Objective To investigate the effects of rubella virus R16 infection on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) in the human embryonic lens epithelial cells in vitro. Methods The human embryonic lens epithelial cells were infected by rubella virus R16 for 3, 7 and 14 days respectively in vitro. Then the mRNA levels of HSP70 and HSF4 were measured by Real-time PCR assays, the HSP70 protein level was detected by Western blot assay, and the DNA sequence of HSF4 was also identified by DNA Sequencing. Results Both mRNA and protein levels of HSP70 were increased dramatically at 3 and 7 days after rubella virus R16 infection in vitro. But mRNA levels of HSF4 were decreased significantly. The DNA sequence of HSF4 had no change in the human embryonic lens epithelial cells at 14 d after rubella virus R16 infection. Conclusions Rubella virus R16 could directly induce the increased expression of HSP70 in the human embryonic lens epithelial cells infected by rubella virus R16 in vitro, which may prevent human embryonic lens epithelial cells from infecting with virus. The heat shock transcription factor may serve as a negative regulator at transcription level. However, the DNA sequence of HSF4 had no change in the human embryonic lens epithelial cells within 14 days after rubella virus R16 infection.

Objective In order to further understand the bioactivity of sphingosine kinase, high efficient replication defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the wild type SPK gene (SPK WT ) and SPK mutant gene (SPK DN ) were constructed respectively. Methods The SPK genes of interest were subcloned into a shuttle vector pshuttle cmv respectively. Pshuttle cmv SPK WT and Pshuttle cmv SPK DN were linearized by PmeI and transformed respectively into the competent cells of E. coli BJ AD 1 cells which contain adenoviral backbone plasmid pAdEasy 1. The linearized recombinant plasmids were transfected into adenovirus 293 packaging cells respectively,and then recombinant adenoviruses were harvested. We performed the PCR, Western blot and enzyme assays to identify the recombinant adenoviruses. Results The recombinant adenoviruses containing the interest gene and being able to infect ECV 304 cells were obtained. Overexpression of wild type SPK gene in ECV 304 cells increased the endogenous SPK activity, whereas overexpression of mutant SPK (SPK DN ) inhibited intracellular SPK activity. Conclusion Recombinant adenoviral vectors can mediate interesting gene expression in cells.

OBJECTIVEThis work lays the foundation for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion. A digital dental cast is acquired through grating projection, and model features are measured through reverse engineering.

METHODSThe grating projection system controlled by a computer was projected onto the surface of a normal dental model. Three-dimensional contour data were obtained through multi-angle shooting. A three-dimensional model was constructed, and the model features were analyzed by using reverse engineering. The digital model was compared with the plaster model to determine the accuracy of the measurement system.

RESULTSThe structure of three-dimensional reconstruction model was clear. The digital models of two measurements exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05). When digital and plaster models were measured, we found that the crown length and arch width were not statistically different (P > 0.05), whereas the difference between the crown width and arch length was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reconstruction of a digital model by using the grating projection technique and reverse engineering can be used for dental model measurement in clinic al and scientific research and can provide a scientific method for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion.

Prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and rectal cancer are common malignancies in the male pelvis. The incidence rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy, cystectomy or rectal cancer surgery is about 25% - 100%. The main cause of post-surgery ED is mainly attributed to injury of neurovascular bundles, which may lead to reduced oxygenation in and fibrosis of the penile tissue. Early penile rehabilitation after surgery can improve or restore the erectile function of the patients. This article focuses on penile rehabilitation after radical pelvic surgery.
Cystectomy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Penile Erection ; Penis ; Postoperative Complications ; rehabilitation ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective By means of value-added reflection of students' learning behavior, this article gives an objective description of the current situation of pharmaceutical undergraduate education and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the connotation construction of pharmaceutical education.Method Using the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) developed by Tsinghua University and Indiana University (US), 1100 students participated in a one-to-one web-based anonymous questionnaire, and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the data.Five comparable indexes and students' recognition behaviors were discussed using descriptive analysis and independent sample t test.Result The five comparable index scores and learning behavior skill index scores of the students in Chinese traditional medicine specialty and pharmacy were higher than the national overall level of all kinds of colleges and universities of science categories.Compared with the national norm of medical colleges, except that the score of 43.36 of the five comparable indexes in pharmaceutical professional academic challenge (level of academic challenge, LAC) was less than 43.63 national medical colleges LAC norm level, the other index scores were higher.LAC and active collaborative learning scores of Chinese pharmaceutical majors were lower than those of pharmacy students, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the study of behavioral skills, the scores of two major students' use, evaluation and comprehensive behavior were lower than the national standard of medical institutions, and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical majors (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Teaching experience and learning support need to be optimized for pharmaceutical students.Learning scientificalness and comprehensive abilities in pharmaceutical education need to be improved.Mid and higher level of learning behavior needs to be enhanced for pharmaceutical students.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVE:To study the influencing factors of protocol deviation in drug clinical trial implementation,and pro-vide reference for improving the quality of drug clinical trial. METHODS:Quality verification was conducted for the drug clinical trial projects in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2010-2016,and protocol deviations in each year were retrospectively studied,classified and analyzed. Category,frequency,international and domestic pilot projects and the differences of protocol deviation after full-time research nurse participating in trail management were explored,and the measures were put forward. RESULTS:27 drug clinical trials were implemented in our hospital during 2010-2016,including 949 cases,176 cases with protocol deviation,accounting for 18.55％. Deviation protocol in drug clinical trial was decreased year by year for 7 years. The categories were mainly incompleteness of observation/records (30.11％),checking omission/broaden the window(28.41％),adverse drug events and improper combined medication (14.20％) and omission in drug management (11.93％). The proportion of protocol deviation with full-time research nurse participated was lower than the projects without full-time research nurse(11.11％ vs. 28.67％,P<0.01),and proportion of deviation protocol in international multi-center project was lower than the domestic projects(6.60％ vs. 28.84％,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested to pointedly strengthen the weak links of drug clinical trial. For example,clinical trial institutions should establish the clinical trial data retention system,electronic data should be timely backed up in a different places,etc. Besides,clinical trial institutions should equip professional full-time research nurses as much as possible,learn the rigorous scientific experimental design,standard operational procedures and the authenticity of data pro-cessing from the international multi-center clinical trial projects to effectively reduce the incidence of deviation protocol and im-prove the quality of drug clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: von Willebrand factor (vWF) is only released from endothelial cells and platelets and is an in vivo and in vitro marker of endothelial injury in septic patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Interleukin-8 (IL-8), as a proinflammatory mediator causing recruitment of inflammatory cells, induces an increase in oxidant stress mediators and makes it as a key parameter for localized inflammation. However, it has not been well established whether the level of serum IL-8 is associated with the severity of lung injury and whether it is a prognosis marker for severe lung contusion. This study was to investigate the expression of plasma vWF and IL-8 and their association with the severity and outcomes of severe pulmonary contusion. METHODS: A total of 63 patients were divided into a severe pulmonary contusion with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group and a non-ARDS group, or a survivor group and a non-survivor group, or an injury severity score (ISS) <20 group and an ISS ≥20 group. Another 20 healthy volunteers served as controls. The levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after injury. The expression patterns of the plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were compared between different groups. RESULTS: The concentrations of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were significantly increased in all severe pulmonary contusion patients at all time points in comparison with the control group. The concentrations of plasma vWF in patients with ARDS increased during the whole study period, but vWF in patients with non-ARDS increased gradually until day 5 and then decreased at day 7. The concentration of serum IL-8 showed a similar expression pattern in both groups, but the expression increased more significantly in the ARDS group than in the non-ARDS group. Interestingly, both plasma vWF and serum IL-8 levels steadily increased in the non-survivor group. Furthermore, the level of plasma vWF was higher in the ISS≥20 group than in the ISS<20 group. The level of serum IL-8 in the ISS≥20 group was consistently high, while that in the ISS<20 group peaked at day 3 and decreased at day 5. In addition, the level of plasma vWF was positively correlated with platelet count, but negatively correlated with oxygen index. The level of serum IL-8 was positively correlated with white blood cell count and ISS score, and inversely correlated with oxygen index. CONCLUSION: The elevated levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 in severe pulmonary contusion patients reflect the severity of pulmonary injury and patients outcomes, suggesting that the plasma vWF and serum IL-8 are sensitive markers for clinical evaluation of the severity of pulmonary injury and predication of patient prognosis.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; pathology ; surgery ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy

Objective To explore the effect of different cold ischemia (CI)times on the patterns of intra-graft T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3) expression early after isogeneic half liver transplantation (PLT)in mice. Methods The models of C57BL/6 full-size(FS) and PLT were established.The CI time was 1,4 and 8 h.Specimen were collected at 4 and 24 h post-reperfusion.Ribonuclease protection assays (RPA)was used to evaluate serial mRNA expression of the TCA-3 chemokine in all mice.Histopathology was used to examine cold ischemia injury in the liver grafts. Results A total of 45 control and 30 PLTs were performed.The survival rate at 7 day after control and PLT was 100％.Quantitative analysis demonstrated the levels of TCA-3 mRNA expression were low at 4 h after reperfusion in control group with 1,4,8 h CI.The levels of TCA-3 significandy increased at 4 h after reperfusion in PLT group with CI of 1,4,8 h and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F =7.41,P ＜ 0.05 ). TCA-3 mRNA expression significantly decreased at 24 h after reperfusion in two groups. But the difference was not statistically significant ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Histopathology showed severer cold ischemia injury in PLT grafts compared with control grafts. Conclusions The expression of TCA-3 significandy increased early after PLT and played an important role in cold ischemia injury.TCA-3 could be used as the early therapeutic target for reducing ischemia injury in PLT grafts.