Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and related factors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in the elderly. Methods Epworth Sleep Scales (ESS) was used to make a randomized questionnaire among the retired elderly. Results 1 000 questionnaires were released and totally 768 qualified answers were returned. The mean score of ESS was 4.22?0.10 and the score ≥8 was used as an abmormal value. The prevlence rate of EDS in the elderly group was 10.9%. Regression analysis was done based on ESS score as dependent variable, and age, sex, duration of sleep, difficulty in falling asleep, early wakeup, daytime sleepiness, habitual snoring and loud unstable snoring as independent variables. It was showed that daytime tiredness(r=1.458, P

Objective To study the effect of ultrashortwave irradiation and chest-wall vibration therapy on serum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)and percentage of eosinophil(EOS%)in the sputum of children with mild to moderate asthma. Methods A total of 68 children with asthma were divided into a control group and a treatment group.The control group WaS treated with conventional treatment only,while the treatment group was given ultrashortwave irradiation and chest-wall vibration therapy in addition to the conventional treatment.The serum ECP,EOS% in induced sputum,FEV1.0%,and PEF% were measured before and after treatment.The relationships among ECP,EOS%,FEV1.0% and PEF% were analyzed.Results FEV1.0% and PEF% were negatively correlated with serum ECP and EOS% in children with asthma.Compared with the control group,ECP and EOS% were significantly reduced after treatment,while FEV1.0% and PEF% were significantly elevated. Conclusion Uhrashortwave irradiation and chest-wall vibration therapy can improve ventilation by ameliorating airway inflammation and obstruction.

Objective To analyze the concentration, distribution and decreasing trend of niclosamide in soil through soil heaping mixed with niclosamide and the effect of Oncomelania control, and to explore the appropriate dosage for the 'heaping' method. Methods The soil samples were collected from six groups in Tezi township, Puge county, Sichuan Province, and the dosages were 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 and 0 g/m~2, respectively. After ultrasonic extraction, centrifugence and concentration, the samples were finally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mortality rate of snails was observed after 3 days and 7 days. Results The standard error and range of niclosamide in soil were large. There was no significant difference in concentration of niclosamide between the surface layer and deep layer of soil (P>0.05). After 5 months, niclosamide still could be determined in groups of 4 g/m~2. The mortality rate of snails decreased as the concentration of niclosamide decreased (P<0.05). After 5 months, in the group of 4 g/m~2 dosage, the 3 and 7 days mortality rate of snails were 5.33% and 9.33% in the surface layer, higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The heaping method is an efficacious measure of controlling snails and its recommended dosage is 4 g/m~2.

Objective To study the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in mountainous regions and the dynamic charaeteristics of the distribution.Methods An environment calledLanbaoclosed to Puge County.Sichuan Provinee WaS selected as the study field.Random sampling was designed to determine the investigation sites.The snails were collected and the hying snaila were identified by the method of dissection in the laboratory.The distribution of snails was analyzed by some statistical indices,such as mean,variance and so on.Then the negative binomial distribution.log-normal distribution and exponential distribution were fitted to the snail data by the method of maximum likelihood estimation to explore the snail distribution in different time.Results The negative binomial distribution was fitted well to the snail data in April,May,July,August,September,November in 2008,and no distribution was fined to the snail data in June,October.December in 2008 and February in 2009.Conclusions The distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in mountainous regions is not simple negative binomial distribution,but pwbably a dynamic process and an uncertain distribution.

Objective To investigate the tempo?spatial patterns of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County,Hubei Province,so as to identify the risk areas and provide the scientific evidence in following intervention plans for marshland epidemic areas in the stage of transmission control. Methods The schistosomiasis epidemiological data in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2013 to?gether with the related geographical information were collected and analyzed. The tempo?spatial distribution patterns were ana?lyzed by the spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial clustering analysis. Results The human infection rate was decreased from 2.15%in 2009 to 0.63%in 2013,which was the historically low level. The results of tempo?spatial analysis showed that there were spatial clustering effects in human schistosomiasis infection for each of the years. The values of spatial autocorrelation index Moran’s I were statistically significant. Eighteen and thirty?five clusters were detected by using SatScan and FlexScan soft?ware,respectively. Conclusions From 2009 to 2013,the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Jiangling County presented a decline trend and reached the historical low level. The identified spatial clustering areas should be targeted as the prioritized ar?eas for schistosomiasis control.

This paper summarizes the factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River before and after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam and analyzes schistosomiasis prevalence trends to provide a basis for the application of the Three Gorges project methodologies in other areas.The Three Gorges Dam has demonstrated a positive effect on schistosomiasis control.Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Jiangsu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are currently regions with a high prevalence of schistosomiasis.These five provinces contained 97.62％ of known snail areas and 93.66％ of calculated schistosomiasis cases with 90.07％ of counties (cities,districts) not yet meeting the criteria for schistosomiasis transmission interruption by the end of 2016.After the Three Gorges Dam was built,the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River decreased.By the end of 2016,the estimated number of cases decreased by 92.75％ and the snail habitat areas decreased by 6.56％ compared to 2004.No acute schistosomiasis cases have occurred for two consecutive years since 2015.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of dexmetomidine (DEX) in improving lung injury in septic mice.Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the blank group (NC), sham operation group (sham), cecal ligation and puncture group (CLP), and Dex treatment group (CLP+DEX), 36 mice per group. Mice in the CLP group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL sterile saline 15 min before CLP, and mice in the CLP + DEX group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 μg/kg DEX 15 min before CLP. The survival rate was recorded within 24 h after CLP. The mice were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after CLP, and lung tissues were collected. The expression levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and lncRNA-HOTAIR in the lung of mice were detected by qPCR. RAW264.7 cell were cultured in vitro, LPS (100 ng/mL) and DEX (1 μ mol/L) were used to establish a cell model for studying the mechanism of Dex, and the expression of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and lncRNA-HOTAIR in RAW264.7 cell model were detected by qPCR. In addition, the effect of lncRNA-HOTAIR on sepsis was explored in vivo and in vitro by knockdown or overexpression of HOTAIR.Results:The survival rate of the CLP+DEX group was higher than that of the CLP group within 24 h after surgery, and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lungs were significantly lower than those in the CLP group at 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery ( P<0.05). In addition, the level of lncRNA HOTAIR showed that the expression level of lncRNA HOTAIR in the lungs of mice were decreased after Dex treatment, and were decreased 1.1 times ( P<0.05), 4.0 times ( P<0.01) and 3.8 times ( P<0.01) at 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Compared with the NC group, knockdown of HOTAIR significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in septic mice ( P<0.05), and overexpression of HOTAIR significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in septic mice ( P<0.01). Conclusions:DEX can reduce the production of inflammatory factors in the lungs of septic mice and improve the survival rate of septic mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HOTAIR expression.

Objective:To explore diagnostic value of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with pulmonary infection after liver transplantation.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with pulmonary infection after liver transplantation in the the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different pathogens, they were divided into bacteria infection group ( n=35) and non-bacteria infection group ( n=45). The general data, levels of serum TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for pulmonary infection after liver transplantation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to analyze diagnostic value of TNF-α, CRP and PCT. Results:The levels of serum TNF-α, CRP and PCT in bacteria infection group were significantly higher than those in non-bacteria infection group ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high TNF-α, CRP, and PCT levels were independent risk factors for bacterial pneumonia after liver transplantation. ROC analysis showed that sensitivity, specificity and areas under ROC curves (AUC) of TNF-α, CRP and PCT for diagnosis of bacterial pulmonary infection after liver transplantation were (80.12%, 72.12%, 80.18%), (83.45%, 73.46%, 83.38%) and (0.802, 0.751, 0.803), respectively. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity between TNF-α and PCT for diagnosis of bacterial pulmonary infection after liver transplantation were similar ( P>0.05). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of TNF-α for diagnosis of bacterial pulmonary infection after liver transplantation were better than those of CRP ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The diagnostic value of TNF-α for pulmonary infection after liver transplantation is similar to that of PCT, and is superior to CRP. It can be applied as a reliable index for identifying bacterial pneumonia and non-bacterial pneumonia.

Objective: To describe the sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Jiading District and to analyze its correlation with the incidence of infectious diseases and associated lead or lag times, so as,to provide a scientific basis for the health and education departments to take measures. Methods: The regularity and symptom composition of school sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Jiading District from the 2010-2017 were described. The Joinpoint model was applied to analyze the changing trend of absenteeism. And the rate of school sickness absenteeism and incidences of 7 acute infectious diseases were compared through visual analysis. The time lagged correlation coefficients and Granger causality tests were applied to quantitatively analyze the correlation and lead/lag patterns. Results: The average rate of school sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Jiading District, Shanghai was 0.27%. Since the 2012 academic year, the overall rate of sickness absenteeism has been on the rise. Fever was the most common symptom of absenteeism (47.49%). The trend of sickness absenteeism rate was mainly consistent with the incidence of influenza, and showed a one way Granger causality. The maximum time lagged correlation coefficient was obtained in the second semester of the 2017 academic year with a value of 0.43 (95% CI =0.25-0.58). The maximum time lagged correlation coefficient between the rate of sickness absenteeism with fever and other respiratory symptoms and the incidence of influenza was also obtained in the second semester of the 2017 academic year and the maximum correlation coefficient was 0.50(95% CI =0.33-0.65). Conclusion The sickness absenteeism rate in primary and secondary school students is correlated to influenza incidence, and it has potential application value in supplementing early warning of influenza activities in the community.

Objective:To explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of emerging snail-infested sites in different environmental types in Yunnan Province.Methods:The data of snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province from 1950 to 2014 (from Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention), were collected and sorted out, a spatial and temporal database on the distribution of emerging snail-infested sites were established, and the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types (ditches, tangerines, paddy fields, dry land, beaches and other environments) were studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and scanning statistics analysis.Results:From 1950 to 2014, the annual number of emerging snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province reached a peak (1 730) in 1955 and then showed a fluctuating downward trend. From 1993 to 2014, the number of emerging snail-infested sites remained below 100, and increased to 160 and 131, respectively, in 2004 and 2013. The longest mean duration of 43.85 years was recorded for the beaches environment for emerging snail-infested sites, followed by the paddy fields environment with a mean duration of 37.01 years, and the shortest mean duration of 20.44 years for the tangerines environment. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the duration of emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types (global Moran's I ranged from 0.43 to 0.64, P < 0.05). Scanning statistics analysis showed that emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types had spatial and temporal aggregation ( P < 0.001), with 3- 6 clusters of statistically significant aggregation detected respectively. Conclusion:The emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types in Yunnan Province have spatial and temporal aggregation, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control of the aggregation areas of different environment types to prevent further spread of the snail.