,95％ CI:0.27-0.70,P =0.001).Strong positive non-treponemal result before delivery increased the risks of neonatal death (aRR =12.89,95％ CI:1.70-100.43,P =0.014) and prematurity/low birth weight (aRR =12.78,95％ CI:152-5.06,P =0.001).Conclusions Factors such as educational level,employment status,and maternal history will affect the compliance of syphilis treatment during pregnancy.Early diagnosis and complete treatment course of syphilis could improve the pregnant outcomes and the health status of infants.

Objective: To identify problems and demands for antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy in Shanghai for optimizing ANC service during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Organized by Maternal and Child Health Care institute in the 16 districts of Shanghai, a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to pregnancy registration in the community health centers or attended ANC in maternity hospitals from February 7 to February 12, 2020. Consented participating women completed a semi-structured online questionnaire voluntarily. Data was analyzed using frequency and scoring, chi-square test. Results: A total of 2 002 valid questionnaires were collected from 183 community health centers and 67 midwifery hospitals. About 94.6% of the pregnant women worried about being infected during the COVID-19 epidemic, and 14.7% demanded for psychological consultation. Appointment ANC services were requested by 87.7% of the participants for avoiding presenting themselves in people-density places. Compared with other pregnancy trimesters, pregnant women in the second trimester were more willing to reduce the frequency of ANC (48.1% VS. 39.5% VS. 35.2%, P<0.01). Compared with multiparas, primiparas were more willing to have online consultation and guidance (63.8% VS. 49.2%, P<0.01). Regarding the needs for health knowledge on COVID-19, personal protection against 2019-nCoV was the most concerned for pregnant women, and 71.0% of them preferred to obtain knowledge through health applications, official Weibo and WeChat. Conclusions Pregnant women in Shanghai critically concern about the risk of 2019-nCoV infections, and highly demand knowledge and measures on prevention and protection from COVID-19. They ask for having time-lapse appointments for ANC and online access to health information and services. Maternal and Child Care institutes should understand the demands of pregnant women, optimize the means of ANC service, and provide tailored and accessible health education and service for the safety of mother and child.

Objective: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) was a very hot topic in the first few years since its appearance, but now more introspections and controversies on this procedure have emerged. One of the reasons why the Norwegian Ministry of Health stopped taTME was the high incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak. In current study, the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak after taTME were analyzed based on the data registered in the Chinese taTME Registry Collaborative (CTRC). Methods: A case-control study was carried out. Between November 15, 2017 and December 31, 2020, clinical data of 1668 patients undergoing taTME procedure registered in the CTRC database from 43 domestic centers were collected retrospectively. After excluding 98 cases without anastomosis and 109 cases without complete postoperative complication data, 1461 patients were finally enrolled for analysis. There were 1036 males (70.9%) and 425 females (29.1%) with mean age of (58.2±15.6) years and mean body mass index of (23.6±3.8) kg/m(2). Anastomotic leak was diagnosed and classified according to the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) criteria. The risk factors associated with postoperative anastomotic leak cases were analyzed. The impact of the cumulative number of taTME surgeries in a single center on the incidence of anastomotic leak was evaluated. As for those centers with the number of taTME surgery ≥ 40 cases, incidence of anastomic leak between 20 cases of taTME surgery in the early and later phases was compared. Results: Of 1461 patients undergoing taTME, 103(7.0%) developed anastomotic leak, including 71 (68.9%) males and 32 (31.1%) females with mean age of (59.0±13.9) years and mean body mass index of (24.5±5.7) kg/m(2). The mean distance between anastomosis site and anal verge was (2.6±1.4) cm. Thirty-nine cases (37.9%) were classified as ISREC grade A, 30 cases (29.1%) as grade B and 34 cases (33.0%) as grade C. Anastomotic leak occurred in 89 cases (7.0%,89/1263) in the laparoscopic taTME group and 14 cases (7.1%, 14/198) in the pure taTME group. Multivariate analysis showed that hand-sewn anastomosis (P=0.004) and the absence of defunctioning stoma (P=0.013) were independently associated with anastomotic leak after taTME. In the 16 centers (37.2%) which performed ≥ 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 1317 taTME surgeries, 86 cases developed anastomotic leak (6.5%, 86/1317). And in the 27 centers which performed less than 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 144 taTME surgeries, 17 cases developed anastomotic leak (11.8%, 17/144). There was significant difference between two kinds of center (χ(2)=5.513, P=0.019). Thirteen centers performed ≥ 40 taTME surgeries. In the early phase (the first 20 cases in each center), 29 cases (11.2%, 29/260) developed anastomotic leak, and in the later phase, 12 cases (4.6%, 12/260) developed anastomotic leak. The difference between the early phase and the later phase was statistically significant (χ(2)=7.652, P=0.006). Conclusion: The incidence of anastomotic leak after taTME may be reduced by using stapler and defunctioning stoma, or by accumulating experience.
Adult ; Aged ; Anastomotic Leak/etiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Rectum/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Background Previous research on chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has predominantly focused on short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs), and few studies could simultaneously determine short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs). Simultaneous extraction and determination of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM_2.5 could provide technical support for their environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment. Objective To establish a method based on QUEChERS pretreatment method in conjunction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneously determining the levels of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM_2.5. Methods The extraction solvents, extraction salts, and extraction steps of a QuEChERS method were optimized. The extraction efficiencies of the target substances were compared under 4 extraction solvents [acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and n-hexane solvents in sequence; acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 2 (v/v/v) mixed solvent; 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 1 (v/v/v) mixed solvent; acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 1 (v/v/v) mixed solvent], 2 dehydrated salts (anhydrous MgSO₄+NaCl and anhydrous Na₂SO₄+NaCl), 2 purification salts (C18 and PSA), and 4 vortex time (5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 min) conditions. Then internal standard was utilized to estimate linear range and detection limit of the refined QuEChERS approach. Results The linearities of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were good in the range of 10~1000 ng·mL⁻¹ with the correlation coefficients all greater than 0.96. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.01 to 0.29 ng·m⁻³. The spiked recoveries of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs at the low, medium, and high concentrations were 77.38%-81.64%, 93.11%-99.78%, and 87.41%-101.39%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.90%-12.84%. This method was used to determine the CPs levels in 11 PM_2.5 samples from Shijiazhuang. The positive rates of ∑SCCPs, ∑MCCPs, and ∑LCCPs were all 100%, the concentration ranges were 0.24-2.18 ng·m⁻³ (mean 0.84 ng·m⁻³), 0.17-1.67 ng·m⁻³ (mean 0.70 ng·m⁻³), and 0.01-0.16 ng·m⁻³ (mean 0.04 ng·m⁻³), respectively, and the percentages to ΣCPs were 52.95%, 44.39%, and 2.66%, respectively. Conclusion The method established in this study is simple, time-saving, solvent saving, and can simultaneously detect SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM_2.5, which is suitable for the determination of PM_2.5 samples in large quantities, and can also provide a reference for the detection methods of other halogenated organic compounds in PM_2.5.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone