Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Humans

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Ganmaoyangkeling Tablets(Radix Isatidis, Herba Solidaginis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, etc.). Methods: Radix Glycyrrhizae and Herba Solidaginis were identified by TLC, and the content of quercetinum was determined by HPLC. Results: Quercetinum shows a good linear relationship in the range of 0.05～0.40?g ( r =0.99997), and the average recovery is 101.9%, RSD is 2.07%. Conclusion: These methods is simple, accurate and specific and can be used for the quality control of Ganmaoyangkeling Tablets.

It is the requirement to change the utility reading of medical undergraduates and to realize the functions of medical academic library for medical academic library to popularize reading service .The serial reading populari-zation service practice was thus described in this paper with certain feasible suggestions put forward for the further reading popularization activities.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of hypoglycemia and evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of hypoglycemia monitoring by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).Methods Sixteen female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 4 rabbits in each group.The rabbits in the control group were given intravenous infusion of saline.The animals in the experimental group were infused with insulin continuously, which were divided into 0.1 U/kg/h insulin group (RI=0.1 U group), 0.2 U/kg/h insulin (RI=0.2 U group) group and 0.4 U/kg/h insulin group (RI=0.4 U group) accordingly.During the experiment, CGMS was monitored for 240 min.Blood samples were collected at a 30-minute interval and the blood glucose level was measured by a hand glucose meter.Results A total of 1296 CGMS monitoring data were obtained during the study period, and 136 BG monitoring data matched with CGMS time were obtained.After the insulin administration, BG and CGMS were significantly decreased.The reduction rates of BG and CGMS were 0.016 and 0.017 mmol/L/min in the RI=0.1 U insulin group, 0.04 and 0.027 mmol/L/min in the RI=0.2U insulin group, and 0.049 and 0.032 mmol/L/min in the RI=0.4 U group.According to whether BG monitoring value was lower than 4.4 mmol/L, the BG-CGMS paring data were divided into hypoglycemia and normoglycemia.In hypoglycemia, the average deviation of BG-CGMS was 0.55 mmol/L (the upper and lower limits were-0.98 and 2.08 mmol/L, respectively) and the absolute difference percentage (RAD) was 40.2% ± 45.2%.The mean deviation of BG-CGMS in normal blood glucose was-0.19 mmol/L (upper and lower limits were-1.38 and 1.00 mmol/L, respectively) and 5.8% ± 5.3% in RAD.The error grid analysis (EGA) showed that the proportion of zone A was 93.4%, 0.7% in zone B, and 5.9% in zone D, and the zone D was distributed in area of low BG and high CGMS.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that CGMS has a significant hysteresis phenomenon when blood glucose is reduced rapidly.When the blood glucose levels fall below 4.4 mmol/L, CGMS may have a risk of overestimating blood glucose.Such risk should be fully considered during CGMS clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenovirus vectors for BTB and cap'n'collar protein homology 1 (Bach1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on antioxidanffactors and fibrosis related cytokines in lung fibroblasts (MLF) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced mouse.Methods Bach1 siRNA recombinant adenovirus vectors and blankadenovirus vectorwere constructed,then the MLF cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 24 h and infected with blankvector and successful constructed Bach1 siRNAs.The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of Bach1,heme oxygenase (HO)-1,glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) in cell supernatants were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Changes of fibrosis-related cytokines including TGF-β1 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in cell supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for multiple group comparisons and LSD test was used to compare the two groups.Results Bach1 mRNA (2.127±0.089) and protein expression increased significantly after TGF-31 stimulation compared with blank group (1.000±0.067,t=-21.77,P＜0.01),as well as the expression of fibrosis-related cytokines TGF-β1 (52±6) and IL-6 (34±6) in cell supernatants increased significantly after TGF-β1 stimulation compared with blank group (26±4,t=-11.11,P＜0.01 and 20±5,t=-5.32,P＜0.01),but the mRNA expression of HO-1 and GPx1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) also the protein expression decreased significantly compared with mRNA (1.000±0.181,t=25.57,P＜0.01 and 1.000±0.212,t=6.68,P＜0.05) and protein expression in blank group.Follow the Bach1 siRNA treatment,Bach1 mRNA (0.153±0.015) and protein levels were significantly downregulated compared with mRNA (2.129±0.089 and 1.973±0.035,F=1835.95,P＜0.01) and protein expression of TGF-β1 and blank vector group,as well as TGF-β1 (26±3) and IL-6 (11±3) expression in cell supernatant were significantly inhibited compared with TGF-31 (52±6 and 34±6) and blankvector group (49±5 and 33±6) (F=22.25,P＜0.01 and F=28.38,P＜0.01).But the mRNA levels of HO-1 (3.303±0.294) and GPx1 (1.840±0.231) in MLF were promoted significantly compared with TGF-β1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) and blank vector group (0.353±0.057 and 0.667±0.090) (F=53.90,P＜0.01 and F=526.25,P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing Bach1 rescues TGF-β1 induced reduction of antioxidants and increasethefibrosis in MLF cells.The study offers an experimental basis to explore pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy for connective tissue disease related inter-stitial lung disease.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of point-to-point acupuncture with electric stimulation of direct current induction for facial nerve paralysis. Methods A total of 65 patients with facial nerve paralysis were randomly divided into the observation group (n=33) and the control group (n=32). The control group received routine treatment, and observation group was received Dicang (ST4)-to-Jiache (ST6) and Yangbai (GB14)-to-Taiyang (EX-HN5) by acupuncture with electric stimulation of direct current induction combined with conventional western medicine. The treatment of both groups last 3 weeks. The House-Brackmann Scale and the BR indexe at baseline and after 3 weeks treatment were observed. Results After treatment, The clinical effect of observation group was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than control group 43.8% (U=2.175, P=0.013). After treatment, House-Brackmann facial nerve scale (Ⅰ level=15 cases, Ⅱ level=4 cases, Ⅲ level=3 cases) in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (Ⅰ level=5 cases, Ⅱ level=7 cases, Ⅲ level=2 cases; U=2.069, P=0.018). After treatment, R1 latency (12.28 ± 2.55 ms vs. 13.84 ± 3.07 ms, t=2.227) and R2 latency (32.28 ± 7.08 ms vs. 35.95 ± 5.11 ms, t=2.396) in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P=0.030, P=0.020). Conclusions The point-to-point acupuncture with electric stimulation of direct current induction could reduce latency of R1 and R2 for facial nerve paralysis, and improve the clinical effect.

