Objective To investigate the expression and characteristics distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor during the development of retina of healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods The expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor were detected by immunohistochemical staining in the retinal paraffin sections of SD and RCS rats from newborn to 12 moths old. Results In the normal retina of SD rats 0-7 days after birth, positive CNTF staining was found in all of the retinal layers and the staining of ganglion cells strengthened and other cells weakened as the age of rats increased; the staining of ganglion cells reached the peak at the 4th week and lasted till the agedness. The same results of the CNTF staining were also found in RCS rats retina. Weak positive staining of CNTFR in all of the retinal layers was seen in the 0-3-day-old SD rats; the ganglion cells were darkly stained and incontinuous positive staining at the site which would develop to be the external segment was found; as the age increased, the positive staining of external segment of photoreceptor enhanced and reached the peak at the 14-28th day after birth. At the 56th day, the staining of ganglion cells in retina of SD rats was strengthened while the staining of external segment weakened till the agedness. The expression of CNTFR in retina of 3-14-day-old RCS rats was the same as which of normal SD rats basically, but the staining of external segment weakened obviously from the 21st day on, and negative staining of external and positive ganglion cells were detected at the 28th day till the agedness. Conclusions Expression of CNTF in normal SD rats and RCS rats with hereditary retinal degeneration is almost the same. The presence of significant difference of expression of CNTFR between normal SD rats retina and RCS rats retina may provide the experimental gist for the CNTF treatment to retinal degeneration.

Objective To identify the risk factors for the development of intraoperative hypothermia in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.Methods One hundred twenty patients of both sexes,aged 23-83 yr,weighing 43-92 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective thoracic surgery,who had an expected surgical duration of more than 2 h,with the core body temperature of 36.0-37.5 ℃,were included.After admission to the operating room,the core body temperature was measured.Intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature of lower than 36 ℃ was defined as hypothermia.The patients were randomly divided into hypothermia group or non-hypothermia group according to whether or not intraoperative hypothermia occurred.Factors including the patient characteristics,the total amount of fluid infused (including the volume of blood transfused),duration and way of anesthesia and duration and type of surgery were recorded.The risk factors associated with intraoperative hypothermia were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 94 patients developed hypothermia during surgery,and the incidence of hypothermia was 78.3％.The lowest body temperature was 33.6 ℃.There was significant difference between the two groups in age,duration of surgery,the total amount of fluid infused,and the body temperature when patients were admitted to the operating room.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the total amount of fluid infused＞2 000 ml (OR =3.499) and low body temperature when patients were admitted to the operating room (OR =0.074) were independent risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.Conclusion The total amount of intravenous fluid infused＞2 000 ml and low body temperature when patients were admitted to the operating room are independent risk factors in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Objective:To observe influence of preoperative sufentanil delayed preconditioning (SPC) on perioperative cogni‐tive function and myocardial protection effect in patients undergoing on -pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP‐CABG) .Methods:A total of 60 patients undergoing selective OPCABG were randomly and equally divided into sufentanil group (SPC group) and routine treatment control group (control group) ,blood sample was collected before operation ,1h , 6h ,12h ,24h and 48h after aorta declamping to measure level of cardiac troponin I (cTnT );and all patients received neu‐ropsychological assessment before and 7d after operation .Results:Compared with control group ,there was significant re‐ductions in serum cTnI levels [1h:(23.66 ± 3.15) ng/ml vs .(14.96 ± 2.13) ng/ml] in sufentanil group from 1h after aor‐ta declamping to 48h after CABG ,P<0.05 all .The inotropic agent usage score on 12h ,24h and 48h after entering ICU of sufentanil group was significantly lower than that of control group [12h:(6.4 ± 0.6) scores vs .(8.4 ± 0.6) scores] , P<0.05 all .Incidence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in sufentanil group was significantly lower than that of control group (13.3% vs .30.0% ,P=0.041) .Conclusion:Preoperative sufentanil delayed preconditioning posses‐ses myocardial protection effect , and reduce incidence rate of cognitive dysfunction so also possesses certain brain protection in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting .

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate based on current evidence.Methods We searched Pubmed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Database from the establishment to October 2016 for the published literature on the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate with solifenacin.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.Then,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 621 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that:compared with the no-solifenacin group(n=311),the numbers of bladder spasm episodes[MD=-1.38,95%CI(-1.97,-0.97)P<0.00001],duration of bladder spasm[MD=-0.26,95%CI(-0.41,-0.11),P=0.0008],the time of bladder perfusion clearance[MD=-0.59,95%CI(-0.88,-0.29),P<0.0001],indwelling catheter delivery[MD=-0.29,95%CI(-0.48,-0.11),P=0.09]in solifenacin group(n=310) reduced significantly,and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of overall adverse events between the two groups[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.17,2.98),P=0.64].Conclusion Current evidence indicates that solifenacin is more effective and safe in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the include studies,more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) on acute angle-closure glaucoma patients after trabeculetomy.METHODS: Patients with viral keratitis who underwent trabeculectomy in treatment of acute angle - closure glaucoma in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from December 2011 to October 2013 were selected and completed the treatment, 61 eyes of 45 cases were followed up. The treatment group of 23 cases (32 eyes) with acute angle-closure glaucoma patients were treated by NGF gel for 3mo after trabeculetomy, while in the control group 22 cases (29 eyes) were treated by normal saline replaced NGF. All patients were followed up for at least 12mo, visual acuity, perimetry, retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) thickness and cup/disc ratio of the patients were followed up during the treatment. The safety of topical use of NGF gel was also evaluated.RESULTS:ln all patients, the intraocular pressure ( lOP) was successfully controlled under 21mmHg and the visual acuity was markedly increased in the affected eye after trabeculectomy. Compared with control group, the postoperative lOP and visual acuity had no significant differences in treatment group (P>0. 05). The average light sensitivity of perimetry and mean defect were better than that in control group postoperative 6 and 12mo; The results of optical coherent tomography ( OCT ) and Heiderburg Retina Tomography ( HRT )-Ⅲ showed that RNFL thickness was significantly greater than that in control group, while cup/disc ratio significantly less than that in control group postoperative 6 and 12mo. Ocular surface damage, corneal endothelium to reduce and other eye complication were no observed in treatment group.CONCLUSlON:Acute angle-closure glaucoma treated by NGF gel after operation is effective and safe.

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Objective To study the efficacy of linezolid on gram positive bacterial infection in elderly patients and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia.Methods A retrospective analysis of 50 elderly patients treated with intravenous linezolid for gram-positive bacterial infection from January 2008 to October 2010 was conducted.Clinical data and bacteriological responses were assessed.Efficacy of linezolid on infection and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in elderly patients were analyzed.Results The average duration of treatment was (13±2) d,the efficacy rate was 74 ％ and the bacteriological eradication rate was 69 ％ (18/26).Thrombocytopenia occurred in 24 patients during the treatment,and the average platelet count was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment[(146±87) 109/L vs.(239± 114) 109/L,t=3.888,P=0.000)].Thromhocytopenia was associated with the baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Based on a Logistic regression analysis,the baseline platelet count ＜ 200 × 109/L was identified as the only significant risk factor for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in elderly patients (OR =0.244,95％CI:0.068-0.874,P=0.030).The mean platelet count was decreased significantly after 7 days of treatment,and decreased to the lowest value 1-2 days after the end of therapy.Conclusions Linezolid is effective and safe for the elderly with gram-positive bacterial infection,especially hospital acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.Linezolid has little effect on liver and renal function in elderly patients,but it can cause thrombocytopenia,which is associated with baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Platelet counts should be monitored during treatment and measures should be taken to prevent hemorrhagic tendencies.

Objective To use functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) to observe the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with speech training in treating those with lateral fissure aphasia.Methods Forty-eight persons with lateral fissure aphasia were divided randomly into a control group and a treatment group,each of 24.The treatment group was treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with speech training,while the control group was given only speech training.Before the treatment and 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment,BOLD-fMRI images were collected to observe any changes in the language areas of the brain activated.A Chinese aphasia examination (CRRCAE) was used to assess speech function before and after treatment for both groups.Results The average CRRCAE scores of the two groups were not significantly different right before the treatment and at the end of 2 weeks of treatment,but at the end of 8 weeks of treatment the average score of the treatment group was significantly better.The biggest improvement was among those with Broca's aphasia,followed by those with Wernicke aphasia and conduction aphasia.No such differences were observed in the control group.After the 8 weeks of treatment,the average CRRCAE score of the treatment group patients had improved significantly,but in the control group only those with Broca's aphasia had improved significantly.In the treatment group,after 2 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment the activated language areas of the right hemisphere were significantly smaller than before treatment and significantly smaller than the activated areas in the left hemisphere at the same time points.Conclusions Low-frequency,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with speech therapy is an early intervention which may promote recovery from lateral fissure aphasia through restoring lingual function after stroke.

· AIM: To study the in situ relative intraocular position of the iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (PIOL)for high myopia using an anterior chamber optical coherence tomography (AC OCT)prototype.· METHODS: Six PIOLs (11.50 to 22.00D lens powers) were implanted in phakic myopic eyes. Using AC OCT, tomography was taken in the anterior chamber to measure the preoperative anterior chamber depth, postoperative distance between the PIOL and the corneal endothelium (endothelial-optic distance), and the postoperative distance between the PIOL and the crystalline lens.· RESULTS: Preoperative anterior chamber depth ranged from 3.27 to 3.91 mm and the postoperative endothelial-optic distance measured 2,07 to 2,24 mm. The distance between the crystalline lens and the posterior surface of the IOL ranged from 0.82 to 1.32 mm. Several tomography revealed the position of the PIOL on the iris, The pigment layer of the iris did not seem to be disturbed by the presence of the PIOL.· CONCLUSION, The original anterior chamber depths were reduced by 36,1% to 44.6% after implantation. This study of 6 eyes revealed that tomography taken by AC OCT are useful in verifying the intraocular position of the PIOL within the anterior chamber. Adequate space was maintained between the iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens and the corneal endothelium, angle, and crystalline lens.