Objective:To inve tigate the value o electron beam tomography and echocardiography or diagno ing the comple congenital heart di ea e . Method :Thirty our patient with comple congenital heart di ea e underwent both echocardiography and electron beam tomography,which wa con irmed by angiocardiography in 18 patient .Twenty one patient were operated on.All data were comparatively analyzed Re ult :The rate o diagno i coincidence in diagno ing comple congenital heart di ea e wa 82 4% or electron beam tomography,and 73 5% or echocardiography.The accuracy o electron beam tomography in diagno ing e tracardiac abnormal tructure wa 97 9% and obviou ly higher than 53 2% by echocardiography.The accuracy o echocardiography in diagno ing intracardiac abnormal tructure wa 95 9% and higher than 81 6% by electron beam tomography.Electron beam tomography and echocardiography had a imilar accuracy or diagno ing abnormal tructure at the junction o ve el with cardiac chamber. Conclu ion:Electron beam tomography combined with echocardiography can greatly improve the diagno i accuracy o comple congenital heart di ea e and can al o reduce the u e o inva ive angiocardiography.

Objective To explore management models for asthmatic children in primary hospitals.Methods A total of 465 children with asthma,all of whom were outpatients,were managed according to general medicine principles from January 2000 to October 2002.The children were divided into two groups,depending on whether they were enrolled in the management before or after January 2002 (before:after=186:279).Based on Global Initiative for Asthma and individual requirements,different treatment measures were applied,and all the patients,their parents and community health care workers received education of basic knowledge on asthma.The extent to which the knowledge was grasped by the study populations at different stages was analyzed,and difference in progression of the disease before and after the introduction of management was compared.Results There were significant differences (P0.05].Of all 465 children,the mean frequency of asthma attack per year,asthma-based mean hospitalization per year and cases with normal predicted value of peak expiratory rate of flow were 4.23?1.55,0.61?0.59,36/190 and 0.83?0.86,0.03?0.17,179/190 before and after the introduction of the management respectively (P

1 was found in grouping, abortion times and metastasis in axillary lymph nodes, and OR

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of female pseudohermaphroditism (FPH) in the publication from 1994 to 2009 and the cases diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2000.Methods We employed Chinese and English name of female pseudohermaphroditism as a key word separately to retrieve published articles of FPH during 1994 to 2009.A meta-analysis was performed together with the ten cases in our hospital.Results Among 342 cases involved in this study,only twenty-seven children were diagnosed immediately after birth and the other 315 cases at the age of 1 month to 59 years with median age of 29.54 years.The etiological factors were mostly congenital adrenal hyperplasia (70.47%).Clinical manifestations were advanced bone age (95.52%),clitoromegaly (84.14%) and early virilization (77.24%).The treatment mainly included drug and operation.Early diagnosis and available therapy were very important for the prognosis.Conclusion FPH is not rare,so we should improve our knowledge for its early diagnosis,good intervention and final better prognosis.

OBJECTIVE：To construc t the evaluation system of the research quality of medical insurance budget impact analysis （BIA），and to provide feasible evaluation tool for related departments as medical insurance department. METHODS ：Based on BIA guidance documents and relevant empirical literatures of ISPOR ，Canada，Poland，the United States and other countries ， combined with expert interview ，the relevant elements of medical insurance negotiation BIA material were confirmed （including key elements and adjuctive elements ）. The scale and system was established to calculate total score of BIA research quality evaluation. RESULTS ：Key elements included three data blocks as target population ，market situation and treatment cost ，involving 14 key elements such as total population ，new drug scenario market share ，treatment cost ，etc.. According to the degree of compliance，0-3 points were assigned and the lowest score after normalization was taken as the basic score of BIA research quality. The adjunctive elements included five data blocks as title & abstract ，research background ，analysis framework ，result presentation and other ，including 23 adjunctive elements such as title ，abstract，research angle ，research time limit ，etc.. According to whether there is quality grade difference ，the elements were divided into type A and type B ；the grade score （0-4 points）and 0/1 score（1 point for yes and 0 point for no ）were used respectively ，and the additional score of BIA research quality was obtained after calculation and addition. According to the addition of different weights （0.67 and 0.33）of basic score and additional score ，the total score system of BIA research quality evaluation could be calculated. CONCLUSIONS ：This study successfully constructed a new BIA quality evaluation system ，which can be used for the quality evaluation of BIA research submitted by medical insurance drug negotiation.

Purpose: To compare axial length (AL), keratometry (K), and refractive measurements using Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1 autorefractor. Methods: The study involved 44 eyes of 44 children who visited our clinic. We compared AL, flat K, steep K, mean K, and spherical equivalent (SE) measured by Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1. We utilized a paired t-test and RM-ANOVA to compare mean differences and used Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation tests for agreement analysis. Results: The mean ALs (mm) measured with Myopia Master and Lenstar were 24.59 ± 0.91 mm and 24.60 ± 0.91 mm, respectively, with no statistical differences (p = 0.085). Both the ICC and Pearson correlation coefficient were 0.999. The mean SEs (D) measured with Myopia Master and KR-1 were -3.32 ± 1.75 D and -3.18 ± 1.68 D, respectively, with significant differences (p < 0.001). The ICC was 0.996 and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995. The mean K (D) values measured by Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar were 43.15 ± 1.59 D, 43.38 ± 1.58 D, and 43.32 ± 1.63 D, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions While statistical differences emerged in SEs between Myopia Master and KR-1, the differences were not clinically significant and the tools may be used interchangeably due to their good agreement. However, measured K values differed among Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar, so these tools are not interchangeable. Based on the results from paired t-tests, ICCs, and Pearson correlations, AL measurements were in good agreement between Myopia Master and Lenstar but caution should be exercised due to the wider range of measured values.