Objective To study effect of celecoxib on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and matrix metabolism of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Use a modified way of mechanical fixation to make rabbit OA model.Knee OA separated and extractd rabbit chondrocytes were and then culture in medium.The cultured chondroctyes were divided into the Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group and the celecoxib group, which were given 1％ DMSO and 10 μmol/L celecoxib respectively.After 48 hours' intervention, the protein expression and gene expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related factors, including β-catenin,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, collagen Ⅱ were detected.T-test was used for the comparison between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group, the levels of type Ⅱ collagen [(275±19) ng/ml vs (202±12) ng/ml, t=-6.21, P＜0.05] and proteoglycan [(58±12) ng/ml vs (30±3) ng/ml, t=-9.23, P＜0.05] significantly increased in celecoxib group (P＜0.05).Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the levels of β-catenin, MMP-3, MMP-13 mRNA and protein in celecoxib group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).Conclusion In rabbit OA chondrocytes, celecoxib can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reduce downstream factors expression including MMPs, thereby increase the cartilage matrix type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan levels.

Objective To assess whether lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) has a predictive or prognostic value in pulmonary fibrosis mice,and identify the relationship between LOXL2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (n=50) were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=40) and controls (n=10).Each mouse in the experimental group was induced by injecting bleomycin into trachea and mice were sacrificed on day 3,7,14 and 28,respectively.The concentrations of LOXL2,TGF-β 1 of the serum and lung homogenates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric rank sum test was used for the comparisons between the two groups.Associations between these factors were analyzed by Spearman's test.Results ① The levels of serum and lung homogenates LOXL2 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [serum:(56±48) vs (25±23),P＜0.05;lung homogenates:(61±32) vs (22±16),P＜0.05].And in the experimental group,a positive correlation was found between the level of LOXL2 and the radiological index,the pathological score of inflammation and fibrosis.(Serum:r=0.435,0.533,0.335,P＜0.05;lung homogenates:0.675,0.736,0.526,P＜0.05).② The levels of lung homogenates TGF-β 1 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [(302±197) vs (64±16),P＜0.05].A positive correlation was found between the level of lung homogenates LOXL2 and the level of lung homogenates TGF-β1 (r=0.520,P＜0.05).Conclusion LOXL2 participates in the pathological process of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.It predicts pulmonary fibrosis in the preclinical stage and is associated with increased risk for disease progression.The elevated levels of LOXL2 and TGF-β 1 may have some relationship.They both are involved in the disease progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective We investigated the effect of VX-765 on collagen induced arthritis (CIA).Methods Twenty-four mice were divided into three groups:the VX-765 prophylaxis group (VX-765),the CIA model group (CIA) and the wild-type control group (Normal).Each group has 8 mice.Mice with CIA were in-tra-peritoneally injected with VX-765 (100 mg/kg,twice a day),mice with CIA and controls were treated with 0.9％ saline.At the end of the study,clinical scores,radiographic scores and histological scores of joints were calculated.Serum cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-18,IL-33 were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum cytokines levels between the CIA group and the VX-765 groups were compared using F test.The clinical scores,radiographic scores and pathological scores between the CIA group and the VX-765 group were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.Results The clinical scores of arthritis and the radiographic scores were significantly lower in the VX-765 group (1,1) than the CIA group (6.5,3.5;Q=4.5,2.75,P＜0.05).Compared with the CIA group,the histological analysis (1,5.5;Q=4.75,P=0.000),serum cytokine levels [IL-1β (2.0±1.0) vs (6.9±2.4) pg/ml,IL-18 (75±42) vs (129±48) pg/ml,IL-33 (145.46 vs 287.22) pg/ml] were significantly lower in the VX-765 group (F=27.98,F=17.27,Q=89.72,P＜0.01).Conclusion These findings suggest that caspase-1 is a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.