AIM　To build a model of two series of PPARγ agonists thiazolidinedione and aryketo-acid derivatives using 3D-QSAR method, and to reveal the structural features affecting the binding activity to PPARγ, which relates to antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity and has a potential application to the treatment of type II diabetes. METHODS and RESULTS　48 agonists with selective activity for PPARγ were analyzed using CoMFA. Based upon the active conformation of rosiglitazone (BRL) extracted from its complex with PPARγ all agonists were aligned. The model from CoMFA showed a high ability to explain and predict the activity of PPARγ agonists with cross-validation correlation coefficient R2=0.656, that of non-cross-validataion R2=0.982, F10，37=201.1, and SE=0.115. CONCLUSION　The CoMFA contour map indicates that the steric fields mainly contribute to the binding effect, and especially a bulky group in the arylketo-acid series favors in the increase of affinity for PPARγ, as compared to the thiazolidinedione.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Asthma ; therapy ; Female ; Hot Flashes ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Seasons

Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias ; pathology ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; classification ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The apprentice system is the principal succession method of ancient Chinese medicine. Masters pass down knowledge via verbal instructions as well as personal deeds, and apprentices are unconsciously influenced deeply within by what they see and hear from masters. That is where the strong point of the system. However, at the same time, apprentices are confined by their master’s instructions and learn only a part of the knowledge. It is the profound meaning rather than the form, that truly represents the modern value of the system. Traditional Chinese medicine stresses the cultivation of medical ethics, purification of learning motivation, study of classic works, solid foundation of basic skills and clinical practice. It also advocates that apprentices should be led and taught in accordance to his aptitude.

Objective: To develop an HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of five active flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, 3-methoxyl-quercetin, nobiletin) in Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br.et Aschers.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 360nm,and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃.Results: Quercetin, kaempferol, 3-methoxyl-quercetin, apigenin and nobiletin was linear within the range of 0.002 3-0.093 0 μg·μl-1(r=0.999 5) , 0.002 2-0.087 0 μg·μl-1(r=0.999 6),0.002 0-0.079 0 μg·μl-1(r=0.999 8), 0.000 9-0.037 0 μg·μl-1(r=0.999 8) and 0.000 8-0.031 0 μg·μl-1 (r=0.999 9), respectively.The average recovery was 97.66%(RSD=1.17%), 98.33%(RSD=1.16%), 98.63%(RSD=1.10%), 98.40%(RSD=1.52%) and 98.10%(RSD=1.36%)(n=6) , respectively.Conclusion: The method is convenient, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br.et Aschers.

Accident Prevention ; Accidents ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

·AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide(TA) as treatment for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion(RVO).·METHODS: The study group consisting 30 patients (30 eyes) with RVO combined with macular edema received intravitreal 4mg TA. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), examination with slit-lamp microscope, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography(OCT) were observed during the follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 12.0 software.·RESULTS: The visual acuity(VA) of all patients was significantly improved and the central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly relieved. There was no correlation between course, age, CMT before injection and the type of RVO. There was positive correlation between visual acuity before injection and after injection.·CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TA is an easy-operated and safe therapy. After injection, macular edema can be rapidly relieved. VA at baseline is the predictor for the prognosis of VA. Some patients experience recurrence of macular edema between 3 to 6 months after injection.

Objective To clarify the risk factors of postoperative recurrence of early gastric cancer (EGC)patients who underwent radical gastrectomy.Methods We investigated follow-up records of 336 EGC patients on whom curative operations were performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between January 1994 and January 2008 with special reference to 12 cases of cancer recurrence.Results The 5-year survival rate of D1 was 89.0％,D1 + t was 91.4％,D1 + β was 91.8％,D2 was 92.5％,D3 was 90.0％(P =0.981).The recurrence rate was 3.6％(12/336).The recurrence time was 17-58 months,the survival time was 33-68 months.Six cases suffered from hematogenous recurrences,four cases from lymph node recurrences,two cases from remnant stomach recurrences.The recurrence rate of SM was higher than M(P =0.015),lymph node positive was high than negative(P =0.011),D1 was higher than D2(P =0.025).Conclusions The recurrence rate of EGC correlated with depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis and lymph node dissection.

Objective To provide technical support and scientific basis for establishing the evaluation index system for rural area in Chongqing city .Methods We formulated first draft of evaluation index system and then used the Delphi method to analyse this draft based on expert evaluation .Evaluation index system were established after second operation .Results “Familiarity ,security , effectiveness ,economy ,simplification ,the number of cases ,equipment and suitability for popularization and application”were finally taken as indexes of evaluation index system .Conclusion Useing Delphi expert consultation method ,we could establish a reasonable evaluation index system of Chongqing city .

Objective Recent studies have shown that activation of spinal astrocytes (ASTs) may be involved in the development of morphine tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine (K) on spinal ASTs in mice tolerant to morphine (M) .Methods Thirty Kun-Ming mice of both sexes weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 5 groups of six animals each : (A) control group received only subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) normal saline (NS); (B) chronic M-tolerance group received M 10 mg?kg-1 s.c. followed after 30 min by NS 10 ml?kg-1 i.p. twice a day (at 8:00 and 17:00) for 9 days;(C), (D), (E) K group received M 10 mg?kg-1 s.c. followed after 30 min by K 5 mg? kg-1(C), 10 mg?kg-1 (D) or 20 mg?kg-1 (E) i.p. twice a day for 9 days. Pain threshold was estimated by measuring paw withdrawal response to Von Frey filament stimulation every other day (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th) In after second administration of drugs. The percentage of maximal possible effect (MPE% ) was calculated : MPE% = [ (test group PWTV - control group PWTV) / (15 - control group PWTV)] ? 100% (PWTV = paw withdrawal threshold value). On the 9th day after pain threshold was measured the animals were sacrificed and lumbosacral segment of spinal cord was removed. The changes in spinal ASTs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The average areas of GFAP immuno-reactive cells in the dorsal horn were measured to show the degree of spinal AST activation. Results 1. MPE% was 0 at all time points in group A. In group B MPE% was 42.8% on the 1st and 3rd day and gradually decreasing on the 5th and 7th day and became 0 on the 9th day signifying full development of morphine tolerance. In group C the change in MPE% was almost the same as in group B. In group D and E MPE % tended to decrease but was still above 30% at all time points signifying that ketamine 10 and 20 mg?kg-1 could partly antagonize the development of morphine tolerance. 2. In group B the staining of GFAP immuno-reactive cells was heavier and the average areas were significantly larger than in group A (P