Purpose: To compare axial length (AL), keratometry (K), and refractive measurements using Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1 autorefractor. Methods: The study involved 44 eyes of 44 children who visited our clinic. We compared AL, flat K, steep K, mean K, and spherical equivalent (SE) measured by Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1. We utilized a paired t-test and RM-ANOVA to compare mean differences and used Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation tests for agreement analysis. Results: The mean ALs (mm) measured with Myopia Master and Lenstar were 24.59 ± 0.91 mm and 24.60 ± 0.91 mm, respectively, with no statistical differences (p = 0.085). Both the ICC and Pearson correlation coefficient were 0.999. The mean SEs (D) measured with Myopia Master and KR-1 were -3.32 ± 1.75 D and -3.18 ± 1.68 D, respectively, with significant differences (p < 0.001). The ICC was 0.996 and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995. The mean K (D) values measured by Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar were 43.15 ± 1.59 D, 43.38 ± 1.58 D, and 43.32 ± 1.63 D, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions While statistical differences emerged in SEs between Myopia Master and KR-1, the differences were not clinically significant and the tools may be used interchangeably due to their good agreement. However, measured K values differed among Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar, so these tools are not interchangeable. Based on the results from paired t-tests, ICCs, and Pearson correlations, AL measurements were in good agreement between Myopia Master and Lenstar but caution should be exercised due to the wider range of measured values.

Purpose: To compare axial length (AL), keratometry (K), and refractive measurements using Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1 autorefractor. Methods: The study involved 44 eyes of 44 children who visited our clinic. We compared AL, flat K, steep K, mean K, and spherical equivalent (SE) measured by Myopia Master, Lenstar, and KR-1. We utilized a paired t-test and RM-ANOVA to compare mean differences and used Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation tests for agreement analysis. Results: The mean ALs (mm) measured with Myopia Master and Lenstar were 24.59 ± 0.91 mm and 24.60 ± 0.91 mm, respectively, with no statistical differences (p = 0.085). Both the ICC and Pearson correlation coefficient were 0.999. The mean SEs (D) measured with Myopia Master and KR-1 were -3.32 ± 1.75 D and -3.18 ± 1.68 D, respectively, with significant differences (p < 0.001). The ICC was 0.996 and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995. The mean K (D) values measured by Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar were 43.15 ± 1.59 D, 43.38 ± 1.58 D, and 43.32 ± 1.63 D, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions While statistical differences emerged in SEs between Myopia Master and KR-1, the differences were not clinically significant and the tools may be used interchangeably due to their good agreement. However, measured K values differed among Myopia Master, KR-1, and Lenstar, so these tools are not interchangeable. Based on the results from paired t-tests, ICCs, and Pearson correlations, AL measurements were in good agreement between Myopia Master and Lenstar but caution should be exercised due to the wider range of measured values.

Acute necrotizing esophagitis (AEN), also called "black esophagus," is a rare disorder with an unknown pathogenesis. Endoscopic findings generally show black pigmentation throughout the esophagus. This case also offered rare views of the gross anatomy of this disorder. Histological examination revealed that the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophagus were involved in the severe necrotizing inflammation. The chief manifestation of this disease is hematemesis from hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract with a typically multifactorial etiology. AEN is also characterized by a clear boundary at the gastroesophageal junction where the necrosis stops. In this study, we report an autopsy case of a 61-year-old man with necrotizing inflammation throughout the esophagus and esophageal necrosis from the laryngopharynx to the gastroesophageal junction. The patient was a disabled person with a history of alcohol abuse who was also diagnosed with mild coronary arteriosclerosis and fatty liver on the basis of the underlying diseases. In this case, the main etiology for poor perfusion from the distal esophageal area was likely underlying illness, history of alcoholism, and malnutrition.
Alcoholism ; Autopsy* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Disabled Persons ; Esophagitis* ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Fatty Liver ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Inflammation ; Malnutrition ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Perfusion ; Pigmentation ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Information on the blood safety management system in Japan was collected by visiting the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Japanese Red Cross Blood Service Headquarter, Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, and Yurakucho Blood Room of Tokyo Metropolitan Blood Center, in July 2014, to improve the quality of the blood management system in Korea. In Japan, all blood products are supplied by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Service. In April 2012, the function of screening tests and blood product production of the provincial blood centers was transferred to the block blood centers. Donor suitability is assessed by medical doctors and EKG was tested for donors over 40 years old annually. To prevent bacterial contamination, the shelf life of platelets was shortened to 4 days after production, but routine bacterial screening test was not performed. Adverse reactions and infection following transfusions are reported to MHLW through the Red Cross Blood Service, and the case was reviewed by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Before transfusion, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and HCVcAg of the recipient is tested, and testing for HIV antigen is performed if the recipient has risk factors for HIV infection. Even when hepatitis B NAT is positive, look back is not performed if anti-HBc is negative and there is no history of blood donation within 125 days before the current donation. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for blood centers was introduced in the 1990s and PMDA performs the test every 5 years. In introduction of GMP in Korea, it is necessary to decide how to absorb the expense.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Donors ; Blood Safety ; Electrocardiography ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Japan* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Red Cross ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Donors